Chloeia flava ( Pallas, 1766 )

Yáñez-Rivera, Beatriz & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2022, Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas (Annelida, Amphinomidae), Zootaxa 5128 (4), pp. 503-537 : 516-517

Chloeia flava ( Pallas, 1766)

Fig. 6

Aphrodita flava Pallas, 1766: 97–102 , Pl. 8, Figs 7–11 .

Chloeia flava .– Horst 1912: 18–19, Pl. 7, Fig. 2 ; Fauvel 1953: 96, Fig. 46a; Day 1967: 124, Fig. 3.1r .

Type material. Type specimens were not deposited.

Additional material. [ USNM 46277 ] Kottayam, India, 12 Jul. 1970, D. K. Massey, coll. (5) . [ USMN 17480 ] Sulu Archipielago, Tumindao Island , R / V Albatross, Philippines Expedition, 25 Feb. 1908 (2).

Diagnosis. Chloeia with ventral cirri of similar size throughout body; bipinnate branchiae from chaetiger 4; dorsum with a round, blackish spot surrounded by pale areas per segment; chaetal bundles homogeneously pale.

Description. Best preserved specimen (USNM 46277) complete, 85 mm long, 15 mm wide, 38 chaetigers. Body fusiform; dorsal pigmentation pattern consists of a central dark brown circle or round spot per segment positioned towards posterior border of each segment, and brown pigmentation around the lateral side under branchiae and notochaetal lobes of prededent segments ( Fig. 6A, C ). Chaetae yellowish.

Prostomium semicircular with four black eyes, anterior eyes 2–3× larger than posterior ones ( Fig. 6B ). Median antenna arising from anterior caruncle region, longer than lateral antennae and palps. Caruncle with a V-shaped posterior margin (5.5 mm long); median lobe with about 30 folds. Lateral basal lobes spread, each with a similar number of folds, without pigmentation. Mouth ventral on chaetiger 3. Bipinnate branchiae from chaetiger 4, present throughout body.

Parapodia biramous. Notopodia with cirriform branchiae along chaetigers 1–4, progressively decreasing in size, subsequent chaetigers with branchiae bipinnate. Cirriform branchiae present in chaetiger 4 smaller than preceding ones. Neuropodia with second ventral cirri as long as contiguous ones.

Neurochaetae furcates; relative length of tines 1:3–1:4 ( Fig. 6D ). Notochaetae with serrated external border, short tine very short, like a spur ( Fig. 6E–G ). Serrated external border consists of few teeth (3–8) or border completely serrated with more than 20 denticles ( Fig. 6E–F ).

Remarks. The original description by Pallas (1766) is adequate with good illustrations, but does not include chaetal features, probably due to lack of microscopes without spheric aberrations. However, chaetal features were illustrated later by M’Intosh (1885). Thus, the delimitation of this species is rather settled, and several authors provided complete characterizations ( Horst 1912; Fauvel 1953; Day 1967). However, the record by Treadwell (1923) from San Francisquito Bay, Baja California, in the Gulf of California, is questionable because he only provided species name, without any comment about its appearance. Consequently, some illustrations of this species are herein provided to facilitate its identification and to avoid future misidentifications in Eastern Pacific waters. We think Treadwell might have found C. pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922 , which was described some time before his contribution was sent for publication (see below).

Distribution. Indian Ocean, in shallow water sediments.

Figures

FIGURE 2. Chloeia pinnata Moore, 1911, non-type specimens (LACM 992-39), epitokes, anterior end after cropping chaetae of right parapodia of chaetigers 1–3, after Methyl Green staining for caruncle.A. Smallest specimen (11 mm long), dorsal view. B. Same, lateral view. C. Same, after Metyhl Green staining. D. Medium-sized specimen (18 mm long), dorsal view. E. Same, lateral view. F. Same, after Methyl Green staining. G. Largest specimen (23 mm long), dorsal view. H. Same, lateral view. I. Same, after Methyl green. Scale bars: A, 0.25 mm; B, 0.33 mm; C, 0.26 mm; D, G, 0.29; E, 0.44 mm; F, 0.35 mm.

FIGURE 3. Chloeia entypa Chamberlin, 1919. A. Holotype (USNM 19346), ventral view; B. Prostomium and caruncle (Li: lips; MA: median antenna; ML: medial lobe; Pa: palps; PA: paired antenna). C. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. D. Neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. E. Notochaeta from first chaetiger. F. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. G. Holotype and original label (photo: Elizabeth Borda). Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 0.3 mm; C, D, 5 μm; E, 2 μm; F, 10 μm.

FIGURE 6. Chloeia flava (Pallas, 1766). A. Illustration of complete specimen from Pallas (1766). B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Pigmentation pattern from median segments (Photo: Elizabeth Borda). D. Neurochaeta from median chaetigers. E–G. Notochaetae, black arrows indicate position of spurs (Li: lips, LL: lateral (plicated basal) lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median (plicate) lobe, Pa: palps, PA: paired antennae). Scale bars: B, 2 mm; C, 1 mm; D–F, 20 μm; G, 10 μm.

FIGURE 7. Chloeia nuriae sp. n., holotype (EMU 13145). A. Dorsal view, recently collected. B. Anterior end, dorsal view. C. Prostomium and caruncle. D. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. E. Neurochaeta from same chaetiger 10. F. Notochaetae from first chaetiger. G. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. H. Pigmentation pattern from median segments. I. Posterior end with cirriform lobes. A, D–I. Holotype; B, C. Paratypes (ADC: accessory cirriform branchiae, Br: bipinnate branchiae, DC: dorsal cirri, Li: lips, LL: lateral lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median lobe, Pa: palps, PA: paired antennae). Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B, C, 1 mm; D, 20 μm; E, 15 μm; F, G, 50 μm; H, 2 mm; I, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 8. Chloeia paulayi sp. n. A. Holotype (UF 493), dorsal view, depressed by glass slide, after Methyl Green staining. B. Same, anterior region, dorsal view. C. Same, left lateral view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Paratype (UF 493b), anterior region, dorsal view. F. Same, close-up of anterior end. Scale bars: A, E 2.2 mm; B, F, 1.3 mm; C, 0.9 mm; D, 1.8 mm.

FIGURE 9. Chloeia paulayi sp. n. A. Holotype (UF 493), chaetiger 1, notochaetal tips. B. Paratype (UF 493b), chaetiger 16, notochaetae. C. Holotype, chaetiger 4, neurochaetae. Scale bars: A: 45 µm, B: 90 µm, C: 30 µm.

FIGURE 10. Chloeia pinnata Moore, 1911, holotype (USNM 16842).A,Anteriorend, dorsal view. B. Segment 3. C.Prostomium and caruncle. D. Segments 3 and 4. E. Pigmentation pattern from median segments. F. Neurochaeta from first chaetiger. G. Long neurochaeta from chaetiger 10. H. Short neurochaeta from same chaetiger. I. Notochaeta from first chaetiger, insert shows the serrated inner border. J. Notochaeta from chaetiger 10. C. Paratype, all other holotype; B, C. White arrows show branchiae (Li: lips, LL: lateral lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median lobe, Pa: palps, PA: paired antennae). Scale bars: A, C, D, 1 mm; B, E, 0.5 mm; F–H, 10 μm; I, 40 μm (inset 25 μm); J, 50 μm.

FIGURE 11. Chloeia pseudeuglochis Augener, 1922, holotype (ZMH V-7466). A. Dorsal view. B. Oblique, dorsal view. C. Anterior end, dorsal view. D. Labels. Scale bars: A, 0.5 mm; B, 0.4 mm; C, 0.7 mm (Photos: Alexandra Kerbl).