Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987

Kluge, Nikita J., 2021, Review of Centroptella Braasch & Soldán 1980 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), Zootaxa 5054 (1), pp. 1-144 : 96

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5054.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:75417CFA-BF40-4B6F-A317-DEBFB447893D
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781527
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03936656-F634-E00D-7AB0-FEE4FC5EF8EE
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scientific name	Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987
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Treatment

3. Subgenus Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987 View in CoL

( Figs 1 View FIGURES 1–3 , 429–686 View FIGURES 429–438 View FIGURES 439–448 View FIGURES 449–450 View FIGURES 451–463 View FIGURES 464–469 View FIGURES 470–474 View FIGURES 475–495 View FIGURES 496–504 View FIGURES 505–511 View FIGURES 512–517 View FIGURES 518–519 View FIGURES 520–526 View FIGURES 527–529 View FIGURES 530–533 View FIGURES 534–540 View FIGURES 541–550 View FIGURES 551–559 View FIGURES 560–565 View FIGURES 566–570 View FIGURES 571–574 View FIGURES 575–580 View FIGURES 581–583 View FIGURES 584–597 View FIGURES 598–606 View FIGURES 607–610 View FIGURES 611–617 View FIGURES 618–623 View FIGURES 624–625 View FIGURES 626–631 View FIGURES 632–650 View FIGURES 651–654 View FIGURES 655–661 View FIGURES 662–666 View FIGURES 667–669 View FIGURES 670–672 View FIGURES 673–683 View FIGURES 684–686 )

Genus Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty 1987a: 182 View in CoL .

Subgenus Chopralla View in CoL of genus Bungona: Salles, Gattolliat & Sartori 2016: 104 View in CoL .

Synonym of Centroptella: Kluge, Godunko & Svitok 2020: 88 .

Type species: Centroptella ceylonensis Müller-Liebenau 1983 .

Diagnosis (see Centroptella s. l: Classification and Table 2 View TABLE 2 ).

(1) In larva, posterior arm of U-shaped row of long setae on fore- and middle tibiae more transverse than longitudinal and crosses tibia [on hind leg longitudinal—see Centroptella s. l. (2)] ( Figs 560–562 View FIGURES 560–565 , 662–666 View FIGURES 662–666 ). The same in Crassolus , in contrast to Centroptella s. str.

(2) Larval claw usually with 2 rows of denticles ( Figs 548–548 View FIGURES 541–550 ). The same in Crassolus , in contrast to Centroptella s. str.

(3) In larva, at least abdominal terga I–IV without denticles on posterior margins; in various species denticles are present beginning either from tergum V (in C. colorata , C. papuanica sp. n., C. ghatensis sp. n. and C. kangi sp. n.), or from tergum VIII (in C. bintang ), or from tergum IX (in C. ceylonensis , C. pusilla and C. rufostriata sp. n.).

(4) In larva, abdominal sternum VII without regular rows of bifurcate setae (j), so that such rows occur on sterna IV–V only (in contrast to Centroptella s. str. and Crassolus , which have regular rows on sterna IV–VI).

(5) In last larval instar, developing subimaginal gonostyli folded under larval cuticle in the « Nigrobaetis - type » pose, i.e. with 3rd segments directed caudally ( Figs 469 View FIGURES 464–469 , 529 View FIGURES 527–529 , 571 View FIGURES 571–574 , 609 View FIGURES 607–610 , 627 View FIGURES 626–631 , 654 View FIGURES 651–654 ). The same in many other Baetovectata, but in contrast to Centroptella s. str. and Crassolus , whose gonostyli are folded in the peculiar « Crassolus - type » pose.

(6) Gonovectes without halberd-like widenings apically ( Figs 465–468 View FIGURES 464–469 , 527 View FIGURES 527–529 , 572 View FIGURES 571–574 ) (in contrast to Crassolus ).

(7) Sterno-styligeral muscle is retained (in contrast to Crassolus ), being rather weak and often divided into pair of convergent muscles ( Figs 465–466 View FIGURES 464–469 , 527 View FIGURES 527–529 , 572 View FIGURES 571–574 ) (the same in Centroptella s. str.).

Other characters. In larva, anterior margin of mesonotum is sharply curved ( Figs 431 View FIGURES 429–438 , 499 View FIGURES 496–504 , 434 View FIGURES 429–438 , 599 View FIGURES 598–606 , 633 View FIGURES 632–650 ), in contrast to straight or shallowly curved in Crassolus and Centroptella s. str. ( Figs 24–25 View FIGURES 23–32 , 77 View FIGURES 75–86 , 104 View FIGURES 100–107 , 128 View FIGURES 125–131 , 185 View FIGURES 185–191 , 274 View FIGURES 273–280 , 338–340 View FIGURES 337–344 ).

Bifurcate setae on metasternum (i) (see Centroptella s. l.) form a pair of regular rows ( Fig. 517 View FIGURES 512–517 ) (in contrast to Centroptella s. str. and Crassolus , whose bifurcate setae of metasternum are arranged less regularly).

Both male and female imagines have characteristic coloration: thorax contrastingly darker (ochre with reddishbrown) in dorsal half and lighter (pale ochre) in ventral half; abdomen of female has the same coloration ( Figs 531 View FIGURES 530–533 , 577 View FIGURES 575–580 , 519 View FIGURES 518–519 ); abdomen of male has either the same coloration ( Figs 451 View FIGURES 451–463 , 520 View FIGURES 520–526 ), or has no reddish coloration on most of terga ( Fig. 566 View FIGURES 566–570 ). This coloration differs from Crassolus and Centroptella s. str., whose thorax has brown cuticular coloration both on dorsal and on ventral sides at least in males ( Figs 49 View FIGURES 49–52 , 93 View FIGURES 90–97 , 143 View FIGURES 143–148 , 159–160 View FIGURES 158–163 , 298 View FIGURES 298–302 , 379 View FIGURES 373–379 ).