Eusarcus oxyacanthus Kollar

Hara, Marcos Ryotaro & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2010, Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the genus Eusarcus Perty 1833 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae) 2698, Zootaxa 2698, pp. 1-136 : 91-94

Eusarcus oxyacanthus Kollar

( Figs. 28, 39A,B, 51)

Eusarcus oxyacanthus Kollar in Koch 1839a: 9; 1839b: 7 (rdesc), pl.218, figs. 543–544; Bertkau 1880: 6 (cit), 106 (com descr); Roewer 1913: 68 (key), 70 (rdesc, dist: dubious provenance); 1923: 418 (key), 419 (rdesc), fig. 522; Mello- Leitão 1923b: 122 (cat); 1926: 372 (diag); Strand 1926: 43 (cit); Roewer 1929: 197 (key), 198 (dist: dubious distribution record); Mello-Leitão 1932: 155 (key), 156 (rdesc), fig. 78; 1940: 7 (key); 1945: 155 (cat), 157 (key), fig. 18; B. Soares 1945c: 376 (cat [pars]); Soares & Soares 1954b: 261 (cat); Moritz 1971: 206 (cat); Acosta 1996b: 224 (cat); Kury 2003a: 169 (cat). (ma lectotype, ma & fe paralectotypes, here designated; “ Brasilien, Olfers leg., ZMB 891”, pinned, examined; 1 ma paralectotype; “ Brasilien, SMF RI 1272”, examined).

Enantiocentron doriphorus Mello-Leitão 1932: 450 , fig. 10; Mello-Leitão 1936: 24 (key). (ma holotype; “Jacarepaguá, [Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro], Berla leg., MNRJ 1391”, examined). Syn. n.

Eusarcus doriphorus: Mello-Leitão 1945: 154 (cat), 158 (key), fig. 12; B. Soares 1945c: 375 (cat); Soares & Soares 1954a: 497 (dist, syst); 1954b: 259 (cat); Kury 2003a: 169 (cat).

Eusarcus spinimanu Mello-Leitão 1932: 156 (key), 159, fig. 83; 1940: 6 (key); 1945: 155 (cat), 158 (key), fig. 20; B. Soares 1945c: 376 (cat); Soares & Soares 1954a: 497 (syst); 1954b: 262 (cat); Kury 2003a: 170 (cat). (ma lectotype; “Niterói, Rio de Janeiro; MNRJ 1428”; examined; idem, 1 ma paralectotype; “MNRJ 1428b”; examined). Syn. n.

Eusarcus hastatus : [wr il] Mello-Leitão 1945: fig. 14.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Without locality, Olfers leg., without date, ma lectotype, 1 ma & 1 fe paralectotypes of E. oxyacanthus ( ZMB 891), here designated; idem, without name of collector and date, 1 ma paralectotype of E. oxyacanthus (SMF RI, 1272) . Rio de Janeiro: Niterói, without name of collector and date, ma lectotype of Eusarcus spinimanu (MNRJ 1428) ; idem, 1 ma paralectotype of E. spinimanu (MNRJ 1428b) ; Rio de Janeiro (Jacarepaguá), Berla leg., without date, ma holotype of E. doriphorus (MNRJ 1391) . Rio de Janeiro: E. de Morais Mello leg., without date, 1 fe ( MNRJ 1433); Casimiro de Abreu (Barra de São João), Exp. Arachné leg., 21–24.iii.2003, 1 fe ( MNRJ); Maricá (Itaipuaçu), A. Giupponi & Pedroso leg., 12.x.1999, 1 ma & 4 fe ( MNRJ 4835); Nova Friburgo, M. Rosa leg., 1 fe ( MNRJ 42349); Nova Iguaçu (Tinguá), without date and collector, 2 fe ( MNRJ 6797); idem, E. Izecksohn & J. Jim leg., 21.viii.1965, 1 ma ( MNRJ 16138); idem, E. Izecksohn & Peracchi leg., 9.ix.1966, 1 ma ( MNRJ 17366); idem, A.B. Kury leg., 22.xi.1990, 1 ma ( MNRJ 6798); Pinheiral, without name of collector and date, 1 ma ( MZSP 1578); Queimados (Km 37 rodovia Presidente Dutra), Peracchi leg., 9.ix.1959, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MNRJ 1654); idem (Km 37 rodovia Presidente Dutra, rio Guandu), O. Fraga leg., 25.x.1960, 3 ma ( HEMS 231); idem, 2 fe ( HEMS 232); Rio de Janeiro, J. Moojen leg., without date, 1 fe ( MNRJ 1540); idem, R.G. Klossal leg., i.1957, 1 fe ( MNRJ 16145); idem (Corcovado), P. Wygodzinsky leg., 1.vi.1947, 1 ma ( MZSP 1045); idem (Floresta da Tijuca), Mondin leg., without date, 1 ma ( MNRJ 6080); idem, E. Izecksohn leg., 19.v.1978, 1 ma ( MNRJ 16146); idem, A. Giupponi & E. Folly leg., 6.i.2000, 1 beta male ( MNRJ 4340); idem (Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Floresta do Engenho de Dentro), A.B. Kury, A. Giupponi, A. Bustamante, P. Ramalho & R. Carvalho Jr. leg., 6.v.1999, 2 ma & 1 fe ( MNRJ 5756); idem (Pedra da Gávea), J. Becker leg., 25.xi.1955, 1 ma ( HEMS 423); idem (Jacarepaguá), Arlé leg., without date, 1 ma ( MNRJ 11352; old number: MNRJ 58236); idem, 2 ma & 3 fe ( MNRJ 58326); idem, C. Couceiro leg., 12.ix.1962, 1 ma & 2 fe ( MNRJ 5392); idem, A.B. Kury leg., 12.vii.1989, 1 ma & 1 fe ( MNRJ 6489); idem (São Conrado), R. Sachsse & S. Potsch leg., 16.vii.1987, 2 ma ( MNRJ 6144); idem (Seropédica, Universidade Federal Rural do RJ, Km 47), E. Izecksohn leg., 14.iii.1962, 1 ma & 2 fe ( MNRJ 17369); idem (Trapicheiro), Izecksohn leg., xii.1954; 1 ma & 1 fe ( HEMS 1010); Silvestre, 28.viii.1977, C.S. Becker leg., 2 fe ( MCNZ 441); Teresópolis (Fazenda Alpina), Wygodzinsky leg., 11.i.1945, 1 ma ( MZSP 1175). São Paulo: Ubatuba (Picinguaba), H. El Zaher leg., without date, 1 fe ( MNRJ 11355).

Diagnosis: E. oxyacanthus resembles E. catharinensis because of the presence of prolateral median and apical apophyses on the male trochanter IV, and can be distinguished by: The presence of PAM; ocularium unarmed or with a pair of large tubercles; shape of prolateral apophyses on male trochanter IV: The conical median apophysis with a large base, short, blunt and the conical apical apophysis being long, sinuous, curved posteriad and dorsad (length similar to or longer than the width of its podomere).

Redescription: Male (MZSP 1175): Dorsum ( Fig. 28A,B): Measurements: SL 4.60; SMW 4.40; femur I 2.50; II 4.80; III 3.80; IV 4.90. Median paracheliceral projection smaller than PAM. Ocularium far from anterior scutal margin; low, with 2 large tubercles and 3 small ones. Carapace with 21 scattered tubercles. Scutal area I with 10 tubercles on each side next to median and groove II; II with 20; III with 13 and a median spine of medium size, oblique, surpassing groove V but not posterior margin of dorsal scutum; IV with 12 tubercles. Posterior margin of dorsal scutum and free tergites I–III with a row of 15, 18, 19, 11 tubercles, respectively. Anal operculum with 27 tubercles.

Venter: Coxa I with 22 tubercles, median and distal ones largest; II with 39, distal ones largest; III–IV irregularly tuberculate.

Chelicera: Segment I with 5 tubercles.

Pedipalpus: Trochanter dorsally inflated, with 4 tubercles; ventrally with 1 large prolateral tubercle, 2 small retrolateral ones. Femur dorsally with 4–6 large aligned tubercles, 3 small scattered ones; ventrally with 1 large basal tubercle, 3–4 small aligned ones. Tibial setation: Prolateral IiIi, retrolateral IiiIi/iIiIi. Tarsal setation: Prolateral IIi, retrolateral IiIi.

Legs ( Fig. 28C–J): Coxa II with 3–5 tubercles on retrolateral margin; IV densely tuberculate, with 1 oblique prolateral apical apophysis, this conical, long, curved posteriad and slightly ventrad. Trochanters I–IV with scattered tubercles; IV prolaterally with 1 median apophysis, this conical, with a large base, short, blunt; 1 oblique apical apophysis, this conical, long, sinuous, curved posteriad and dorsad; retrolaterally with 1 large pointed median tubercle. Femur I with small PDS, RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles increasing in size distally, becoming pointed, retrolateral ones enlarged; II–III with small PDS, medium RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles, retrolateral ones slightly enlarged; III sinuous, ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles increasing in size distally, retrolateral ones enlarged, with 2 large pointed apical tubercles; IV sinuous, medium PDS, RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles increasing in size distally, 1 PVS, 1 large retrolateral apical tubercle. Tibia I ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles slightly increasing in size toward the middle; III ventrally with 2 rows of tubercles slightly increasing in size subapically, retrolateral ones enlarged. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 7– 8, 6, 6.

Penis (MNRJ 1428; Fig. 39A,B): Stylus smooth, apex swollen; with angular medio-ventral projection. Ventral process of glans curved; apex with flabelliform projection. Ventral plate with concave sides; with 3 pairs of long, curved distal setae; 1 pair of short, straight median setae; 4 pairs of slightly curved basal setae.

Coloration: Light brown.

Female (MNRJ 58326): Dorsum: Measurements: SL 4.10; SMW 3.50; femur I 2.10; II 4.05; III 3.00; IV 3.85. Scutal area III with median spine of medium size, reaching groove IV. Legs: Coxa II with 3–6 tubercles on retrolateral margin; IV densely tuberculate, with 1 oblique prolateral apical apophysis, this conical, short, curved backwards. Trochanters I–IV with scattered tubercles; I–II with 1 large ventro-basal tubercle; III with large retrolateral tubercles; IV retrolaterally with 1 median, 1 large apical tubercles. Femur I with reduced PDS, RDS; ventrally with 2 rows of enlarged tubercles; II ventrally with 2 rows of slightly enlarged tubercles; III ventrally with 2 rows of enlarged tubercles, 1 large prolateral apical tubercle; IV ventrally with 2 rows of enlarged tubercles slightly increasing in size distally, 2 blunt apical spines. Tibiae I, III with rows of similarsized tubercles. Metatarsus I with 2 ventro-apical setae. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 7, 6, 6. Coloration: Brown; dark brown on body edges. Light brown on distal parts of metatarsi I–IV and tarsi I–IV.

Variation in males (n=6): Measurements: SL 4.30–4.75; SMW 3.80–4.40; femur I 2.20–2.50; II 4.50– 5.30; III 3.30–4.00; IV 4.40–5.30. Ocularium unarmed or with 2 large tubercles. Pedipalpus: Tibial setation: Prolateral IiIi/IIi, retrolateral IiiIi/iIiIi/IiIi. Femur I with reduced or small RDS. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 7–9, 6, 6.

Variation in females (n=6): Measurements: SL 3.70–4.40; SMW 3.25–3.80; femur I 1.70–2.10; II 3.50– 4.20; III 2.70–3.20; IV 3.70–4.20. Femur I with reduced or small PDS, reduced to medium RDS; II with reduced to medium PDS, small or medium RDS; III with small or medium PDS. Tarsal segmentation: 6, 7–9, 6, 6.

Type localities: Brazil. Of E. oxyacanthus : without futher data. Of E. doriphorus : Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro: Jacarepaguá. Of E. spinimanu : Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, and not Minas Gerais as stated in the original description.

Geographical distribution ( Fig. 51): Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and north coast of São Paulo.