Eusarcus hastatus Sørensen

Hara, Marcos Ryotaro & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2010, Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the genus Eusarcus Perty 1833 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) 2698, Zootaxa 2698, pp. 1-136 : 68-74

Eusarcus hastatus Sørensen

( Figs. 19, 20, 48C–F, 52, 53)

Eusarcus hastatus Sørensen 1884: 624 (key, descr); Roewer 1913: 68 (key), 71 (rdesc); 1923: 418 (key), 420 (rdesc); Mello-Leitão 1923b: 122 (cit), 184 (key); 1926: 372 (diag); Roewer 1929: 197 (key); Mello-Leitão 1932: 156 (key), 160 (rdesc); 1940: 6 (key); 1945: 154 (cat), 158 (key); Soares & Soares 1954b: 260 (cat); H. Soares 1966b: 108 (cit); Pinto-da-Rocha 1995: 83 (cat); Kury 2003a: 169 (cat). (ma lectotype, 1 ma & 1 fe paralectotypes, here designated; “Lapa Vermelha, Lagoa Santa, [Minas Gerais]; Reinhardt leg.; ZMUC”; examined; lectotype with genitalia damaged by fungi, ma paralectotype with genitalia incompletely developed).

Pucrolioides argentina Roewer 1913: 28 , fig. 8; Acosta 1996b: 222 (cat). (2 ma syntypes; “ Paraguay; SMF RI/791”; examined). Syn. n.

Pucroloides argentina (lapsus): Roewer 1923: 403 (rdesc), fig. 495; B. Soares 1944e: 201 (cit); Mello-Leitão 1939b: 622 (cit); Ringuelet 1957a: 17 (= Neopucrolia pectinigera Roewer 1913 ).

Eusarcus argentina: Soares & Soares 1954b: 259 (cat).

Eusarcus argentinus: Ringuelet 1957a: 19 (= N. pectinigera Roewer 1913 ); 1957b: 21 (dist), 22 (dist); Ringuelet 1959: 317 (rdesc), 319 (syst), pl. 3, figs. 1 (wr il: Eusarcus sp. ), 2 (wr il: Eusarcus sp. ), 5, 6, pl. 20, fig. 6 (probably female); Soares & Soares 1985: 12 (syst), figs. 13–17; Kury 2003a: 168 (cat).

Neopucrolia pectinigera Roewer 1913: 44 ; Roewer 1923: 409 (rdesc); Mello-Leitão 1923b: 116 (cit); Acosta 1996b: 219 (cat). (2 ma & 1 fe syntypes; “ Paraguay, Puerto Bertoni; SMF RI/806”; examined). Synonymy with P. argentina established by Ringuelet (1957a).

Eusarcus pectinigerus: Soares & Soares 1954b: 261 (cat); Ringuelet 1957a: 19 (syst); 1959: 319 (syst).

Neopucrolia pectinisera (lapsus): Ringuelet 1957a: 17 (syst).

Eusarcus guimarãesi H. Soares 1945: 211 (cit), 216, fig. 5; Soares & Soares 1946b: 225 (= Eusarcus biserratus Mello- Leitão 1945); Soares & Soares 1954b: 260 (cat); H. Soares 1966b: 108 (cit), 109 (cit); H. Soares 1970: 216 (dist). (fe holotype; “ Colômbia, Barretos, São Paulo; J. Schubart & O. Schubart leg.; 4.ix.1944; MZSP 28660”; examined). Syn. n.

Eusarcus guimaraensi: Kury 2003a: 169 (cat).

Eusarcus biserratus Mello-Leitão 1945: 150 , 153 (cat), 156 (key), figs. 3, 4, 10. (1 ma & 1 fe syntypes; “Perdões, Minas Gerais; Labouriau leg.; MNRJ 5253”; examined). Synonymy with E. guimaraensi established by Soares & Soares (1946b).

Canestrinia canalsi Mello-Leitão 1931b: 84 (cit), 89; Ringuelet 1959: 384 (syst). (2 ma & 2 fe syntypes; " Buenos Aires, Argentina; Canals leg.; MNRJ 1403"; examined). Syn. n.

Mello -Leitaoëlla canalsi: Strand 1932: 135 (by implic, nom nov for Canestrinia Mello-Leitão 1931b ).

Melloinia canalsi: Thor 1933: 224 (by implic, nom nov for Canestrinia Mello-Leitão 1931b ).

Mello - Leitaoella canalsi (lapsus): Canals 1936: 61 (bion).

Melloleitaoella canalsi: Mello-Leitão 1939b: 622 (cit); B. Soares 1945c: 379 (cat); Ringuelet 1954: 1 (= Bacigalupo tenax Mello-Leitão 1933 ); 1955a: 294 (syst); 1957a: 20 (syst); 1959: 378 (syst), 384 (cit).

Melloleitaoëlla canalsi (lapsus): Soares & Soares 1954b: 272 (cat).

Pygophalangodus canalsi: Ringuelet 1957a: 20 (syst); 1957b: 22 (dist), 23 (dist); 1959: 382 (rdesc), 384 (= Bacigalupo tenax Mello-Leitão 1933 ), figs. 54, 55, XIX-3, 384 (syst); Capocasale 1973: 437 (dist), 443 (desc), figs. 2, 4; Maury & Pilati 1996: 2 (bion); Kury 2003a: 189 (cat).

Bacigalupo tenax Mello-Leitão 1933: 55 , fig. 1; 1939b: 618 (cit); B. Soares 1945c: 384 (cat); Ringuelet 1954: 1 (syst); 1959: 384 (syst); Galiano & Maury 1979: 318 (cat); Kury 1993 a: 130 (cit). (ma holotype, “MACN 4753”; 2 fe paratypes “MACN 4754”; not examined). Synonymy with M. canalsi established by Ringuelet (1954).

Jacarepaguana pectinifemur Piza 1943: 255 , fig. 1; B. Soares 1944e: 196 (cit), 201 (cit); 1945a: 11 (cit), 12 (descr “ allotype ” fe, misid: it is a beta male of E. argentinus ), fig. 2 (wr il: it is a beta male of E. argentinus ); Soares & Soares 1945a: 224 (cit); Paschoal & Barros 1983: 78 (cat). (ma holotype; “Pirassununga, Fazenda Firmino, [São Paulo]; MZLQ A0045”; fe “ allotype ”; “Mata de Procópio, Porto Ferreira, [São Paulo]; Schubart leg.; 2.iii.1944; MZSP without n o ”; examined). Syn. n.

Metagraphinotus pectinifemur: Soares & Soares 1954b: 274 (cat); H. Soares 1966b: 109 (cit); Kury 2003a: 175 (cat).

Eusarcus maquinensis H. Soares 1966b: 109 , fig. 3; Kury 2003a: 169 (cat). (ma holotype; “[Caverna] Maquiné, entrada; Cordisburgo, Minas Gerais; J. Schubart leg.; 25.x.1947; MZSP 28656”; examined). Syn. n.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Lagoa Santa ( Lapa Vermelha ), Reinhardt leg., ma lectotype, 1 ma & 1 fe paralectotypes of E. hastatus (ZMUC) ; Cordisburgo ( Caverna Maquiné ), J. Schubart leg., 25.x.1947, ma holotype of E. maquinensis ( MZSP 28656 ) ; Perdões , Labouriau leg., without date, 1 ma & 1 fe syntypes of E. biserratus ( MNRJ 5253 ) . São Paulo: Colômbia, J. & O. Schubart leg., 4.ix.1944, fe holotype of E. guimaraensi ( MZSP 28660 ) ; Pirassununga ( Fazenda Firmino ), Schubart leg., without date, ma holotype of Jacarepaguana pectinifemur ( MZLQ A0045 ) . ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: Canals leg., without date, 2 ma & 2 fe syntypes of Canestrinia canalsi (MNRJ 1403) . PARAGUAY. ( Puerto Bertoni ), without name of collector and date, 2 ma & 1 fe syntypes of Neopucrolia pectinigera ( SMF RI/806) ; Without locality, name of collector and date, 2 ma syntypes of Pucrolioides argentina ( SMF RI/791) . BRAZIL. Ihering leg., 1 ma & 1 fe ( ZMUC) . Minas Gerais: Lavras, P.J. Mattos leg., 15.xi.1947, 1 ma & 4 fe ( MNRJ 16147 ) ; Pedro Leopoldo ( Gruta Lapa Vermelha ), S.L. Horta leg., 29.x.1995, 1 ma & 2 fe ( MZSP 21596 ) ; Poços de Caldas ( Morro do Ferro ), J. Becker leg., 20.xii.1963, 1 fe ( HEMS 291 ) ; idem, J. Becker & O. Roppa leg., 4.iii.1964, 1 ma ( HEMS 1051 ) ; idem, J. Becker leg., 31.vii.1967, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MNRJ 11398 ) ; idem (Fonte dos Amores), J. Becker & O. Roppa leg., 24.x.1963, 1 ma ( HEMS 273 ) ; idem ( São Domingos ), J. Becker leg., 19.xii.1967, 1 ma ( HEMS 1011 ) ; São Paulo: Altinópolis ( Caverna Olho de Cabra ), P. Gnaspini et al. leg., 28.iii.1999, 1 ma ( MZSP 21658 ) ; idem, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MZSP 21659 ) ; Colômbia, O. Dias leg., 31.viii.1945, 1 ma ( MZSP 954 ) ; idem, 28.vi.1945, 2 ma & 1 fe ( MZSP 1733 ) ; Pirassununga ( Baguassú ), Schubart leg., 7.ix.1948, 1 ma & 2 fe ( HEMS 46 ) ; idem ( Emas ), O. Schubart leg., without date, 1 ma ( HEMS 964 ) ; Paraná: Capitão Leônidas Marques (Usina Hidrelétrica Salto Caxias), F.S. Cunha leg., 6–13.x.1998, 1 beta male ( IBSP 1190 ) ; Foz do Iguaçu ( Parque Nacional de Foz do Iguaçu ), Equipe Biota leg., 03–12.iii.2002, 2 ma & 5 fe ( IBSP 2983 , 2996 , 3008 , 3018 , 3019 , 3021 , 3027 ) ; Santa Helena ( Porto Santa Helena), H. Zimmermann leg., vii.1949, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MNRJ 16139 ) ; Três Barras do Paraná (Guarani, Foz do Córrego Três Barras ), A.B. Bonaldo leg., 20– 26.ii.1993, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MCNZ 1158 ) ; Vera Cruz do Oeste, R. Boçon & O. Riepenhoff leg., 08.i.1990, 3 ma & 1 fe ( MHNC 6700 ); ( Fazenda do Otto ) , O. Ripenhoff leg., 1 ma & 1 fe ( MHNC 6443 ) ; Rio Grande do Sul: Arroio dos Ratos ( Fazenda Recanto Figueira ), E.H. Buckup leg., 1.viii.1986, 2 ma & 1 fe ( MCNZ 932 ) ; Cachoeira do Sul , A. Witeck leg., 26.vi.1977, 1 ma ( MCNZ 311 ) ; Cararinho, H. Bischoff leg., 10.xi.1979, 2 ma & 1 fe ( MCNZ 622 ) ; Canoas (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Ilha das Garças ), M.P. de Barros leg., 19.x.1999, 1 ma ( MCNZ 1461 ) ; Cerro Largo ( São Luiz ), C.N. Gofferjé leg., iii.1951, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MHNC 6275 ) ; Eldorado do Sul (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Fazenda São José ), A.B. Bonaldo leg., 15.vi.1999, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MCNZ 1412 ) ; Guaíba, C.P. Silva leg., 16.iv.1978, 3 ma & 2 fe ( MCNZ 484 ) ; idem ( Granja Carola ), M. Rosenau leg., 23.viii.1986, 1 fe ( MCNZ 929 ) ; Itagui ( Km 82, BR 472), J. Jim, U. Camaraschi & Souza leg., 19.vii.1980, 1 ma ( HEMS 723 ) ; Montenegro, A.A. Lise leg., 7.vii.1977, 2 ma & 3 fe ( MCNZ 325 ) ; idem, H.L. Tavares leg., 7.vii.1977, 4 ma & 5 fe ( MCNZ 327 ) ; idem, H. Bischoff leg., 7.vii.1977, 1 ma & 1 fe ( HEMS 714 ) ; idem, 12 ma & 8 fe ( MCNZ 328 ) ; idem, 1 ma & 1 fe ( HEMS 715 ) ; idem, 31.viii.1977, 2 ma & 1 fe ( MCNZ 351 ) ; idem, 6.x.1977, V. Pitoni leg., 1 fe ( MCNZ 375 ) ; idem ( Chaleira Preta ), H. Bischoff leg., 05.v.1977, 2 ma ( MCNZ 291 ) ; Nova Hamburgo, T. de Lema leg., 27.iv.1979, 1 fe ( MCNZ 603 ) ; Nova Santa Rita (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, margin of Caí river ), I. Heydrich leg., 19.x.1999, 1 ma ( MCNZ 1465 ) ; Porto Alegre ( Morro Santana ), A.A. Lise leg., 5.iv.1969, 1 ma ( MCNZ 548 ) ; idem (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Ilha do Cipriano ), L.A. Moura leg., 19.iii.1999, 1 fe ( MCNZ 1407 ) ; idem ( Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí , Ilha Grande dos Marinheiros), A.B. Bonaldo leg., 10.viii.1999, 1 ma ( MCNZ 1449 ) ; idem (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Ilha dos Marinheiros ), T. de Lima leg., 22.x.1977, 1 ma ( MCNZ 389 ) ; idem (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Ilha do Pavão ), A.B. Bonaldo leg., 24.x.1999, 2 ma ( MCNZ 1453 ) ; idem (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Ilha da Pintada ), H. Bischoff leg., 29.ix.1976, 1 ma & 2 fe ( MCNZ 226 ) ; Santa Maria, D. Link leg., 20.ii.1980, 2 ma & 2 fe ( MCNZ 722 ) ; idem, 26.v.1977, 1 ma ( MCNZ 346 ) ; São Borja ( Rio Icamaquã ), V. Py-Daniel leg., 18.iv.1989, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MCNZ 1035 ) ; São Jerônimo ( Fazenda Capão ), M. Rosenau leg., 24.v.1982, 1 ma ( MCNZ 755 ) ; Tenente Portela ( Parque do Turvo ), A.A. Lise leg., 2.ii.1980, 1 fe ( MCNZ 643 ) ; Triunfo, J. Rodrigues leg., 15.x.1978, 1 ma ( MCNZ 587 ) ; idem, H. Bischoff leg., 4.ii.1977, 1 fe ( MCNZ 278 ) ; idem, E.H. Buckup leg., 12.v.1981, 1 ma ( MCNZ 742 ) ; idem (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Fazenda Pontal ), A.B. Bonaldo leg., 22.vi.1999, 1 fe ( MCNZ 1416 ) ; idem (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Ilha do Cravo ), A.B. Bonaldo leg., 29.vii.1999, 5 ma & 8 fe ( MCNZ 1435 ) ; idem (Parque Estadual Delta do Jacuí, Ilha Cabeçuda ), A.B. Bonaldo leg., 23.vii.1999, 2 ma & 2 fe ( MCNZ 1440 ) ; idem, 29.vii.1999, 3 ma & 6 fe ( MCNZ 1441 ) ; idem, A. Franceschini leg., 2 ma & 3 fe ( MCNZ 1444 ) .

Diagnosis: E. hastatus resembles E. caparaoensis + and E. manero +, which have a conical, short, blunt prolateral basal apophysis on the male trochanter IV, and can be distinguished by: The presence of PAM; ocularium high, with a pair of large, blunt or pointed tubercles, 1 pair of spines, 1 pair of spines with bases very close to each other, idem but on a short apophysis, 1 bifid spine, 1 robust spine; femur IV with prolateral and retrolateral rows of high tubercles increasing in size on and 2 ventro-apical spines.

Redescription: Male (lectotype; ZMUC): Dorsum ( Fig. 19A,B): Measurements: SL 4.20; SMW 3.50; femur I 2.05; II 3.95; III 3.00; IV 3.75. Median paracheliceral projection larger than PAM. Ocularium next to anterior scutal margin; high, with 2 spines, 34 tubercles. Carapace with 44 scattered tubercles. Scutal area I with 32–33 scattered tubercles on each side; II with 48; III with 56 and a median spine short and slightly curved backwards, not surpassing groove IV; IV with 47 tubercles. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites I–III with an irregular row of 17, 22, 18, 14 tubercles, respectively. Anal operculum with 32 tubercles.

Venter: Coxa I with 23 tubercles, median and distal ones largest; II with 44–49, distal and retroalteral ones largest; III with 44–46, distal ones largest; IV irregularly tuberculate.

Chelicera: Segment I with 2 tubercles.

Pedipalpus: Trochanter dorsally inflated, with 3–4 tubercles. Femur dorsally with 4 aligned tubercles; ventrally with 1 large pointed basal tubercle, 1 large and 1 small scattered ones. Tibial setation: Prolateral IiiIi/ IiIi, retrolateral IiIi. Tarsal setation: Prolateral IIi, retrolateral IiIi.

Legs ( Fig. 19C–H): Coxa IV short, reaching only until groove III, densely tuberculate, with 1 oblique prolateral apical apophysis, this conical, long, blunt, curved posteriad and ventrad. Trochanters I–IV with scattered tubercles; I–II with 1 large ventro-basal tubercle; IV prolaterally with 1 basal apophysis, this conical, short, blunt, swollen in the middle; 1 large apical tubercle; retrolaterally with 1 conical short apical apophysis. Femora I–II with small PDS, RDS; I ventrally with 2 rows of enlarged tubercles; III sinuous, with small PDS, medium RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles increasing in size distally, 1 large prolateral apical tubercle; IV sinuous, with a prolateral row of tubercles slightly high and pointed, far from each other, a retrolateral row of high, pointed tubercles, basal and median ones largest, with medium PDS, RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles, more conspicuous in distal third, prolateral ones increasing in size distally, 2 apical spines. Tibia III ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles increasing in size in distal third. Metatarsi I–II with 1 proventral apical seta. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 9, 6, 6.

Penis ( Fig. 48C,D): Stylus with apex slightly swollen. Ventral process of glans curved, apex with flabelliform projection. Ventral plate with concave sides; with 3 pairs of apically curved distal setae; 1 pair of short, straight median setae; 3 pairs of straight basal setae.

Coloration: Body, trochanter and femur IV dark brown; brown on remaining legs and pedipalps. Light brown on metatarsi and tarsi.

Female (paralectotype; ZMUC): Dorsum: Measurements: SL 4.15; SMW 3.50; femur I 2.00; II 3.90; III 2.90; IV 3.65. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum with a row of 15 tubercles, another of 26. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral and retrolateral IiIi. Legs: Coxa II with 7 retrolateral tubercles; IV densely and irregularly tuberculate, with 1 large prolateral apical tubercle. Trochanter IV retrolaterally with 1 large median tubercle, 1 apical apophysis, this conical, short, blunt. Femur II ventrally with 2 rows of slightly enlarged tubercles; III with reduced PDS, medium RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles increasing in size distally, prolateral ones enlarged; IV retrolaterally with a row of slightly enlarged, pointed tubercles in basal portion; ventrally with 2 rows of enlarged tubercles increasing in size distally, more conspicuous in distal third, prolateral one with largest tubercles, 1 small blunt prolateral spine. Tibia III with rows of similar-sized tubercles. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 8–9, 6, 6.

Variation in males (n=9): Measurements: SL 3.50–5.10; SMW 3.15–4.80; femur I 1.50–2.20; II 2.60– 3.70; III 2.10–3.30; IV 2.70–4.00. Median paracheliceral projection similar-sized to larger than PAM. Pedipalpus: Trochanter with 1–2 small ventral tubercles. Tibial setation: Prolateral and retrolateral IiIii/IiiIi/ IiIi. Trochanters I–IV with or without ventro-basal tubercle; IV with or without 1 large retrolateral median tubercle; femur I with reduced or small PDS, RDS; II–III with reduced or small PDS, small or medium RDS; III ventrally with both rows or only prolateral row of tubercles increasing in size distally, 1 (VPS) or 2 apical spines; with or without 1 large retrolateral apical tubercle; IV with small or medium PDS, RDS; ventrally with prolateral irregular rows of tubercles increasing in size in distal third, becoming high, pointed or not pointed; tibia III with two ventral rows of tubercles increasing in size distally, retrolateral ones enlarged in some specimens. Tarsal segmentation: 5–6, 7–10, 6, 6. Penis: Stylus smooth or with medio-ventral trichomes, apex slightly swollen; with angular medio-ventral projection; distal setae of ventral plate slightly or strongly curved apically; 1–2 pairs of median setae; 3–4 pairs of basal setae ( Fig. 48C–F). Coloration: Brown to reddish brown on most parts of body and legs; dark brown on leg IV from prolateral apical apophysis of coxa IV to metatarsus; light brown on chelicerae, pedipalps and tarsi.

Variation in females (n=11): Measurements: SL 3.30–4.45; SMW 2.80–3.80; femur I 1.50–1.90; II 2.40– 3.60; III 1.80–2.70; femur IV 2.40–3.40. Median paracheliceral projection smaller to larger than PAM. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites I–III each with two (an irregular and a regular) rows of tubercles. Pedipalpus: Trochanter ventrally with 1 large prolateral tubercle, 0–2 retrolateral small ones. Tibial setation: Prolateral IiiIi/IiIi, retrolateral Iiiiiii/IiiIii/IiiIi/IiIi/IIi. Tarsal setation: Prolateral Ii/IIi, retrolateral IiIi/ IIi/Iii. Tibia I ventrally with 2 rows of similar-sized to slightly enlarged tubercles. Coxa IV prolaterally with 1 apical tubercle or oblique apical apophysis, this conical, short, curved backwards, surpassing posterior margin of this segment. Trochanter IV with or without large retrolateral median tubercle. Femur II reduced to medium RDS; III with or without 1 large proventral tubercle; IV retrolaterally with or without a row of slightly enlarged tubercles; ventrally with 1 or 2 rows of tubercles (if 2 rows, prolateral one or retrolateral one increasing in size distally), retrolateral row with enlarged tubercles in some specimens; 1 PVS or 1 large prolateral apical tubercle, with or without large retrolateral apical tubercle. Metatarsus I with or without 2 ventro-apical setae. Tarsal segmentation: 5–6, 7–8, 6, 6. Coloration: Yellowish, dark brown on free tergites and anterior margin of dorsal scutum; light brown on chelicerae, pedipalps, legs I–II, metatarsi and tarsi III– IV.

Taxonomical notes: When we examined type material of E. argentinus , E. hastatus and E. maquinensis at the beginning of the review, we thought they belong to three easily distinguishable species. However, further examinations, including more material from many localities, indicated that they actually belong to the same species with a high degree of polymorphism in many features, such as armature of ocularium ( Fig. 20A,B), spine of scutal area III, apophyses and tubercles on leg IV ( Fig. 20C–I). The variation among various populations of this species is summarized in Figures 52 and 53. Considering that: (i) these variable characters show intermediate forms between two extremes and (ii) the impossibility to establish a combination of these characters to distinguish two or more species, besides lack of autapomorphy to characterize those species, we concluded that this is a single species with strong morphological variation. This is: Ocularium with a pair of large, blunt or pointed tubercles, 1 pair of spines, 1 pair of clearly separated spines which bases are very close to each other, idem but sitting on a short apophysis, 1 bifid spine, 1 robust spine; median spine of scutal area III ranging from medium (not surpassing groove V) to short (not surpassing groove IV) in size and completely absent only in few specimens; tarsal I segmentation 5 or 6; coxa IV ending between grooves III and IV or near groove V; trochanter IV with or without conical prolateral apical apophysis; amount, size and space between the high tubercles in pro and retrolateral rows on femur IV; presence or absence of two ventral rows of tubercles increasing in size and ending in 2 apical spines on tibia IV. Soares & Soares (1985) synonymized Metapucrolia armata with E. argentinus based on penis morphology and great variation of armature on femur IV. However, this synonymy is doubtful because these authors relied heavily on a proposal by Ringuelet (1959) regarding polymorphysm of the armature of leg IV. This author recorded great variation in the armature of femur IV in E. argentinus , which was verified in specimens from southern and southeastern Brazil and type material of Eusarcus deposited in other collections. However, we were not able to verify the forms shown in figures 1 and 2 of Ringuelet (1959), which considerably differ from the original description of E. argentinus by the absence of a retrolateral apical apophysis of trochanter IV and of a prolateral row of pointed tubercles on femur IV. Therefore, it is probable that Metapucrolia armata belongs to Eusarcus , but it may not be identical to E. argentinus .

Type localities: Brazil. Of E. hastatus : Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, Lapa Vermelha. Of E. guimaraensi : São Paulo, Barretos, Colômbia. Of E. biserratus : Minas Gerais, Perdões. Of J. pectinifemur : São Paulo, Pirassununga. Of E. maquinensis : Minas Gerais, Cordisburgo, Caverna Maquiné. Argentina. Of C. canalsi : Buenos Aires. Paraguay. Of P. argentina : without further data. Of N. pectinigera: Puerto Bertoni. In the descriptions of P. argentina , N. pectinigera and E. biserratus the type localities are given as “ Argentinien: Steppen”, “ Argentinien (Bahia Blanca)” and “ Brazil: São Paulo: São Sebastião” and differ from the toponyms written on the labels. We considered those on the labels as the correct ones.

Geographical distribution ( Fig. 52): Paraguay, Argentina (Buenos Aires), and SE to S Brazil (from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul).