Centroptella (Chopralla) rufostriata, Kluge, 2021

Kluge, Nikita J., 2021, Review of Centroptella Braasch & Soldán 1980 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), Zootaxa 5054 (1), pp. 1-144 : 114-124

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5054.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:75417CFA-BF40-4B6F-A317-DEBFB447893D
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5781533
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03936656-F61A-E029-7AB0-FEC0FEF4FCF4
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Centroptella (Chopralla) rufostriata
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

3.3. Centroptella (Chopralla) rufostriata sp. n.

( Figs 1 View FIGURES 1–3 , 534–590 View FIGURES 534–540 View FIGURES 541–550 View FIGURES 551–559 View FIGURES 560–565 View FIGURES 566–570 View FIGURES 571–574 View FIGURES 575–580 View FIGURES 581–583 View FIGURES 584–597 )

Etymology. Allusion to hypodermal coloration of abdmen, which consists of reddish cross tripes stripes on posterior margins of terga ( Figs 539 View FIGURES 534–540 , 566–567 View FIGURES 566–570 ).

Material examined. Holotype: L-S-I ♂ {specimen [XXXVII](14)2009}: INDONESIA, Lombok , Senaru, 23.IX.2009, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko. Paratypes: the same locality, 19–26.IX.2009: 11 L-S-I ♂ , 10 L-S-I ♀, 3 L-S ♂, 3 L-S-I ♀, 45 larvae; Java, Bogor, Mount Sulak, Ciapus , altitude 624 m, 24.II.2008, coll. V. Ivanov: 2 larvae .

Descriptions.

Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION: Head with anterior side mostly colorless; frons either colorless, or be bordered with brown (i.e. with brown arc connecting paired ocelli) and/or with median brown spot just posteriad median ocellus; genae brown or colorless; dorsal side of head brown ( Fig. 536 View FIGURES 534–540 ). Pronotum and mesonotum with contrasting brown, ochre and/or colorless areas, forming characteristic pattern ( Fig. 534 View FIGURES 534–540 ). Thoracic pleura and metanotum partly brown, partly colorless; sterna colorless; legs with coxae partly colorless, partly brown; trochanteres colorless ( Fig. 537 View FIGURES 534–540 ). Fore femur with long brown macula on posterior side and brown outer side; other sides mostly colorless; middle femur with smaller brown macula on posterior side and brown outer side; hind femur mostly colorless, with brown macula on posterior side near inner margin; tibia of each leg diffusively darkened with brown along rows of long, fine setae; tarsus of each leg brown proximally and along rows of long, fine setae; claws brown ( Figs 551–559 View FIGURES 551–559 . Abdominal terga with brown, ochre and/or colorless areas forming characteristic pattern; each tergum II–VI with unpaired, median blank; among them, each tergum II–III and V–VI with pair of large, transverse blanks located posteriad-laterad of medioposterior sigilla; among them, terga III and V with more anterior pair of transverse blanks located laterad of medioanterior sigilla; on terga II and IV blanks occupy most part of tergum; terga VII–VIII mostly light (from colorless to light brown), with posterior and/or anterior margins bordered by darker brown; terga IX–X mostly brown ( Figs 535, 537–538 View FIGURES 534–540 ); medio-anterior and medioposterior sigilla lighter than background ( Fig. 540 View FIGURES 534–540 ). In some individuals coloration of abdominal terga mostly dark, and blanks not expressed. In some individuals brown areas either more extensive, or less contrasting than in Figs 535–538 View FIGURES 534–540 . Caudalii light brownish ( Fig. 541 View FIGURES 541–550 ).

HYPODERMAL COLORATION: Reddish-brown stripe on posterior margin of metanotum and on each abdominal tergum ( Fig. 539 View FIGURES 534–540 ).

SHAPE: Labrum subrectangular, either equally wide at base and near apex, or slightly wider at base ( Fig. 544 View FIGURES 541–550 ). Mandibles ( Figs 542–543 View FIGURES 541–550 ): incisor of left mandible terminated with 4 denticles decreasing from most distal to most proximal; incisor of right mandible terminated with 3 denticles of subequal width, without 4th denticle; left and right incisors with outer-ventral denticle; prostheca of left mandible with 3 blunt processes and 3 pointed processes; prostheca of right mandible directed medially or medially-proximally, bifurcate, with longest branch directed proximally; median margin of right mandible proximad of prostheca with short seta-like processes. Maxillary palp nearly as long as lacinia, 2-segmented, with 2nd much longer than 1st segment ( Fig. 549 View FIGURES 541–550 ).

Pronotum without protuberances (in contrast to C. ingridae ). Metanotum with extremely small vestiges of hind protoptera (28 exuviae examined). Forelegs longest, hind legs shortest; on fore leg tarsus (measured on outer side) as long as tibia; on middle and hind legs tarsus slightly shorter than tibia ( Figs 551–553 View FIGURES 551–559 ). All femora parallel-sided, outer margin straight or slightly concave, inner margin slightly convex. Foreleg without patella-tibial suture, middle and hind legs with patella-tibial suture greatly shifted to apex of tibia ( Figs 560–563 View FIGURES 560–565 ) [see Centroptella s. l. (2)]. Claw with two rows of 1–5 denticles in each ( Figs 547–548 View FIGURES 541–550 ) [see Chopralla (2)].

Denticles on posterior margins of abdominal terga and sterna flat (not conic). Terga I–VIII without denticles; tergum IX with long triangular denticles interrupted medially, behind pair of submedian setae ( Fig. 564 View FIGURES 560–565 ). Posterior projection of tergum X without denticles on median part, laterally with paired groups of 3–4 moderately long denticles ( Fig. 550 View FIGURES 541–550 ). Sterna I–IV without denticles; sterna V–VIII with regular, small, pointed, triangular denticles). Posterior margin of sternum IX in female convex, with row of triangular denticles diminished medially ( Fig. 565 View FIGURES 560–565 ), in male without denticles between protogonostyli ( Fig. 571 View FIGURES 571–574 ). Paraprocts with thin and colorless antero- median apodeme, with large pointed denticles on posterior margin ( Fig. 550 View FIGURES 541–550 ).

Tergalius I narrow, elongate-ellipsoid; other tergalii wider, gradually changing in shape from tergalius II to tergalius VII ( Figs 584–590 View FIGURES 584–597 ). Each tergalius II–VII, besides costal and anal ribs, with straight and narrow middle rib, located on dorsal surface on background of main trachea (see Centroptella s. l.).

Enlarged denticles on outer side of cercus not large (reaching or not reaching midlength of next segment), located on every 2nd or every 4th segment and arranged by 1–3 on each side of secondary swimming setal row [see Centroptella s. l. (3)] ( Fig. 541 View FIGURES 541–550 ).

SCALES: Scales on pronotum, mesonotum and protoptera short (with sockets 3–4 mkm and length 4–5 mkm). Femora, tibiae and tarsi densely covered with colorless, short, oval scales (sockets 5–6 mkm). Scales on abdominal terga numerous, elongate, oval, with longitudinal striation ( Fig. 564 View FIGURES 560–565 ). Scales on abdominal sterna, thoracic pleura and metanotum shorter and partly colorless ( Fig. 565 View FIGURES 560–565 ).

STOUT SETAE: Outer side of femur with regular row of 6–11 long, clavate setae and 2 subapical setae of same form ( Figs 551–553 View FIGURES 551–559 ). Inner-anterior side of each femur with small (10–15 mkm length), stout, blunt setae; no longer setae on inner-anterior side of fore femur. Tibia and tarsus with stout setae on inner side ( Figs 560–563 View FIGURES 560–565 ). Outer-apical seta of tibia small, blunt and elongate ( Figs 560–563 View FIGURES 560–565 ).

LONG, FINE SETAE: Bifurcate setae of metasternum (j) (see Centroptella s. l.) form pair of dense, regular rows partly with contiguous sockets (as in Fig. 517 View FIGURES 512–517 ). Posterior arm of U-shaped row of long setae on fore- and middle leg situated across tibia, on hind leg longitudinal ( Figs 560–563 View FIGURES 560–565 ) [see Chopralla (1)]. Dorsal side of each tarsus with long, fine setae situated irregularly and partly forming two longitudinal rows ( Figs 562–563 View FIGURES 560–565 ) [see Centroptella s. l.). Tergum VII with pair of fine, V-shaped setae sublaterally (g) (as in Fig. 406 View FIGURES 404–406 ). Each sternum IV–V with pair of regular, transverse rows of long, fine, bifurcate setae with spaced sockets (j); other sterna either without such setae, or with few setae irregularly situated.

MALE GENITALIA IN LARVA: In last larval instar, developing subimaginal gonostyli folded under larval cuticle in « Nigrobaetis - type » pose, with 2nd segment bent by convexity medially, and 3rd segment directed caudally ( Fig. 571 View FIGURES 571–574 ) [see Chopralla (5)].

RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS: Tergalii able to make rhythmic respiratory movements.

Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION: Head and antennae colorless, with microtrichia dark brown. Pronotum light brownish. Mesonotum light brown with certain sutures darker and medioparapsidal suture colorless ( Fig. 668 View FIGURES 667–669 ). Thoracic sterna and pleura with brown and colorless areas; legs light brownish, nearly colorless ( Figs 669–670 View FIGURES 667–669 View FIGURES 670–672 ). Wings light, without brown circles at bases of microtrichia. Abdominal terga light brownish, sterna and cerci nearly colorless.

HYPODERMAL COLORATION: As in imago, see below.

TEXTURE: On all legs of both sexes all tarsal segments entirely covered with pointed microlepides (as in Fig. 391 View FIGURES 387–392 ).

Imago, male ( Fig. 566 View FIGURES 566–570 ). Head ochre with reddish- brown. Turbinate eyes relatively high and wide, entirely orange. Thorax contrastingly darker (ochre with reddish-brown) in dorsal half and lighter (pale ochre) in ventral half. Wing with membrane colorless, veins pale ochre or colorless, extreme base of costal and subcostal veins proximad of costal brace brownish. Legs either entirely pale ochre ( Fig. 566 View FIGURES 566–570 ), or tinged with reddish: femora with reddish apically, middle and hind tibiae with longitudinal reddish stripe (as in female— Figs 578–580 View FIGURES 575–580 ). Tarsus of middle and hind legs with 1 apical spine on initial 3rd tarsomere (next after 1st+2nd tarsomere) (as in female— Figs 579–580 View FIGURES 575–580 ). Abdominal terga I–VI whitish or light ochre, terga VII–VIII reddish, terga IX–X ochre; each tergum I–VIII with narrow, contrasting, reddish-brown stripe on posterior margin; sterna whitish or ochre ( Fig. 567 View FIGURES 566–570 ). Cerci unicolor pale ochre.

Genitalia ( Fig. 572 View FIGURES 571–574 ). Sterno-styligeral muscle slender and paired [see Chopralla (7)]. Gonostylus with inner margin of 1st segment forming blunt angle; 2nd segment thickest at middle; 3rd segment elongate, not thickened apically. Penial bridge medially with sclerotized, conic projection ( Fig. 574 View FIGURES 571–574 ). Gonovectes shallowly bent S-like, i.e. with apices bent cranially; membrane adjacent to their apices forming unpaired sack ( Fig. 572 View FIGURES 571–574 ).

Imago, female ( Figs 575–580 View FIGURES 575–580 ). Coloration of head, thorax, legs, wings, cerci and abdominal sterna as in male. Abdominal terga contrastingly darker than sterna: each tergum II–VIII extensively colored with reddish and ocher, with narrow reddish-brown stripe on posterior margin. Patella-tibial suture present on middle and hind legs, absent on forelegs [as in male; see Centroptella s. l. (2)]. Tarsus of each leg with 1 apical spine on initial 3rd tarsomere (on foreleg—on tarsomere next after 2nd tarsomere, on middle and hind leg—on tarsomere next after 1st+2nd tarsomere) (as in Figs 308–309 View FIGURES 308–315 ).

Egg ( Figs 581–583 View FIGURES 581–583 ). Oval; chorion with small, shallow cavities forming isoedric net-like relief; minute pores, if present, surround cells of this net. Sperm guide wide, occupying several cell of net-like relief.

Dimension. Fore wing length 4.0– 4.5 mm (male).

Distribution. Sunda Islands: Java and Lombok ( Indonesia).

Comparison. Larva of Cenroptella (Chopralla) rufostriata sp. n. resembles C. (Ch.) ceylonensis and C. (Ch.) pusilla in having a row of denticles on posterior margin of abdominal tergum IX only and in lacking denticles on median part of abdominal tergum X. It can be distinguished from these species by denticles on the trapezoid projection of tergum X ( Fig. 550 View FIGURES 541–550 ), which are larger than in C. pusilla , but smaller and more numerous (usually 3 on each side) than in C. ceylonensis (which usually has one large denticle on each side).

Male imago of C. rufostriata sp. n. differs from C. ceylonensis by absence of extensive reddish coloration on abdominal terga I–VI and by triangular median projection of penial bridge ( Fig. 574 View FIGURES 571–574 ). In contrast to other species, male imago of C. rufostriata sp. n. has unusual unpaired membranous sack connected with apices of gonovectes ( Fig. 572 View FIGURES 571–574 ).