Pristaulacus galitae ( Gribodo, 1879 )

Published, First, 2007, Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae), Zootaxa 1433, pp. 1-76 : 36-41

Pristaulacus galitae ( Gribodo, 1879)

( Figs. 1, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 119)

Aulacus galitae Gribodo, 1879: 339 (♀).

Pristaulacus bimaculatus Kieffer, 1900a: 814 (♀).

Pristaulacus immaculatus Kieffer, 1904a: 13 (♂) (syn. nov.).

Pristaulacus bimaculatus: Kieffer, 1912: 382 .

Pristaulacus immaculatus: Kieffer, 1912: 382 .

Pristaulacus galitae: Kieffer, 1912: 385 .

Pristaulacus bimaculatus: Hedicke, 1939: 5 .

Pristaulacus galitae: Hedicke, 1939: 10 .

Pristaulacus immaculatus: Hedicke, 1939: 11 .

Pristaulacus bimaculatus arozarenae Ortega & Baez, 1985: 509 (♀) (syn. nov.).

Pristaulacus arozarenae: Smith, 2001: 279 .

Pristaulacus galitae: Smith, 2001: 285 .

Pristaulacus immaculatus: Smith, 2001: 287 .

Material examined. TUNISIA: holotype ♀ labelled “Galita, VIII.77, Violante/Typus (red label)/ Galitae Grib. / Aulacus Galitae Grib., Tipo ♀ / Holotypus, Pristaulacus galitae Grib. ♀ ” ( CPTO). GERMANY: südlich von Samsun, auf Brachland, 28.VI.1926, 1♂, Bischoff S.G. ( ZMHB); 1♀ without data ( ZMHB). FRANCE: Gudmont (Haute-Marne), S.te Claire-Deville, 1♂, coll. J. De Gaulle, 1919 ( MNHN); Maisons-Laffitte (Seineet-oise), 1♂, coll. J. De Gaulle, 1919 ( MNHN). SPAIN: Gibilterra, 1914, 1♂, coll. P. Cameron ( BMNH); Jaen Siles, 30.VII–5.VIII.1989, 1♀, 1♂ ex larvae, from wood of Pinus sp. containing Pogonocherus perroudi, G. Sama leg. ( DBAC); Castrovido (Burgos), 15.VIII.1989, 1♂, on flowers of Foeniculum vulgare, C. Rey leg. ( MNMS); Tardajos (Burgos), 10.IX.1995, 2♀, P. Bahillo leg. ( MNMS); Madrid, 21.VII.1993, 1♀, ex larva, from wood of conifer, J. & E. Vives leg. ( MNMS); lectotype ♀ of Pristaulacus bimaculatus ssp. arozarenae Ortega & Baez labelled “Tenerife, 25.VII.1963, R. Arozarena/Museo Nacional de Ciencias Nat., HY 105/ Pristaulacus bimaculatus Kieffer ssp. arozarenae n. G. Ortega det./ Lectotypus ♀, Turrisi des., 2002 (red label)/ Pristaulacus galitae (Gribodo, 1872) , G.F. Turrisi det., 2002” ( MCNC); paralectotypes ♀, same locality of lectotype, 25.VII.1963, 1♀, R. Arozarena; 1♀, 27.VII.1963; 1♀, 3.VIII.1963; 1♀, 22.IX.1963; 1♀, 13.VII.1964 ( MCNC). RUSSIA: holotype ♀ of P. bimaculatus Kieffer labelled “ Daghestan /Type/ Pristaulacus bimaculatus n. sp. /Berl. Zool. Mus.” ( ZMHB). AZERBAIJAN: Caucasus, Elisavetpol (= Gandzha), 8– 11.VII.1912, 1♀, Babauzhanidi leg., coll. Semenow ( ZIN). UKRAINE: Kharkov, 1♀ ( ZIN); Crimea, Yu.(zhnyi) ber.(eg), Kryma, ot Karakau do Yaily, 1964, 1♀, Vidgal’m leg. ( ZIN). CROATIA: Zaostrog, 2003, 1♀, L. Karaus leg. ( OLML). ITALY: Liguria, Genova in Museo, 6.VI.1984, 1♂, V. Raineri leg., “all’interno della vetrina Struzzi” ( CPTO); Piedmont (?), coll. Ferrero ( MHNG); Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Val Rosandra (Trieste), 14.VIII.2000, 1♀, ex larva, from wood of Coronilla emerus containing Trichoferus spartii, G. Sama leg. ( DBAC); Duino (Trieste), Semt. Rilke, VII.1988, 1♀, ex larva, from wood of Coronilla sp. containing Trichoferus spartii, P. Rapuzzi leg. ( PRCU); Tuscany, Giglio Island, VI.1901, G. Doria ( MFNB); Latium, Viterbo, Monte Frascone, tra Fondaccio e Piana delle Grotte, m 370, VI.2005, 6♀, 4♂, ex larva, from stems of Quercus cerris containing Pseudosphegesthes cinereus, A.B. Biscaccianti leg. ( DBAC); same locality, VII– VIII.2005, 2♀, ex larva, from stems of Quercus cerris containing Pseudosphegesthes cinereus, A.B. Biscaccianti leg. ( DBAC); Abruzzo, Pescara, Morrone, Bolognano, loc. Grotta Scura, m 300, 15.VII.2005, 2♀, ex larva, from living stems of Coronilla valentina , containing Trichoferus spartii, A.B. Biscaccianti leg. ( DBAC); Apulia, Castellaneta, VIII.1977, 2♀ ex larva, from wood of Robinia pseudacacia containing Purpuricenus kaehleri and Niphona picticornis, G. Sama leg. ( MSNP); Sardinia, Domusnovas, 1♀, 26.VIII.1982 ( MRSN); Sardinia, Tortolì (Nuoro), 8.VI.1975, 2♀, R. Mourglia leg. ( DBAC, MFNB); Sardinia, Olbia (Sassari), VI.1979, 1♀, Mourglia leg. ( MFNB); Sicily, Madonie, Torre Montaspro, m 800 (Palermo), VIII.1998, 1♀, ex larva, from wood of Quercus sp. containing Pseudosphegesthes cinereus, P. Rapuzzi leg. ( PRCU); VII.1996, 1♀ ( PRCU); 20.VI.1990, 1♀ ( PRCU); 20.VII.1990, 1♀, 1♂ ( PRCU); 28.VII.1989, 1♀, ex larva, from wood of Quercus cerris containing Pseudosphegesthes cinereus, P. Rapuzzi leg. ( PRCU); Sicily, Capo Alì, Alì Terme (Messina), m 20, 13.VII.2001, 1♂, on flowers of Bupleurum fruticosum, G.F. Turrisi leg. ( DBAC); Sicily, Mount Etna, Randazzo, 15.VII.2000, 2♀, 1♂, ex larva, from wood of Ficus carica, P. Cogoi leg. ( DBAC); Sicily, Mount Etna, Piano Tavola (Belpasso), 11.VIII.1993, 1♂, G.F. Turrisi leg., on leaves of Ficus carica covered by Homoptera Coccoidea ( DBAC); Sicily, Catania, San Nullo, 1♀, 1♂, VIII.1996 ex larva, from wood of Ficus carica containing Trichoferus fasciculatus and Niphona picticornis, G.F. Turrisi leg. ( DBAC); 21.VIII.2001, 2♂, ex larva, from wood of Pistacia terebinthus containing several species of Cerambycidae : Gracilia minuta , Niphona picticornis , Penichroa fasciata , Chlorophorus pilosus glabromaculatus (DBAC) . GREECE: Peloponneso, Artemisia, 15.V.1999, 1♀, 1♂, coll. Ríha ( OLML); Crete Island, Chania Omalos, m 1300, 2.VIII.1987, 1♀, 1♂, ex larva, from wood of Berberis cretica containing Trichoferus berberidis, G. Sama leg. ( DBAC); Crete Island, Chania Dhalos, m 1000–1500, 8.VIII.1989, 1♂ ex larva, from wood of Berberis cretica containing Trichoferus berberidis, G. Sama leg. ( DBAC); Rhodos Island, Vlicha NW, Lindos, 15.X.2002, 1♂, Martin Schwarz leg. ( OLML). TURKEY N-E: Tokat Almus, m 900, 19.IV.1994, 1♂, D. Gianasso leg. ( MSNP). 1♀ without locality data, ex larva emerged 30.VI.1987, from wood of Quercus ilex containing Chlorophorus pilosus glabromaculatus, G. Sama leg. ( MSNP). MOROCCO: lectotype ♂ of P. immaculatus Kieffer, 1904 labelled “Tanger/Muséum Paris, coll. J. De Gaulle 1919/Type/ P. schlettereri var. immaculatus / lectotypus, Madl 1988 / Pristaulacus immaculatus Kieffer, 1904 ♂, Lectotypus G. F. Turrisi des. 2004” ( MNHN); 2♂ paralectotypes of P. immaculatus Kieffer, 1904 both labelled “Tanger/Muséum Paris, coll. J. De Gaulle 1919/Type/ paralectotypus, Madl 1988 / Pristaulacus immaculatus Kieffer, 1904 ♂, Paralectotypus G. F. Turrisi des. 2004” ( MNHN); Tanger, 1♀ ( ZMUC); 2♀, 7♂, coll. Vachal and coll. André ( MNHN); Haut Atlas, Tizi n’Test, m 2000, VIII.1985, 1♀, 1♂, ex larva, from wood of Cistus villosus containing Trichoferus fasciculatus, G. Sama leg. ( DBAC); 21.VIII.1985, 1♂, ex larva, from wood of Cistus sp. containing Trichoferus cisti, G. Sama leg. ( DBAC). ALGERIA: Djurdjura Kabylia, m 1660, 1♀, IV.1978, Mourglia leg. ( MRSN); Djurdjura Kabylia, m 1500, IV.1978, 1♀, R. Mourglia leg. ( MRSN); Batna Arris, 10.VI.1982, 2♀, G. Sama leg. ( MSNP); Setif, m 1000, 8.V.1979, 3♂, R. Mourglia leg. ( DBAC, MFNB, USNM). TUNISIA: Galita, VIII.1877, 1♀, Violante leg. ( MRSN). Without geographic data: 1♀, coll. Schmiedeknecht ( DEI); 1♂ ( DEI).

Records from literature. Gribodo (1879), Schletterer (1889), Kieffer (1900 a, 1903, 1904a, 1912), Kokujev (1910), Oehlke (1983, 1984), Ortega & Baez (1985), Pagliano (1986), Kozlov (1988), Madl (1988), Šedivý & Č apek (1988), Hilszczaṅski (2002), Ortega (2005), Turrisi (2006b).

Type locality. “ Isola Galita ” ( Gribodo 1879) .

Notes on type material. The type material consists of only the holotype (♀), indicated as being in the col- lection of MCSN ( Gribodo 1879), but it is currently stored in CPTO.

Redescription. ♀ (holotype). Length (excluding ovipositor): 8.0 mm; fore wing length: 4.5 mm.

Colour black, except: median part of mandible extensively reddish; antenna, maxillo-labial complex, and propleuron dark red, with labial and maxillary palpi lighter; legs, except coxae, extensively dark red, with fore and mid tibiae and tarsi lighter; wings hyaline, with veins and stigma brown; fore wing with a wide subrectangular brown spot below stigma, 0.5x as wide as stigma length, reaching DC, two fused brown spots, on median part of B and along vein cu-a (between SB and SDC); metasoma red orange, except dark red on dorsal part of T1, and on lateral parts of following tergites and sternites; valvula 3 of ovipositor reddish brown. Setae: whitish in most part, except white goldish on mandible, light brown on antenna (except A1), brown goldish on metasoma, brown on valvula 3 of ovipositor.

Head ( Figs. 10, 30), from above, 1.3x wider than long, polished and shiny; occipital margin straight; temple, from above, moderately developed, 0.9x as long as eye length, moderately convergent posteriorly and regularly rounded; occipital carina wide, lamelliform, 0.5x diameter of an ocellus; POL:OOL = 1.3; ocellar area 2.1x wider than long; frons with fine, superficial, and scattered punctures (distance between punctures 2x diameter of a puncture); clypeus with coarse, deep, and scattered punctures, less dense on temple and on vertex (distance between punctures 2–3x diameter of a puncture); malar area with moderately coarse, deep, and dense punctures; occipital area polished; mandible polished and shiny, with coarse and deep punctures on base and in middle; antenna length 0.8x fore wing length; A3 5.1x longer than wide; A4 6.5x longer than wide, and 1.4x longer than A3; A5 6.5x longer than wide, and 1.3x longer than A3; following antennomeres progressively shorter; A14 weakly dorsoventrally compressed, with apex regularly rounded, 2.0x longer than wide. Setae: erect, long, and moderately dense on frons, less dense on remaining parts; semierect, short, and scattered on A1; setae length of temple as long as diameter of an ocellus.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 50) coarsely sculptured; pronotum areolate rugose, with one median tooth on each lateroventral margin; propleuron shiny, polished, with very fine, superficial, and very scattered punctures (distance between punctures 4–5x diameter of a puncture); prescutum subtriangular, moderately concave in middle, transverse carinate; mesoscutum transverse carinate, with anterior margin, in lateral view, regularly rounded; notaulus deep and moderately wide; scutellum transverse carinate, with concentric carinae; mesepimeron transverse carinate; mesepisternum areolate rugose, except a small upper area punctate foveolate and shiny; metanotum mostly polished and shiny, with a few longitudinal carinae; propodeum areolate rugose, with base longitudinally carinate; ventral parts of mesosoma polished, rugulose on sides; fore wing with vein 2-rs+m short; fore coxa polished, shiny, with very fine, superficial, and scattered punctures; mid coxa transverse carinulate; hind coxa ( Fig. 70) transverse carinate on dorsal surface, transverse carinulate on ventral surface; trochanters polished, shiny, with regular, moderately coarse, deep, and dense punctures, less coarse, moderately deep, and less dense on fore trochanter; femora dull on dorsal surface with moderately coarse, deep, and dense punctures, shiny on ventral surface, with fine, superficial, and very scattered punctures on fore and mid femora, scattered on hind femur; inner spur of mid and hind tibia, slightly longer than outer spur; hind basitarsus 9.6x longer than wide, and 1.1x longer than tarsomeres 2–5; claw with four welldeveloped teeth. Setae: semierect, moderately long, and scattered on dorsal surface, more dense on the remaining parts, except on propodeum, erect and long; erect, moderately dense, and long on propleuron, with setae length as fore pretarsus length; semierect, long, and dense on coxae and trochanters; recumbent, short, and dense on dorsal surface of fore and mid femora, erect, short, and scattered on ventral surface; recumbent or semierect, short, and moderately dense on hind femur.

Metasoma moderately compressed laterally, pyriform in lateral view; petiole elongate, moderately slen- der, 2.4x longer than wide; segments 1 and 2 polished and shiny; following segments very finely sculptured, with very fine, superficial, and moderately dense punctures; S7 coarsely and densely punctate striolate; T8 with fine, superficial, and scattered punctures; ovipositor 1.2x longer than fore wing length; valvula 3 of ovipositor with acute apex. Setae: segments 1 and 2 glabrous; recumbent, short, and moderately dense on following segments, more dense on the last three tergites.

ď. Length: 8.6 mm; fore wing length: 6.0 mm. Colour, structure, and setae like ♀, except: antenna length 0.8x fore wing length; A3 3.0x longer than wide; A4 4.0x longer than wide, and 1.5x longer than A3; A5 as long and wide as A4; A13 subcylindrical 3.2x longer than wide, with apex rounded; hind basitarsus 10.2x longer than wide, and 1.2x longer than tarsomeres 2–5; petiole 3.0x longer than wide; metasomal segments 1 and 2 polished, shiny, and glabrous; following tergites with regular, very fine, superficial, and moderately dense punctures, and recumbent, short, and moderately dense setae; median part of sternites with very fine, and less dense punctures, and recumbent, short, and less dense setae; genital capsule ( Fig. 90) with apex of paramere truncated, cuspis long and slightly curved, digitus wide, with lower apex narrow and long.

Intraspecific variation. Examined: 55♀, 39♂. Length: 8.0– 11.1 mm (♀); 8.6–11.2 mm (♂); fore wing length: 4.5–7.8 mm (♀), 6.0– 7.6 mm (♂); ovipositor length 1.0–1.2x fore wing length. The abundant material examined, coming from the entire distribution range, allows data on intraspecific variation of this species. The chromatic pattern is constant while the colour varies from light (as in holotype), with some parts of head (temple and malar area), of mesosoma, and of coxae reddish brown, to dark tones. The dark spots on the fore wing are variable, very wide to very small, or totally absent, as I stated in some specimens. The specimens without dark spots on the fore wing were considered by some authors as a distinct species, P. immaculatus Kieffer (= P. galitae Gribodo ), but the continuous variation of the size of these spots, in my opinion, is only intraspecific variation.

Distribution. Spain, Canary Islands (Tenerife), France, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, European Russia, Ukraine, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Yugoslavia, Croatia (*), Greece (*), Crete Island (*) Rhodos Island (*), Turkey (*), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia including Galita Island.

Remarks. Pristaulacus bimaculatus Kieffer, 1900 (type locality: “ Daghestan ”, holotype in ZMHB, examined) was considered by Pagliano (1986) as synonym of P. galitae but without any comments, especially with regard to the type material. The examination of the type specimens of the two above mentioned taxa allows confirmation of this synonymy, on the basis of the congruence of the chromatic patterns and especially of the characters of exoskeleton.

Pristaulacus immaculatus Kieffer, 1904 (type locality: “ Tanger ”, type material in MNHN, examined) was described from three specimens; for this taxon Kieffer (1904a) did not indicate an holotype, thus the type specimens should be considered as syntypes. Madl in the year 1988 (original handwritten red labels) desig- nated, among these syntypes, one lectotype and two paralectotypes (unpublished), which I here formally establish ( ICZN 1999: article 74). Pristaulacus immaculatus is considered as valid species by Madl (1988) and Smith (2001), although Kofler & Madl (1990) considered it as a synonym of Pristaulacus galitae , without any comments and any formal indication. The comparison of the type specimens of the above mentioned taxa confirms the previously proposed synonymy ( Kofler & Madl 1990), and it is here formally established (syn. nov.). The absence of brown spots on the fore wing, indicated as the most important diagnostic feature of P. immaculatus ( Kieffer 1904 a, 1906, 1912), is within the intraspecific variability of P. galitae .

Pristaulacus bimaculatus arozarenae Ortega & Baez, 1985 (type locality: “Tenerife”, type material in MCNC, examined) was described from five specimens without indication of holotype ( Ortega & Baez 1985). These specimens are syntypes, among which I designate a lectotype and four paralectotypes ( ICZN 1999: article 74). Pristaulacus bimaculatus arozarenae is considered as good species by Smith (2001), obviously on the basis of description only. Comparison of the type series of P. bimaculatus arozarenae with abundant material of P. galitae , including the holotype, allows establishment that the first taxon is a synonym of the second (syn. nov.), for the congruence of numerous important characters: a) shape, sculpture and pubescence of head; b) occipital carina lamelliform, 0.5x as wide as diameter of an ocellus; c) index length/width of antennomeres; d) shape and sculpture of mesosoma; e) presence of only one tooth on the lateroventral margin of pronotum; f) shape and sculpture of hind coxa; g) index length of ovipositor/length of fore wing; and h) chromatic pattern.

Biology. Hosts: Trichoferus fasciculatus (Faldermann, 1837) , Niphona picticornis Mulsant, 1839 ( Coleoptera , Cerambycidae ) ( Turrisi 1999); Scobicia pustulata (Fabricius, 1801) ( Coleoptera , Bostrychidae ); Denops albofasciatus (Charpentier, 1825) ( Coleoptera , Cleridae ) ( Oehlke 1983); Purpuricenus kaehleri (Linnaeus, 1758) ( Coleoptera , Cerambycidae ) ( Lichtenstein & Picard 1918). I add: Pogonocherus perroudi Mulsant, 1839 , Trichoferus berberidis Sama, 1994 , T. cisti Sama, 1987 , T. spartii (Müller, 1948) , Pseudosphegesthes cinereus (Castelnau & Gory, 1836) , Chlorophorus glabromaculatus (Goeze, 1777) ( Coleoptera , Cerambycidae ). Flowers visited: Bupleurum fruticosum L., Foeniculum vulgare Miller (Apiaceae) .