Deutonura zana, Deharveng, Louis, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Hamra-Kroua, Salah & Porco, David, 2015

Deharveng, Louis, Zoughailech, Abdelmalek, Hamra-Kroua, Salah & Porco, David, 2015, A new species of Deutonura (Collembola: Neanuridae: Neanurinae) from north-eastern Algeria, and characterisation of two intraspecific lineages by their barcodes, Zootaxa 3920 (2), pp. 281-290 : 282-288

Deutonura zana sp. nov.

Figs 1–9 ; Tabs 1 A, B

Type material. Holotype female and one paratype female on slides. Algeria: Massif of Edough. January 2003, moss on tree, Salah Hamra-Kroua leg. (ALG-HK03/EDIVb).

Six barcoded paratypes ( Tab. 1 ); two skins lost, four skins prepared on slides after barcode extraction (one female, three juveniles). Ibid. April 2009, litter of Quercus canariensis, Salah Hamra-Kroua leg. (ALG-HK09–07).

Six barcoded paratypes ( Tab. 1 ); six skins prepared on slides after barcode extraction (two subadult males, one male, three females). Ibid. March 2008, litter of Quercus canariensis, Salah Hamra-Kroua leg. (ALG-HK08–06).

One paratype female on slide. Ibid. January 2006, litter of Quercus canariensis, Salah Hamra-Kroua leg. (ALG-HK0601/2).

Five paratypes on slides (one male, one female, three juveniles). Ibid, near a spring. February 2004, moss on soil, Salah Hamra-Kroua leg. (ALG-HK04/ED2).

Two paratypes on slides (one male, one female). Ibid, near a spring. 6 January 2002, rotten wood, Salah Hamra-Kroua leg. (ALG-HK02/ED2).

Type material deposition. Holotype and nine paratypes (including the six skins of barcoded specimens from ALG-HK08–06) in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris, France); ten paratypes (including the four skins of barcoded specimens from ALG-HK09–07) in the Laboratoire de Biosystématique et Ecologie des Arthropodes (Université Constantine 1, Algeria).

Non-type material. Specimens of Collo massif West of Edough massif, the second area where D. zana sp. nov. occurs, are morphologically identical to those of Edough. They are however not considered as paratypes because they display a significant genetic divergence with specimens of Edough (see “barcode characterization” below for discussion).

Six barcoded specimens ( Tab. 1 ); one skin lost, five skins prepared on slides after barcode extraction (one male, three females, one juvenile) and deposited as vouchers in MNHN. Algeria: Massif of Collo, Azakor and Oueldja, March 2011, Berlese extraction, Salah Hamra-Kroua leg. (ALG-HK11–03).

Two specimens on slides (one female, one juvenile). Ibid, Zitouna, 24.04.2007, litter of Quercus suber, Salah Hamra-Kroua leg. (ALG-HK07-C1).

Three specimens on slide (two females, one subadult male). Ibid, Khnak Mayoun, 15.02.2013, decaying wood, Abdelmalek Zoughailech leg. (ALG-ZA13–04).

Etymology. The species name zana refers to zan oak (or zeen oak), a traditional arabic vernacular name of Quercus canariensis Pomel, which constitutes the dominant tree of the forest where Deutonura zana sp. nov. occurs.

Description. Length: 1.3–1.4 mm. Colour: blue. Habitus usual for the genus. Abd. VI well visible from above, weak cryptopygy ( Fig. 1 ). All tubercles well developed, indicated by reticulations and tertiary granules without or on very low papillae (except on the posterior part of tubercle Di of Abd. V), but with strong secondary granules. All dorsal chaetae integrated in tubercles, except D on head which is free ( Figs 2, 5 ). Dorsal ordinary chaetae of four types: long macrochaetae, short macrochaetae and, only on head, mesochaetae and microchaetae. Long macrochaetae long, robust, thick, finely rugose, sheathed, rounded ( Fig. 7 ) to abruptly narrowed and tapering apically; the most lateral ones pointed apically and not sheathed. Short macrochaetae similar to long macrochaetae, but shorter. Mesochaetae and microchaetae thin and acuminate, short, only present on the cephalic tubercles Oc and (L+So). S chaetae of tergites thin and long but much shorter than neighboring long macrochaetae; on Abd. V, Schaeta less than half the nearby macrochaeta. Pseudopores morphologically similar to muscular insertion areas, but with minute perforation-like dots. Pseudopore formula complete: one ventrally on each antennal basis; 1,1/1,1,1,1 from Th. II to Abd. IV by half-tergite, located antero-internally to tubercle De; one uneven posterior on Abd. II sternite; 1+1 posterior on Abd. III sternite; one uneven anterior on Abd. V sternite. Distribution of muscular insertions on tergites and sternites tentatively given on Figs 2 and 8 (a few may have been overlooked). They form a symmetrical pattern with clear partial serial homologies from Th. II to Abd. IV.

Antennae usual for the genus with S-chaetae long, thickened and subequal; chaeta d4 of Ant. III absent; apical vesicle of Ant. IV trilobed ( Fig. 3 ). Mouthparts reduced, mandible thin and tridentate, maxilla styliform. Buccal cone pointed, moderately long: labrum truncated, with ventro-distal sclerification not ogival, its distal edge with many microdenticles ( Fig. 4 ). Eyes black, 2+2.

Chaetotaxy and tubercle arrangement summarised in Figs 2 , 8 and Tab. 2. Elementary tubercles DE and EE absent on the cephalic tubercle Af; no granular plate between A and B; a single elementary tubercle between chaetae A ( Fig. 5 ). On Abd. V, Di1 is a thickened, long, bent macrochaeta, 1.5 to 1.8 as long as Di2. Chaeta Di3 at most 4.2 times shorter (in holotype) than Di1, usually much shorter or absent ( Fig. 6 ). Leg chaetotaxy summarised in Tab. 2. No tooth on claw; tibiotarsus with chaeta M present, ventral chaetae B4 and B5 moderately elongate ( Fig. 9 ). Male without modified chaetae ventrally.

Discussion. Deutonura zana sp. nov. is a species of the phlegraea group the most speciose group of the genus Deutonura , according to the following combination of characters (modified from Deharveng 1982): chaeta E on head located in the antenno-frontal tubercle, dorso-lateral tubercle on head triangular with an antero-internal elementary tubercle reaching the muscular insertion between Af and ocular plates, cryptopygy moderate, never complete.

Within the phlegraea group, D. zana sp. nov. is similar to D. deficiens meridionalis Deharveng, 1979 and to D. luberonensis Deharveng, 1982 by the following combination of characters: 2+2 ocelli; Af and CL tubercles not fused on head; elementary tubercles DE and EE not differentiated in Af, which has no granular area devoid of elementary tubercle between chaetae A and B; DL3 present on head; one chaeta Di on Th. I; chaeta De3 absent on tubercle De of Th. II; Abd. VI visible in dorsal view; chaeta Di2 longer than Di3 on Abd. V. The new species differs from D. deficiens meridionalis by the presence of a chaeta O on head. From D. luberonensis , it differs by the separation of Di and De tubercles on Th. I.

A. Cephalic chaetotaxy.

Chaetal group Tubercle Number of chaetae Type of chaetae Name of chaetae CL + 4 ML F

Mc G

Af + 11 ML B

Mc A,C,D,E,O Oc + 3 ML OCm

McorML OCp

mi OCa

Di + De + 4 ML Di1,De1 Mc Di2,De2 DL + 6 ML DL1,DL5

Mc DL2,DL3,DL4,DL6

L + So + 8 or 9 ML So1,L1,L4 Mc L2

me So 3 to 6 mi L3

Vi: 6

Ve: 8 or 9

Labrum: 2/2,4 Labium: 11, 0x Ant. I,II: 7,12 Ant. III: 17+5s Ant. IV: 12 mou+or+i+8s B. Postcephalic chaetotaxy (see Figs 2 and 8 ).

As usual among Neanurini , D. zana sp. nov. exhibits a small proportion of asymmetrical or abnormal specimens; on Abd. V, chaeta Di3 was a short mac in 5 specimens, a mic in 6 specimens and was not detected in 5 juvenile specimens.

The distribution of muscular insertions on tergites and sternites is tentatively given for D. zana sp. nov. on Figs 2 and 8 , with uncertainties regarding mostly lateral parts of head and body. Muscular insertion pattern has previously not been used in taxonomy, but is figured in the literature by Cassagnau (1990, 1993) for several Paleonurini . In particular, the drawings given for head, tergites and sternites of Nepalimeria dal Cassagnau, 1993 in the original description suggest both homologies and important differences in the distribution of these muscular insertions when compared to Deutonura zana sp. nov. This observation suggests that the distribution of muscular insertions on the body may provide additional specific characters when further investigated.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Deutonura zana sp. nov., habitus, to show colour is stable in all individuals.

FIGURES 2 – 5. Deutonura zana sp. nov.: 2, dorsal chaetotaxy; 3, dorsal chaetotaxy of Ant. III – IV; 4, labium; 5, central area of head (tubercles Af and CL). Dotted areas, muscular insertions (Fig. 2); black ovals, pseudopores (p, Fig. 2).

FIGURES 6 – 9. Deutonura zana sp. nov. (continued): 6, fused tubercles Di of Abd. V; 7, apex of Di 1 macrochaeta of Abd. V; 8, ventral chaetotaxy of abdominal sternites; 9, tibiotarsus and pretarsus of leg III. Dotted areas, muscular insertions (Fig. 8); black ovals, pseupores (p, Fig. 8).

Tables

TABLE 1. List of barcoded specimens. Bp, base pairs; nb, number

species	country	naturalregion	locality	field sample date code	collectors	sequences sample ID in BOLD (nb of bp)
Deutonura caerulescens	France	Provence	Toulon	17.12.2008 83-345	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 4020D02_83345
Deutonura caerulescens	France	Provence	Toulon	17.12.2008 83-345	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 4020D03_83345
Deutonura caerulescens	France	Provence	Toulon	17.12.2008 83-345	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 4020D04_83345
Deutonura caerulescens	France	Provence	Toulon	17.12.2008 83-345	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 4020D05_83345
Deutonura caerulescens	France	Provence	Toulon	17.12.2008 83-345	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 4020D06_83345
Deutonura caerulescens	France	Provence	Toulon	17.12.2008 83-345	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 4020D07_83345
Deutonura deficiens meridionalis	France	southern Alps	Peille	15.11.2008 06-158	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 00625F02_06158
Deutonura deficiens meridionalis	France	southern Alps	Peille	15.11.2008 06-158	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 00625F03_06158
Deutonura deficiens meridionalis	France	southern Alps	Peille	15.11.2008 06-158	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 00625F04_06158
Deutonura deficiens meridionalis	France	southern Alps	Peille	15.11.2008 06-158	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 00625F05_06158
Deutonura deficiens meridionalis	France	southern Alps	Peille	15.11.2008 06-158	Deharveng & Bedos	658[0n] 00625F06_06158
Deutonura gibbosa	France	northern Alps	Aspres-sur-Buech	0 4.11.2007 05-035	Deharveng & Bedos	609[0n] 2955H01_ALPtemp19
Deutonura gibbosa	France	northern Alps	Aspres-sur-Buech	0 4.11.2007 05-035	Deharveng & Bedos	617[2n] 2955H02_ALPtemp19
Deutonura gibbosa	France	northern Alps	Aspres-sur-Buech	0 4.11.2007 05-035	Deharveng & Bedos	562[0n] 2955H04_ALPtemp19
Deutonura gibbosa	France	northern Alps	Montaud	0 3.11.2007 38-036	Deharveng & Bedos	656[2n] 4020C09_38036
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Edough	Seraidi	March 2008 ALG-HK08-06	Hamra-Kroua	650[8n] 00613G03_ALGHK0806
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Edough	Seraidi	March 2008 ALG-HK08-06	Hamra-Kroua	646[12n] 00613G04_ALGHK0806
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Edough	Seraidi	April 2009 ALG-HK09-07	Hamra-Kroua	648[10n] 4016G03_ALGHK0907
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Edough	Seraidi	April 2009 ALG-HK09-07	Hamra-Kroua	652[5n] 4016G04_ALGHK0907
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Edough	Seraidi	April 2009 ALG-HK09-07	Hamra-Kroua	633[12n] 4016G06_ALGHK0907
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Edough	Seraidi	April 2009 ALG-HK09-07	Hamra-Kroua	647[4n] 4016G07_ALGHK0907
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Collo	Azakor and Oueldja	March 2011 ALG-HK11-03	Hamra-Kroua	653[0n] 10767C01_ALGHK1103
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Collo	Azakor and Oueldja	March 2011 ALG-HK11-03	Hamra-Kroua	658[0n] 10767C02_ALGHK1103
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Collo	Azakor and Oueldja	March 2011 ALG-HK11-03	Hamra-Kroua	658[0n] 10767C03_ALGHK1103
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Collo	Azakor and Oueldja	March 2011 ALG-HK11-03	Hamra-Kroua	658[0n] 10767C04_ALGHK1103
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Collo	Azakor and Oueldja	March 2011 ALG-HK11-03	Hamra-Kroua	658[0n] 10767C05_ALGHK1103
Deutonura zana sp. nov.	Algeria	Massif of Collo	Azakor and Oueldja	March 2011 ALG-HK11-03	Hamra-Kroua	634[0n] 10767C06_ALGHK1103