Penthimia

Shobharani, M., Viraktamath, C. A. & Webb, M. D., 2018, Review of the leafhopper genus Penthimia Germar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from the Indian subcontinent with description of seven new species, Zootaxa 4369 (1), pp. 1-45 : 5-7

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4369.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:006FB6AF-D47F-4DFF-96C3-78B270D0FEA4
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5688416
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038EA103-FFA7-FFF2-FF0A-FA7D02F1FF44
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Penthimia
status

Treatment

Key to species of the genus Penthimia View in CoL of the Indian subcontinent

Males

Note. Female only of P. noctua View in CoL known.

1 Aedeagal shaft apex hooked ( Figs 99 View FIGURES 93–100 , 132 View FIGURES 127–133 )................................................................. 2

- Aedeagal shaft apex not hooked ( Figs 77 View FIGURES 71–78 , 124 View FIGURES 120–126 , 137 View FIGURES 134–141 ).......................................................... 4

2 Style with apophysis stout, rather straight ( Figs 140, 141 View FIGURES 134–141 ); apical hook of aedeagus slender ( Fig. 142 View FIGURES 142–147 )....... P. distanti Baker View in CoL

- Style with apophysis slender, uniformly curved in lateral aspect ( Figs 96 View FIGURES 93–100 , 130 View FIGURES 127–133 ); apical hook of aedeagus stout ( Figs. 99 View FIGURES 93–100 , 132 View FIGURES 127–133 )..................................................................................................... 3

3 Aedeagal shaft in basal 0.75 of uniform width, thereafter abruptly narrowed, lacking spicules and lateral serrated ledge ( Figs 132, 133 View FIGURES 127–133 )........................................................................ P. meghalayensis View in CoL sp. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft gradually narrowed from base to apex, with spicules and lateral serrated ledge ( Figs 99, 100 View FIGURES 93–100 ).................................................................................................... P. curvata View in CoL sp. nov.

4 Apical apophysis of style recurved, preapical lobe poorly developed ( Fig. 122 View FIGURES 120–126 ), subgenital plate broadly rounded at base ( Fig. 120 View FIGURES 120–126 )................................................................................. P. maculosa Distant View in CoL

- Apical apophysis of style curved laterally with well developed preapical lobe ( Figs 86 View FIGURES 79–92 , 151 View FIGURES 148–156 ), subgenital plate relatively narrow at base ( Figs 84 View FIGURES 79–92 , 150 View FIGURES 148–156 ).................................................................................. 5

5 Apical apophysis of style slender, long, finger-like, curved laterally with apex truncate ( Fig. 144 View FIGURES 142–147 ).... P. quadrinotata Distant View in CoL

- Apical apophysis of style not as above..................................................................... 6

6 Aedeagal shaft with subapical flanges on each side ( Fig. 76 View FIGURES 71–78 ).................................... P. attenuata Distant View in CoL

- Aedeagal shaft without subapical flanges................................................................... 7

7 Aedeagal shaft with broad dorsal keel ( Figs 152, 153 View FIGURES 148–156 )......................................................... 8

- Aedeagal shaft without broad dorsal keel ( Figs 162 View FIGURES157–163 , 169 View FIGURES 164–175 )......................................................9

8 Head black, pronotum, mesonotum and forewings orange brown, claval suture black ( Fig. 208, 209 View FIGURES 203–209 ); aedeagus relatively short and stout, less than 2.5 times as long as basal width of shaft in lateral view ( Fig. 206 View FIGURES 203–209 )..... P. melanocephala de Motschulsky View in CoL

- Head, pronotum, mesonotum and forewings black, mesonotum with lateral and forewing with pale spots ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 27–40 ); aedeagus relatively longer and slender, more than 2.5 times as long as basal width of shaft in lateral view (152, 153).................................................................................................. P. neoattenuata View in CoL sp. nov.

9 Aedeagal shaft curved posteriorly then anteriorly, with large gonopore on ventral margin ( Figs 162 View FIGURES157–163 , 169, 175 View FIGURES 164–175 )........... 10

- Aedeagal shaft curved postero-dorsally, with small gonopore at apex ( Figs 88 View FIGURES 79–92 , 105 View FIGURES101–112 , 137 View FIGURES 134–141 )............................ 12

10 Aedeagal shaft with ventral margin smoothly curved in lateral view ( Fig. 169 View FIGURES 164–175 ).................................... 11

- Aedeagal shaft with ventral margin angularly curved sub-basally in lateral view ( Fig. 162 View FIGURES157–163 ).............. P. ribhoi View in CoL sp. nov.

11 Angle between apical apophysis and preapical lobe acute ( Fig. 196 View FIGURES192–202 ).................... P. rufopunctata de Motschulsky View in CoL

- Angle between apical apophysis and preapical lobe obtuse ( Fig. 169 View FIGURES 164–175 )........................... P. sahyadrica View in CoL sp. nov.

12 Aedeagal shaft with serrated lateral margins ( Figs 118 View FIGURES 113–119 , 137 View FIGURES 134–141 )................................................... 13

- Aedeagal shaft with smooth lateral margins (105, 180, 189)................................................... 14

13 Aedeagal shaft gradually tapering from base to apex in posterior view ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 134–141 )..................... P. montana Distant View in CoL

- Aedeagal shaft broadest in middle narrowed both basally and distally in posterior view ( Fig. 119 View FIGURES 113–119 )........ P. fraterna Distant View in CoL

14 Aedeagal shaft tapering distally in lateral view, with dorsal ridge ( Fig. 88 View FIGURES 79–92 )........................ P. compacta View in CoL complex

- Aedeagal shaft not tapering distally in lateral view, without dorsal ridge ( Figs 105 View FIGURES101–112 , 180 View FIGURES 176–183 , 189 View FIGURES 184–191 )......................... 15

15 Forewing with yellowish spots ( Figs 12–17 View FIGURES 1–13 View FIGURES 14–26 ), aedeagal shaft compressed ( Figs 105–109 View FIGURES101–112 )................. P. ereba Distant View in CoL

- Forewing black, with apical area light brown ( Figs 35, 37, 39 View FIGURES 27–40 ); aedeagal shaft not compressed ( Figs 180, 182 View FIGURES 176–183 , 183,189–190).................................................................................................... 16

16 Aedeagal shaft with spicules on lateral margins ( Fig 180 View FIGURES 176–183 ); clypeus not tumid....................... P. spiculata View in CoL sp. nov.

- Aedeagal shaft without spicules on lateral margins ( Fig. 185 View FIGURES 184–191 ); clypeus tumid........................ P. tumida View in CoL sp. nov.

Females

Notes. Males only are known for P. curvata View in CoL , P. distanti View in CoL , P. meghalayensis View in CoL , P. neoattenuata View in CoL , P. ribhoi View in CoL , P. spiculata View in CoL and P. rufopunctata View in CoL . Based on the male, four of these species would key out to the second part of couplet 12, i.e., P. curvata View in CoL , P. distanti View in CoL , P. meghalayensis View in CoL and P. spiculata View in CoL (with the forewings black with caudal area pale brown), two species would key out to the first part of couplet 10, i.e., P. neooattenuata, P. ribhoi View in CoL , and (forewings black with yellowish spots) and P. rufopunctata View in CoL would key out to the first part of couplet 5 (vertex black with reddish brown marking).

1 Head as wide as or wider than pronotum ( Figs 18 View FIGURES 14–26 , 29 View FIGURES 27–40 , 232 View FIGURES 224–234 , 235, 244 View FIGURES 235–245 , 246, 250, 252 View FIGURES 246–253 )................................. 2

- Head distinctly narrower than pronotum ( Figs 3–4 View FIGURES 1–13 )........................................................... 4

2 Length 4.4–5.3mm forewing clavus with greyish spot ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 14–26 , 232 View FIGURES 224–234 , 235 View FIGURES 235–245 )......................................... 3

- Length 5.8–6.4mm, forewing clavus without greyish spot ( Figs 244 View FIGURES 235–245 , 246 View FIGURES 246–253 )........................... P. montana Distant View in CoL

3 Forewing with greyish spot on midlength of costal margin ( Figs 18 View FIGURES 14–26 , 235 View FIGURES 235–245 )........................... P. fraterna Distant View in CoL

- Forewing without greyish spot on midlength of costal margin ( Figs 29 View FIGURES 27–40 , 250 View FIGURES 246–253 )..................... P. quadrinotata Distant View in CoL

4 Crown reddish brown with anterior margin and medial longitudinal fascia black ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 14–26 )........... P. mudonensis Distant View in CoL

- Crown yellow to orange-yellow with or without reddish marking................................................ 5

5 Crown black with reddish brown marking, sometimes marking comprising a very indistinct spot basally on each side ( Figs 21 View FIGURES 14–26 , 242 View FIGURES 235–245 )................................................................................. P. maculosa Distant View in CoL

- Crown black without marking............................................................................ 6

6 Pronotum orange-brown with or without anterior part black ( Fig. 201 View FIGURES192–202 , 220 View FIGURES 210–223 )........................................ 7

- Pronotum black or mainly black.......................................................................... 8

7 Pronotum orange-brown with anterior part black ( Fig. 220 View FIGURES 210–223 ); claval suture not black...................................................................................................... P. compacta View in CoL complex (in part) (see notes)

- Pronotum orange-brown; claval suture black ( Fig. 201 View FIGURES192–202 )............................. P. melanocephala de Motschulsky View in CoL

8 Scutellum bright yellow with basal angles black ( Figs 16, 17 View FIGURES 14–26 , 230 View FIGURES 224–234 ).................................. P. ereba Distant View in CoL

- Scutellum mainly black................................................................................. 9

9 Pronotum black with posterior margin finely edged with yellow to reddish brown ( Fig. 224 View FIGURES 224–234 )......................... 10

- Pronotum entirely black............................................................................... 11

10 Forewing with yellowish spots ( Fig. 224 View FIGURES 224–234 )........................................... P. attenuata Distant View in CoL (see Notes)

- Forewings without spots..................................................................... P. juno Distant View in CoL

11 Forewings black with caudal area pale brown.............................................................. 12

- Forewings black with pale spots, apical area hyaline................................ P. compacta View in CoL complex (see Notes)

12 Clypeus and clypellus tumid............................................................... P. tumida View in CoL sp. nov.

- Clypeus and clypellus not tumid.................................................... P. noctua Distant View in CoL (see Notes)