Archenopterus Otte, 1987

Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, Anso, Jérémy & Jourdan, Hervé, 2016, Crickets of New Caledonia (Insecta, Orthoptera, Grylloidea): a key to genera, with diagnoses of extant genera and descriptions of new taxa, Zoosystema 38 (4), pp. 405-452 : 438-440

Genus Archenopterus Otte, 1987

Archenopterus Otte in Otte et al., 1987: 439.

Adenopterus Archenopterus – Gorochov 2003: 299.

TYPE SPECIES. — Archenopterus gressitti Otte, 1987 by original designation.

ILLUSTRATIONS. — Habitus: Figs 13F , 14A ; Otte et al. 1987: fig. 39. Male genitalia: Fig. 14 D-G; Otte et al. 1987: figs 42- 44. Calling songs: Otte et al. 1987: fig. 45; Anso et al. 2016a: fig. 23.

EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. — See Table 5. Color pattern quite uniform. Body looking flattened in males, because of FW development and shape. HWs truncate. Ocelli of medium size, the median slightly smaller. Pronotum well narrowed anteriorly. TI with oval, well developed and obliterate inner and outer tympana; three (rarely two) apical spurs. FI not enlarged. TII with four (sometimes very small) apical spurs. TIII with five inner and five outer subapical spurs; outer spurs 1 to 3 very close. TIII serrulated; spines numerous, small and of regular size. Basitarsomeres III with one row of dorsal spines; neither high, nor flattened.

Male. FWs with a well-developed stridulum; tegminal glands developed. Subgenital plate with thin and acute apex. Male genitalia symmetrical or asymmetrical; pseudepiphallic sclerite longer than wide, convex; pseudepiphallic parameres rectangular, widened or not, with two distal spines; ectophallic fold long and thin; dorsal cavity well-developed, twisted.

Female. Subgenital plate wider than long; distal margin bisinuate. Female genitalia: copulatory papilla small, hardly sclerotized, cylindrical.

DISTRIBUTION. — Endemic to New Caledonia.

HABITAT. — Nocturnal species living in tree canopy, in forest and preforest vegetation ( Anso et al. 2016a).

REMARK

The monophyly of this genus is not attested and should be checked.

Archenopterus adamantus Desutter-Grandcolas , n. sp. ( Figs 8C ; 14 ; Table 6)

TYPE LOCALITY. — New Caledonia, Mont Panié, Wewec.

TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. New Caledonia, Grande Terre , Mont Panié, Wewec, 20°35’39.46”S, 164°43’40.40”E, 420 m, 1 ♂, 6-11. XI.2010, jour, fn 213, collected by beating, F. Legendre, molecular sample LDG 492 (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3966).

ETYMOLOGY. — Species named after the shape of male FWs, with few, wide cells, recalling a gemstone (adamas, -antis, lat. diamant).

DIAGNOSIS. — Species fitting Archenopterus by the shape of the pronotum (well-narrowed anteriorly), the four apical spurs of TII (with outer spurs very small), the tegminal gland in males, the short and inflated pseudepiphallic parameres in male genitalia. Species ressembling Adenopterus by the number of TI apical spurs and by the lack of a stridulum. Species similar to the Australian genus Riatina Otte & Alexander, 1983 by the stridulatory device (file present, harp small with few, oblique and parallel veins, no mirror) and its welldeveloped inner and outer tympana, but differing from that genus at least by the shape of the pronotum, the length of its legs and its male genitalia. Archenopterus adamantus Desutter-Grandcolas , n. sp. is otherwise characterized by the relative size of its tympana (inner bigger than outer); its very thin and elongate body and legs; its thin, trapezoidal pronotum; the regular distribution of subapical spurs in TIII apical mid length; the large cells between longitudinal veins on male FWs; and the features of male genitalia (dorsal cavity not twisted, pseudepiphallic parameres short and widely inflated with a long and acute apical process).

REMARK

Archenopterus adamantus Desutter-Grandcolas , n. sp. shows alltogether original characters, and characters reminding several podoscirtine genera, showing the high diversity of Podoscirtinae in New Caledonia. It is close to Archenopterus hemiphonus Otte, 1987 and Archenopterus bouensis Otte, 1987 , as shown by their male genitalia (pseudepiphallic parameres short and inflated: see Otte et al. 1987: fig. 44) and male FW venation (see Otte et al. 1987: fig. 41F for A. hemiphonus ), from which it differs by coloration, size and genitalia. As argued above, phylogeny will be necessary to test the monophyly of New Caledonian podoscirtines, especially related to other non caledonian genera, and so help proposing monophyletic generic entities: New Caledonian species may belong to one diversified clade endemic to the Territory, or to several monophyletic genera representing several independent colonisations of New Caledonia.

DESCRIPTION

Thin, middle sized species ( Fig. 14A ). Head small, triangular and wider than high in front view; wider than pronotum anterior part ( Fig. 14B ). Eyes small, but highly protruding. Fastigium well-developed, triangular and narrowed toward apex, but more narrow than scape apically; flat, contrasting with the somewhat convex head dorsum. Three large ocelli, the median somewhat smaller than the lateral ones, subapical. Maxillary palpi short and pusbescent; joints 3 and 5 subequal, joint 4 smaller; joint 5 truncated over four fifth of its length and somewhat triangular ( Fig. 8C ). Pronotum narrowed in front; DD anterior margin straight, posterior margin bisinuate ( Fig. 14B ); LL high, with short anterior and posterior angles; with rounded angles; anterior part raised dorsally; with a distinct longitudinal groove before LL posterior angle, deeply impressing LL posterior part. Legs all long and very thin. TI with a large outer tympanum and a large inner tympanum, the inner longer and deeper than the outer; both obliterate; with two apical spurs, ventral. TII with four apical spurs, inners long, outer spurs very small. TIII longer than FIII; with five outer and five inner subapical spurs, all slightly alternate, regularly spaced over TIII distal length; inner spurs on one hand, and outer spurs on the other almost equal in size, but outers shorter than inners. TIII with three inner and three outer apical spurs; inner spurs longer than outer spurs; median spur slightly the longest on outer side; dorsal spur the longest on inner side. Tarsi all very short; basitarsomeres III short, with one row of dorsal spines, on outer side.

Coloration ( Fig. 14A, B )

Variegated yellowish brown and dark brown; head brown; LL and a longitudinal band on DD brown; legs light yellow with few brown rings on tibiae and femora. Cerci yellowish.

Male FWs extending well beyond abdomen tip, rounded distally ( Fig. 14A ). HWs well longer than FWs. Tegminal gland present, wide with a small thicket of strong setae ( Fig. 14B, C ). No complete stridulum, but a clear transverse vein ( Fig. 14B ); dorsal field overwise with six longitudinal veins separated by transverse veins that delimit large rectangular cells ( Fig. 14A ). Lateral field with few oblique and transverse veins, delimiting squared cells. Subgenital plate long; apex narrowed and acute.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 14 D-G)

Symmetrical. Pseudepiphallic sclerite longer than wide, convex; apex raised as a high process with strong setae on ventral side; lateral lobes smaller, flat, with few strong setae on their margins dorsally, separated from main part of pseudepiphallic sclerite by a deep gutter. Pseudepiphallic parameres short, as inflated, rounded and hollowed, each with a long, convex and acute distal spine. Rami straight, wide, shorter than pseudepiphallic sclerite. Ectophallic apodemes short, only slightly projecting from pseudepiphallic sclerite anterior margin. Ectophallic fold extending beyond pseudepiphallic parameres, largely sclerotized dorsally and laterally. Dorsal cavity short and low, not twisted.

Female

Unknown.

Figures

FIG. 13. — New Caledonian Podoscirtinae (Gryllidae). A, Calscirtus amoa Otte, 1987, from Col d’Amieu, adult hiding during the day in a gallery dug in a dead branch (Photo PG); B, Calscirtus sp., juvenile, from Lifou (Loyalty Islands), by night (Photo PG); C, Matuanus caledonicus (Saussure, 1878), male, from Monts Koghi (Photo HJ); D, Matuanus elegans Otte, 1987, female, from Col d’Amieu (Photo PG); E, Adenopterus sp., female (Photo PG); F, Archenopterus bouensis Otte, 1987, male, from Parc Provincial de la Rivière Bleue; G, Pixipterus mou Desutter-Grandcolas, 2016, male, from Mont Mou. Scales bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 14. — Archenopterus adamantus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (Gryllidae, Podoscirtinae). A, habitus, male holotype, hindtibia glued dorsal side down, not remounted for sake of specimen fragility; B, head, pronotum and FW base of male holotype, FW gland shown with arrow; C, FW gland of male holotype (arrow); D-G, genitalia of male holotype, in dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F, G) views. Scale bar: 1 mm. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

FIG. 8. — A-C, Maxillary palpi of Orintia cornuta Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (A), Caledonina chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (B) and Archenopterus adamantus Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (C); D, Hind tibia spurs of C. chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp.; E, F, male subgenital plate of Orintia cornuta Desutter- Grandcolas, n. sp. (E) and C. chopardi Desutter-Grandcolas, n. sp. (F). Scale bar: 1 mm.