Eutichurus Simon, 1897

Casas, Cristian M., Villarreal-Blanco, Eduardo, Morales, Adriana, Osorio, Carlos & Martínez, Leonel, 2025, Unveiling the diversity of Eutichurus Simon, 1897 (Araneae: Cheiracanthiidae) in Colombia: new species, records and comments on their distribution, Zootaxa 5691 (3), pp. 399-448 : 401-403

Eutichurus Simon, 1897

Eutichurus Simon, 1897a: 501 ; 1897b: 88, 89;

(formal description and designation of the type species, E. ferox Simon, 1897 )

; Bonaldo 1994: 107; Bonaldo et al. 2018; World Spider Catalog 2025.

Diagnosis and description. For diagnosis and description of the genus, see Bonaldo (1994) and Bonaldo et al. (2018).

Composition. 38 species: E. abiseo Bonaldo, 1994 , E. arnoi Bonaldo, 1994 , E. chicaque sp. nov., E. chingliputensis Majumder & Tikader, 1991 , E. cumbia Bonaldo & Ramírez, 2018 , E. cuzco Bonaldo, 1994 , E. ferox Simon, 1897 , E. furcifer Kraus 1955 , E. ibiuna Bonaldo, 1994 , E. itamaraju Bonaldo, 1994 , E. keyserlingi Simon 1897 , E. lizeri Mello-Leitão, 1938 , E. luisdiazi sp. nov., E. luridus Simon, 1897 , E. madre Bonaldo, 1994 , E. manu Bonaldo, 1994 , E. marquesae Bonaldo, 1994 , E. meta sp. nov., E. murgai Bonaldo & Lise, 2018 , E. muisca sp. nov., E. nancyae Bonaldo & Saturnino, 2018 , E. pallatanga Bonaldo, 1994 , E. paredesi Bonaldo & Saturnino, 2018 , E. putus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898 , E. ravidus Simon, 1897 , E. saylapampa Bonaldo, 1994 , E. sigillatus Chickering, 1937 , E. silvae Bonaldo, 1994 , E. tendetza Peñaherrera, Campoverde, Molina & Heredia, 2024, E. tequendama Bonaldo & Lise, 2018 , E. tezpurensis Biswas, 1991 , E. tibacuy sp. nov., E. tropicus ( Koch 1866) , E. valderramai Bonaldo, 1994 , E. yalen Bonaldo, 1994 , E. yariguies sp. nov., E. yungas Bonaldo & Ramírez, 2018 , E. zarate Bonaldo, 1994 .

Distribution. Costa Rica, El Salvador, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Brasil, Uruguay and Argentina ( Bonaldo et al. 2018). The World Spider Catalog (2025) includes three additional species, regarded by Bonaldo et al. (2018) as misplaced in the genus, two from India, E. chingliputensis Majumder & Tikader, 1991 and E. tezpurensis Biswas, 1991 , and one from Colombia, E. keyserlingi Simon, 1897 . These species have not yet been formally assigned to other genera.

Key to species of Eutichurus (updated from Bonaldo et al. 2018)

1). Males (those of E. manu , E. saylapampa , E. yariguies sp. nov., and E. tendetza unknown)........................... 2 Females (those of Eutichurus meta sp. nov., E. abiseo , E. cuzco , E. pallatanga , and E. yalen , unknown)............... 33

2(1). Retrolateral tibial apophysis represented by a single branch ( Figs 2B–C , 13B–C ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 19, 29, 38, 48, 56, 64). 3 Retrolateral tibial apophysis bifid or trifid ( Figs 15B–C , 16B–C ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 34, 66, 76, 86, 91)................ 24

3(2). Retrolateral tibial apophysis tuberculate, with a small apical projection ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 56, 57)........ E. furcifer Kraus Retrolateral tibial apophysis otherwise ( Figs 7B–C , 4B–C ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 19, 29, 38, 48, 64)..................... 4

4(3). Retrolateral tibial apophysis short, excavated, MA with a longitudinal median keel ( Fig 4B–C ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 43, 45, 48, 49)................................................................................................. 5 Retrolateral tibial apophysis long, not excavated, MA without such keel ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 19, 22, 26, 29, 35, 38, 62).... 7

5(4). Embolus without a sharp prolateral process ( Fig. 4A–B ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 48, 49)............... E. valderramai Bonaldo Embolus with a sharp prolateral process ( Figs 11A–C , 14A–D ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 43, 44)........................... 6

6(5). Prolateral process of embolus small, located medially ( Fig. 11A–B ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 43–45)....... E. tropicus (L. Koch) Prolateral process of embolus long, located basally ( Fig. 6A–B )............................. E. andresgarcia sp. nov.

7(4). Embolar base fused to the tegulum ( Bonaldo 1994: fig. 35).................................................... 8 Embolus articulated, connected to the tegulum by a membrane ( Fig. 13B ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 19, 22, 30, 26, 38, 62)....... 9

8(7). Embolus with lamellar tip ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 35, 36).......................................... E. abiseo Bonaldo Embolus filiform ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 1, 2).................................. E. paredesi Bonaldo & Saturnino

9(7). Embolus with a small, retrolateral sub-apical process ( Fig. 13B–C , Bonaldo 1994: figs 62, 63; Laborda & Simó 2015: fig. 1A)............................................................................................... 10 Embolus without any process ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 5, 10; Bonaldo 1994: figs 19, 22, 26) or with a prolateral process (Figs 13A–C, 14A–D; Bonaldo 1994: figs 30, 39)............................................................... 11

10(9). Palpal tibia long, about the same length as the cymbium, embolus filiform with a non-pointed prolateral process ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 62, 63; Laborda & Simó 2015: fig. 1A)........................................... Eutichurus ibiuna Bonaldo Palpal tibia short, less than half the length of the cymbium, embolus laminar with an apical notch and a pointed, spur-shaped retrolateral process ( Figs 13A–C , 14A–D )............................................... Eutichurus meta sp. nov.

11(9). Embolus with a prolateral process ( Fig. 11A–B, D ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 16, 21, 28; Bonaldo 1994: figs 30, 39)...... 12 Embolus without process ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 19, 22, 26).................................................... 19

12(11). Median apophysis strongly sculptured, with several conspicuous sulci ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 29, 31)........ E. cuzco Bonaldo Median apophysis not strongly sculptured ( Figs 11B–C, 11B–C ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 15, 20, 27, 58; Bonaldo 1994: figs 38, 40)............................................................................................. 13

13(12). Embolar prolateral process inserted medially ( Figs 11B–C, 11B–C ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 28; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 39)... 14 Embolar prolateral process inserted sub-apically ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 21, 59)................................ 16

14(13). Median prong of MA short ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 38, 40; Ramírez 2014, fig. 147A, C)................ E. lizeri Mello-Leitão Median prong of MA long ( Figs 11B–C, 11B–C ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 27, 29)................................. 15

15(14). Embolar prolateral process laminar, very wide, not filiform; RTA straight in retrolateral view, not notched ( Figs 11B–C, 11B– C).................................................................................. E. luisdiazi sp. nov. Embolar prolateral process conspicuous; tip of MA small; RTA broadened medially, without an oblique keel ( Fig. 6A–B ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 27–29)........................................................ E. marquesae Bonaldo

16(13). Embolus narrow and long relative to tegulum ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 20, 21, 23, 24)............................. 17 Embolus wide and short relative to tegulum, MA less developed, distinctly smaller than the embolus ( Figs 8A–C , 9A–C ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 58–59)........................................................................ 18

17(16). Median prong of MA with a pair of apical projections ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 20, 22)..... E. tequendama Bonaldo & Lise Median prong of MA without apical projections ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 23, 25)..................... E. madre Bonaldo

18(16). RTA narrow and long; pars pendula present; MA without median prong ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 58–60)..................................................................................... E. nancyae Bonaldo & Saturnino, 2018 RTA wide and short; pars pendula absent; MA with median prong ( Figs 8A–C , 9A–C )................ E. muisca sp. nov.

19(11). Embolus flattened; prolateral margin of MA with transversal ridges ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 26, 28).......... E. yalen Bonaldo Embolus conic, MA without transversal ridges ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 5, 10; Bonaldo 1994: figs 19, 22)............. 20

20(19). RTA expanded distally ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 6, 11)...................................................... 21 RTA tapering toward apex ( Figs 1A–C , 2A–D ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 20, 23)....................................... 22

21(20). Conductor hyaline ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 4).......................................... E. murgai Bonaldo & Lise Conductor partially sclerotized ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 9)....................................... E. zarate Bonaldo

22(20). RTA gradually tapering from base; embolus inserted basally ( Figs 1A–C , 2A–D ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 19, 20)............ 23 RTA abruptly tapering from distal third; embolus inserted medially ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 22, 23).......... E. silvae Bonaldo

23(22). RTA with a laminar small medial projection on internal margin; MA tapering to apex ( Figs 1A–C , 2A–D ).. E. arnoi Bonaldo RTA without projections; MA widening and not pointed apically ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 19–20).............. E. ferox Simon

24(2). RTA bifid ( Fig. 25A–C ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 14, 17; Bonaldo 1994: figs 34, 67, 76)............................ 25 RTA trifid ( Figs 16B–C , 17C–D , 6B–C ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 86, 91)............................................ 30

25(24). RTA divided medially; median prong of MA present ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 17; Bonaldo 1994: figs 32, 34)........... 26 RTA divided basally; median prong of MA absent ( Fig. 25A–C ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 14; Bonaldo 1994: figs 67, 72, 76)................................................................................................... 27

26(25). Embolus without prolateral process, tapering distally ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 32, 33)................. E. pallatanga Bonaldo Embolus with prolateral process, distally wide ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 15, 16)............ E. yungas Bonaldo & Ramírez

27(25). Embolus conic, without processes ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 75, 76).................................... E. luridus Simon Embolus flattened, with prolateral process ( Fig. 25A–C ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 13; Bonaldo 1994: figs 65, 70)........ 28

28(27). MA long, apex prolaterally oriented; dorsal prong of RTA shorter than ventral ( Fig. 25A–C ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 12, 14)........................................................................... E. cumbia Bonaldo & Ramírez MA short, apex oriented proximally; prongs of RTA similar in size ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 67, 72)...................... 29

29(28). Apex of embolar process acute; embolus apex apically oriented ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 65–67)............. E. ravidus Simon Apex of embolar process rounded; embolus apex prolaterally oriented ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 70–72)..... E. itajamaru Bonaldo

30(24). Apex of MA wide; embolar apex bifid ( Fig. 17A–D ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 89, 91)........... E. putus O. Pickard-Cambridge Apex of MA narrow; embolar apex trifid ( Figs 15A–C , 16B–C ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 84, 86).......................... 31

31(30). RTA with three pointed branches; prolateral branch of embolus poorly developed ( Fig. 19B–C ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 84, 86)..

................................................................................. E. sigillatus Chickering RTA with rounded branches; prolateral embolar branch well developed ( Figs 15A–C , 16A–C ).......... E. tibacuy sp. nov.

33(1). Epigynal posterior plates fused, with a longitudinal median suture ( Figs 24A–D , 15D–E , 16E–F ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 18; Bonaldo 1994: figs 41, 82, 87, 92)....................................................................... 34 Epigynal posterior plates not fused medially ( Fig. 11E–F ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 7, 52; Bonaldo 1994: figs 21, 46, 59, 68)................................................................................................... 40

36(34). Median field longer than wide; anterior margins of posterior plates W-shaped ( Figs 24A–D , 15D–E , 16E–F ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 87, 88)............................................................................................. 37 Median field as long as wide, without projection; anterior margins otherwise ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 82, 92).............. 39

38(37). Median field with median depression; anterior projections very elongate; stem of S2 thicker ( Figs 15D–E , 16E–F )..................................................................................................... E. tibacuy Median field without depression; stem of S2 thinner ( Fig. 24A–D )..................................... E. yariguies

40(33). Anterior projections reduced, inconspicuous ( Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 61)............... E. nancyae Bonaldo & Saturnino Anterior projections conspicuous ( Fig. 4D–E ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: figs 7, 52; Bonaldo 1994: figs 21, 46, 54)........... 41

43(42). Anterior projections larger or slightly smaller than posterior plates ( Fig. 4D–E ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 7; Bonaldo 1994: figs 21, 24, 46, 50, 52, 53)................................................................................. 44 Anterior projections distinctly smaller than posterior plates ( Figs 11E–F , 7E–F ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 52; Bonaldo 1994: figs 59, 68, 73, 77, 79, 80)................................................................................. 50

45(44). Posterior margin of anterior projections strongly procurved ( Fig. 26B ; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 52)....... E. saylapampa Bonaldo Posterior margin nearly straight ( Fig. 27A–B ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 7)..................... E. murgai Bonaldo & Lise

46(44). Median field subtriangular, bulging between anterior projections ( Fig. 2D–E ; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 53).............. E. arnoi Median field otherwise ( Fig. 7D–E ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 21, 24, 46, 50).......................................... 47

47(46). Median field squared; anterior projections truncated ( Fig. 7D–E ; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 46)..................... E. tropicus Median field longer than wide; anterior projections rounded ( Fig. 4D–E ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 21, 24, 50)............... 48

48(47). Apex of anterior projections rugose, strongly sclerotized ( Fig. 4D–E ; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 50).............. E. valderramai Apex smooth ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 21, 24)................................................................. 49

49(48). Median field plain anteriorly, with posterior longitudinal groove ( Fig. 4A–B ; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 24)............. E. silvae Median field concave anteriorly, without groove ( Fig. 26A )............................................... E. ferox

50(43). Each posterior plate with posterior-lateral excavation ( Bonaldo 1994: fig. 60)............................. E. furcifer Plates without excavations ( Figs 14D–E , 11E–F ; Bonaldo 1994: figs 68, 77, 79, 80)............................... 51

52(51). Median field as long as wide ( Fig. 23A–B ; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 68)....................................... E. ravidus Median field longer than wide ( Fig. 23C–D ; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 73).................................... E. itamaraju

53(51). Anterior projections not projected over posterior plates ( Figs 11E–F , 7E–F ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 52; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 80)................................................................................................ 54 Anterior projections projected over posterior plates ( Bonaldo 1994: figs 77, 79)................................... 56

54(53). Median field wide, anterior margin gently curved ( Peñaherrera-E et al. 2024: fig. 2C).... E. tendetza Peñaherrera et al., 2024 Median field narrow ( Figs 11E–F , 7E–F , 14D ; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 80)........................................... 55

55(54). Posterior plate subtriangular; stem of S2 elongated; S2 smaller ( Figs 11E–F , 7E–F )......................... E. luisdiazi Posterior plate globose; stem of S2 short and robust; S2 larger ( Fig. 12D–E ; Bonaldo et al. 2018: fig. 52; Bonaldo 1994: fig. 80)....................................................................................... E. marquesae

56(53). Anterior projections gently tapering ( Bonaldo 1994: fig. 77)............................................ E. luridus Anterior projections truncated ( Bonaldo 1994: fig. 79).................................................. E. madre

Figures

FIGURE 1A–D. Habitat and specimens of Eutichurus luisdiazi sp. nov.: A–B General view of the area and vegetation of La Guajira, Colombia (A landscape view, B vegetation view). Male C–D natural habitus (C juvenile specimen on a log, UARC: AR311), D adult dorsal view, UARC: A296).

FIGURE 2A−E. Eutichurus arnoi Bonaldo, 1994, male (UARC:AR199): A−C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Female (UARC: 205). D−E epigyne (D ventral, E dorsal view). Scale bar: A−C = 1mm; D−E = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4A–E. Eutichurus valderramai Bonaldo, 1994, Male (CEUA 142102): A–C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Female (CEUA 142103): D–E epigyne (D ventral, E dorsal view). Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6A–C. Eutichurus andresgarcia sp. nov., Male holotype (MPUJ_ENT0086801): A–C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Abbreviations: aMA—apices of MA; apMA—apices of median prong of MA; C—conductor; E—embolus; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; T—tegulum. Scale bar: A–C = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7A–E. Eutichurus tropicus (L. Koch, 1866) male (MPUJ_ENT 0070617): A–C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Female (MPUJ_ENT0087160): D–E epigyne (D ventral, E dorsal view). Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8A–C. Eutichurus muisca sp. nov., male holotype (IAvH-I-3129):A–C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Scale bar: A–C = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 9A–C. Eutichurus muisca sp. nov., male holotype (IAvH-I-3129):A–C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Abbreviations: C—conductor; E—embolus; MA—median apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bar: A– C = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 11A–F. Eutichurus luisdiazi sp. nov., male holotype (MPUJ_ENT0087171): A–D left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view, D detail of embolus). Female paratype (MPUJ_ENT0087170): E–F epigyne (E ventral, F dorsal view). Abbreviations: aMA—apices of MA; apMA—apices of median prong of MA; AP—anterior projection of lateral lobe; C— conductor; E—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; MA—median apophysis; MF—median field; PP—posterior plate of lateral lobe; ppE—prolateral process of the embolus; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; S1—primary spermathecae; S2—secondary spermathecae; SS2—stalk of S2. Scale bar: A–C = 1mm; D–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 12A–E. Eutichurus marquesae Bonaldo, 1994, male (ICN-Ar-9964) A–C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Female (IAvH-I-3128): D–E epigyne (D ventral, E dorsal view). Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13A–C. Eutichurus meta sp. nov., male holotype (MPUJ_ENT0070582): A−C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Scale bar: A–C = 1 mm.

FIGURE 14A–D. Eutichurus meta sp. nov., male holotype (MPUJ_ENT0070582): A−C left palp (A embolus, proventral view, B prolateral, C ventral, D retrolateral view).Abbreviations: C—conductor; E—embolus; MA—median apophysis; RTA— retrolateral tibial apophysis; rspE—retrolateral sub-apical process of the embolus. Scale bar: A–C = 1 mm.

FIGURE 15A–E. Eutichurus tibacuy sp. nov., male holotype (MPUJ_ENT0087167): A–C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Female paratype (MPUJ_ENT0087165): D–E epigyne (D ventral, E dorsal view). Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 16A–F. Eutichurus tibacuy sp. nov., male holotype (MPUJ_ENT0087167): A–D left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view, D detail of embolus). Female paratype (MPUJ_ENT0087165): E–F epigyne (E ventral, F dorsal view). Abbreviations: AP—anterior projection of lateral lobe; C—conductor; E—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; MA—median apophysis;MF—medianfield;PP—posteriorplateoflateral lobe;RTA—retrolateraltibialapophysis;S1—primaryspermathecae; S2—secondary spermathecae; SS2—stalk of S2; T—tegulum. Scale bar: A–F = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 17A–G. Eutichurus putus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898, specimens identified by Bonaldo (1994: 134), male (MCZ, Barro Colorado, Panama): A–E left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral, D proventral, E ventral view). Female (MCZ, Barro Colorado, Panama): epigyne (F ventral view). G specimen labels. Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 19A–F. Eutichurus putus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898, specimen identified by Bonaldo (1994: 134): male (MCZ, Mato Grosso, Brasil) A–E left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral, D proventral, E ventral view). F specimen label. Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 23A–G. Eutichurus sigillatus Chickering, 1937, specimens identified by Bonaldo Bonaldo (1994: 133), male (MCZ, Barro Colorado, Panama): A–E left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral, D proventral, E ventral view). Female (MCZ, Barro Colorado, Panama): F epigyne, ventral view. G specimen label. Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 24A–D. Eutichurus yariguies sp. nov., Female holotype (MPUJ_ENT0087164): A–D epigyne (A ventral, B dorsal view). C–D drawing of the epigyne (C ventral, D dorsal view). Abbreviations: AP—anterior projection of lateral lobe; FD—fertilization duct; MF—median field; PP—posterior plate of lateral lobe; S1—primary spermathecae; S2—secondary spermathecae; SS2—stalk of S2. Scale bar: A–C = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 25A–C. Eutichurus cumbia Bonaldo & Ramírez, 2018, male (MPUJ_ENT0087155): A–C left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral view). Scale bar: A–C = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 26A–F. Eutichurus furcifer Kraus, 1955, specimen identified by Bonaldo (1994:124), Male (MCZ, Costa Rica): A–E left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral, D proventral, E ventral view). Female (MCZ, Costa Rica) F epigyne, ventral view. Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 27A–E. Eutichurus furcifer Kraus, 1955, male (MCZ): A–E left palp (A prolateral, B ventral, C retrolateral, D proventral, E ventral view). Scale bar: A–E = 0.5 mm.