Liriomyza trifolii ( Burgess, 1880 )

Monteiro, Nilton Juvencio Santiago, Barbosa, Rodrigo Rendeiro & Esposito, Maria Cristina, 2019, Agromyzidae (Diptera: Schizophora) in the state of Pará: new species and new records in Brazil, Zootaxa 4624 (2), pp. 151-182 : 173-175

Liriomyza trifolii ( Burgess, 1880)

Oscinis trifolii Burgess, 1880: 201 .

Agromyza trifolii, Coquillett, 1898: 78 , Malloch, 1913: 278.

Liriomyza trifolii, de Meijere, 1925: 282 ; Hendel, 1931: 231; Frick, 1952: 405; 1959: 410; Spencer, 1965: 37; 1973b: 226; Stegmaier; 1966b: 75; Spencer & Stegmaier, 1973: 109; Spencer et al., 1992: 283.

Liriomyza phaseolunata, Frost, 1943: 256 ; Frick, 1952: 404; 1959: 408. Syn. Spencer & Steyskal, 1986.

Liriomyza alliovora, Frick, 1955: 88 ; 1959: 401. Syn. Spencer, 1973b: 64.

Diagnosis. Wing length 1.8–2.3 mm. Head, face and antenna yellow; mesonotum predominantly black, with dark spot reaching scutellum; scutellum yellow with one pair of brown anterolateral spots; calypter yellowish with margin brownish, fringe brown. Aedeagus (Fig. 309 and 310 in Lonsdale 2017): basiphallus slightly sclerotized; hypophallus small, flap-like, slightly sclerotized; mesophallus paler, narrow; distiphallus cup-like, fused to mesophallus, bearing two triangular projections distally.

Host–plants. This is a polyphagous specie with host–plants distributed in almost 150 botanic genera: Acan-thaceae— Peristrophe Ness. , Ruspolia Lindau. ; Alliaceae— Allium L.; Alstroemeriaceae— Alstroemeria L.; Ama-ranthaceae— Amaranthus L., Beta L., Celosia L., Chenopodium L., Pupalia Juss. , Spinacia L.; Anacardiaceae— Lannea A. Rich. ; Apiaceae— Anethum L., Anthriscus Pers. , Apium L., Daucus L., Hydrocotyle L., Pastinaca L., Petroselinum Hill. ; Apocynaceae— Asclepias L.; Asteraceae— Agerantum L., Ambrosia L., Arctium L. Artemisia L., Aster L., Baccharis L., Bellis L., Bidens L., Brachycome Cass. , Callistephus Cass. , Carthamus L., Centaurea L., Chrysantemum L., Cirsium Miller , Conoclinium DC., Conyza Less. , Dahlia Cav. , Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul., Dimorphotheca Moench. , Erechtites Raf. , Erigeron L., Eupatorium L., Flaveria Juss. , Gaillardia Foug. , Galinsoga Ruiz & Pavón , Gazania Gaertner , Gerbera L., Gnaphalium L., Helianthus L., Helichrysum Miller , Hymenopappus L’Hérit , Lactuca L., Launaea Cass. , Leucanthemum Miller , Melanthera J. P. Rohr. , Senecio L., Solidago L., Sonchus L., Spilanthes Jacq. , Tagetes L., Tanacetum L., Taraxacum Weber ex Wigg. , Tithonia Desf. ex Juss. , Tragopogon L., Lidax L., Vernonia Schreber , Xanthium L., Zinnia L.; Basellaceae— Basella L.; Brassicaceae— Brassica L., Capsella Medikus , Raphanus L., Thlaspi L.; Campanulaceae— Trachelium L.; Caprifoliaceae— Centranthus DC.; Caryophyllaceae— Dianthus L., Gypsophila L., Stellaria L.; Convolvulaceae— Ipomoea L.; Cucurbitaceae— Bryonia L., Citrullus Schrader , Cucumis L., Cucurbita L., Momordica L.; Euphorbiaceae— Ricinus L.; Fabaceae— Arachis L., Cajanus DC., Canavalia DC., Cassia L., Crotalaria L., Glycine Willd. , Lathyrus L., Medicago L., Melilotus Miller , Phaseolus L., Pisum L. Trifolium L., Trigonella L., Vicia L., Vigna Savi. ; Goodeniaceae— Scaevola L.; Iri-daceae— Gladiolus L.; Lamiaceae— Ajuga L., Holmskioldia Retz. , Lamium L., Moluccella L., Nepeta L., Ocimum L., Salvia L.; Malvaceae— Abelmoschus Medik , Gossypium L., Hibiscus L., Malva L.; Onagraceae— Fuchsia L.; Passifloraceae— Passiflora L.; Piperaceae— Peperomia Ruíz & Pavón , Piper L.; Plantaginaceae— Antirrhinum L., Chelone L., Linaria Miller , Plantago L.; Poaceae— Avena L., Hordeum L.; Polemoniaceae— Phlox L.; Polygonace-ae— Fallopia Adans , Polygonum L., Rumex L.; Portulacaceae— Portulaca L.; Primulaceae— Primula L.; Ranuncu-laceae— Anemone L., Ranunculus L.; Rosaceae— Agrimonia L., Crataegus L.; Sapindaceae— Cardiospermum L.; Scrophulariaceae— Capraria L.; Solanaceae— Capsicum L., Cestrum L., Datura L., Lycopersicon Miller , Petunia Juss. , Physalis L., Solanum L., Withania Pauquy. ; Tropaeolaceae— Tropaeolum L.Turneraceae— Piriqueta Aublet. ; Typhaceae— Typha L.; Verbenaceae— Lantana L., Verbena L.; Zygophyllaceae— Kallstroemia Scop. , Tribulus L.

Distribution. Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, Mexico, Peru, Saint-Martin, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Venezuela, Virgin Islands. Recorded in countries of Asia, Africa, Europe and Oceania ( CABI 2019).

Material examined. Brazil, Pará state, Belém: Campus de Pesquisa do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi , 1º26′56.3″S, 48º26′43.2″W, 29-I-1993, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (♂) ; same location, 18-XII-1992, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (2 ♂) ; same location, 18-XII-1992, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (♀) ; same location, 29-I-1993, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (3 ♂) ; same location, 29-I-1993, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (♀) ; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), 1º26′06.4″S, 48º26′58.1″W, 16-XII-1992, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (♂) ; same location, 08-I-1993, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (♂) ; same location, 16-XII-1992, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (♀) ; same location, 02-XII-1992, M.C. Esposito [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (♀) ; Universidade Federal do Pará ( UFPA), 1º28′17.2″S, 48º26′44.7″W, 20-VIII-2015, N. Monteiro [collector], ex leaf of Emilia sonchifolia (♀) .

Comments. According to Lonsdale (2011), this species can be easily differentiated from the other Liriomyza species of economic importance by the mesonotum with greyish pruinosity; the abdomen, pleuron, and legs more yellowish than in the other species; and the frons is yellow around the bases of the vertical setae. The male genitalia also help to differentiate this species from congeners.