Aristolochia pseudocaulialata X.X. Zhu, J.N. Liu & J.S. Ma, 2018

Zhu, Xin-Xin, Liao, Shuai, Liu, Ji-Nan, Zhang, Chan & Ma, Jin-Shuang, 2018, The taxonomic revision of Asian Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae) IV: lectotypification of A. caulialata, with a new species from Yunnan, China-A. pseudocaulialata, Phytotaxa 364 (1), pp. 49-60 : 55-59

Aristolochia pseudocaulialata X.X. Zhu, J.N. Liu & J.S. Ma , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1A–E & P , 6–8 )

Similar to A. caulialata , A. faviogonzalezii T.V. Do, S. Wanke & C. Neinhuis (2015: 672) and A. kwangsiensis Chun et How ex C.F. Liang (1975: 12) , but differs from the former in its lamina oval to suborbicular (vs. lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate in A. caulialata ), lobes of limb red with densely dark-red warts (vs. yellowish green with densely dark red spinous processes in A. caulialata ), and gynostemium ca. 4 mm long (vs. ca. 8 mm long in A. caulialata ), differs from A. faviogonzalezii in its limb discoid (vs. trumpetshaped in A. faviogonzalezii ), upper half throat yellow without visible dots (vs. white with dark purple dots in A. faviogonzalezii ), lower half throat yellow with pink dots (vs. pinkish without visible dots in A. faviogonzalezii ), as well as capsule 14–16 cm long (vs. 5–6 cm long in A. faviogonzalezii ), differs from A. kwangsiensis in its limb red with densely dark red warts (vs. dark purple with densely dark red spinous process in A. kwangsiensis ), throat 1–1.5 cm wide (vs. 0.4–0.5 cm wide in A. kwangsiensis ), as well as capsule 14–16 cm long (vs. 8–10 cm long in A. kwangsiensis ).

Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Yingjiang County, Nabang Town , 24°45’05”N, 97°34’01”E, 302 m, 25 November 2016, X.X. Zhu ZXX16047 (holotype: CSH-0134143!; isotypes: CSH-0134140!, CSH-0134141!, CSH-0134142!, KUN-1344857!) .

Climbing shrubs. Stems terete. Petioles 3–13 cm long, subglabrous to densely villous; laminas oval to suborbicular, 10–40 × 8–30 cm, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely to densely lanose, base shallowly cordate to cordate, margin entire, apex obtuse to acute; veins palmate, 2–3 pairs from base, lateral veins 5–7-paired. Cymes (1–5-flowered) 1 to numberous clusters on old woody stems; inflorescence axis 0.5–3 cm, densely brown villous, pedicels 2–3 cm long, densely brown villous; bractlets ovate-deltoid, ca. 1.5 mm long, abaxially densely villous. Calyx tube geniculately curved, abaxially villous; basal tube 2.4–3 cm long, inside dark red at base, white above base, upper tube 3–4 cm long, inside red with yellow patches; limb discoid, 3-lobed, lobes broadly deltoid, recurved, red with densely dark red warts; throat subcircular, 1–1.5 cm wide, upper half yellow, lower half yellow with pink dots. Gynostemium 3-lobed, ca. 4 mm long; anthers six, oblong, ca. 2.5 mm long, adnate in three pairs to base of gynostemium, opposite to lobes. Ovary terete, ca. 1.5 cm long, densely brown villous. Capsule cylindric, 14–16 × 2 cm long. Seeds ovate, ca. 7 × 5 mm.

Distribution and habitat: —The new species is currently known to Yingjiang County of Yunnan, China. It grows in forests or along roadside at an elevation between 300 m and 900 m, together with Hymenandra wallichii A.DC. ( Primulaceae ), Psychotria calocarpa Kurz ( Rubiaceae ), Shorea assamica Dyer ( Dipterocarpaceae ), Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. ( Apocynaceae ), etc.

Phenology: —Flowering from November to December, fruiting from April to June.

Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the similarity between the new species and A. caulialata in the morphology of flowers. The Chinese name is given as “fflffiẓLjdzĸ”.

Note: ―The new species is similar to Aristolochia caulialata in the shape of limb and color of throat, but they can be distinguished by the morphology of lamina and lobes of limb, and the length of anthers and gynostemium. A. pseudocaulialata is also similar to A. faviogonzalezii ( Figs. 1S–T ) and A. kwangsiensis ( Figs. 1K–O ) in the morphology of lamina, whereas differs from A. faviogonzalezii in the shape of limb, color of throat, and the length of capsule; differs from A. kwangsiensis in the color of limb, type of processes on the limb, the size of throat, and the length of capsule. Detailed morphological comparisons among the four species are summarized in Table 1.

Additional specimens of A. pseudocaulialata examined (paratypes): — CHINA. Yunnan: Yingjiang County, 5 November 1974, G. D. Tao 13197 (HITBC-004041!, KUN-0163032!) ; 12 November 1974, G.D. Tao 13396 (HITBC-004042!, KUN-0163022!, SYS-00061649!) ; November 1981, G.D. Tao 12727 (HITBC-004039!) ; 28 November 2016, X.X. Zhu ZXX16056 (CSH-0134125!, CSH-0134126!); 17 April 2017, X.X. Zhu ZXX17039 (CSH-0141386!, CSH-01413887!, CSH-0141388!); 2 June 2017, X.X. Zhu ZXX17072 (CSH-0142457!).

kwangsiensis .

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–E, P: Aristolochia pseudocaulialata. A. Leaves, B. Flower, C. Longitudinal-section of flower (showing inside structure), D. Anthers and gynostemium, E. Capsule, P. Seeds. F–J, Q–R: A. caulialata. F. Leaves, G. Flower, H. Longitudinal-section of flower (showing inside structure), I. Anthers and gynostemium, J. Capsule, Q. Seeds, R. Inflorescence. K–O: A. kwangsiensis. K. Leaves, L. Flower, M. Longitudinal-section of flower (showing inside structure), N. Anthers and gynostemium, O. Capsule. S–T: A. faviogonzalezii. S. Habit, T. Flower.A–R: photographed by X.X. Zhu; S–T: photographed by Y.H. Tan.

FIGURE 6. Aristolochia pseudocaulialata. A. Branch, B. Inflorescence, C. Flower in frontal view, D. Longitudinal-section of flower (showing inside structure), E. Anthers and gynostemium, F. Capsule. Drawn by Yi Zhang, A–E from X.X. Zhu ZXX16047, F from X.X. Zhu ZXX17039.

FIGURE 7. Aristolochia pseudocaulialata. A. Habit, B–C. Leaf, D. Inflorescence, E–G. Flower, H. Capsule. Photographed by X.X. Zhu, A–G from X.X. Zhu ZXX16047, H from X.X. Zhu ZXX17039.

FIGURE 8. Holotype of Aristolochia pseudocaulialata (CSH-0134143).