Isostenosmylus derpi Martins, Machado & Ardila-Camacho, 2024

Martins, Caleb Califre, Machado, Renato José Pires & Ardila-Camacho, Adrian, 2024, An unexpected new species of Isostenosmylus Krüger, 1913 (Neuroptera: Osmylidae), from the Brazilian Northeast, Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20230098) 68 (1), pp. 1-7 : 2-4

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2023-0098
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87C6-972F-803D-9273-FB47FD83FEDE
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Isostenosmylus derpi Martins, Machado & Ardila-Camacho
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Isostenosmylus derpi Martins, Machado & Ardila-Camacho sp. n.

( Figs 1-4 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57795D8E-490E-45B1-8DAC-BFBCF1C06C28

Etymology. The new species is named after the first author’s friend, Dr. Daercio Adam de Araújo Lucena ( Fig.1a View Figure 1 ) (known as “Derp”), an entomologist expert in wasps of the family Chrysididae and who collected the specimens studied here.

Type material. Holotype: Female. Brazil: Paraíba: Maturéia, Pico do Jabre, Malaise 4, 07°12.092’S ‒ 37°22.853’W, 1093 m, 12.iv-08.v.2023, DAA Lucena & eq. cols. ( DZUP) GoogleMaps . Paratype: Female. Brazil: Paraíba: Maturéia, Pico do Jabre, Malaise 7, 07°15.177’S ‒ 37°23.239’W, 1140 m, 12.iv-08.v.2023, DAA Lucena & eq. cols. ( CZMA) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. This new species is placed in the clade pulverulentus ( I. apaapensis , I. irroratus , I. barbatus , and I. pulverulentus ) ( Martins et al., 2019) characterized by the female forecoxae with thick and prominent setae (fig. 1c), sternite 7 with posterior margin produced (figs 2a-b), sternite 8 with anterior region concave (figs 2b, 3b), gonapophyses 9 long in lateral view with subquadrangular lobes (fig. 3). The new species has the notum with two distinct posterodorsal black and oval marks on the pronotum (fig 1b, d); gonapophyses 9 of I. derpi sp. n., in ventral view, is Y-shaped (figs 2a-b), and in lateral view is strongly bent dorsad near mid-length (with an almost 90° angle) with apical lobes directed ventrally (fig.3). Isostenosmylus derpi is easily separated from I. irroratus , I. barbatus , and I. pulverulentus by the presence of only two apical lobes on the gonapophyses 9 (figs 2-3), the other species have four; I. apaapensis shares many characteristics with the new species, nevertheless, they can be differentiated by the color of maxillary and labial palpomeres, pale amber with distal half black in the new species (fig. 1c), but completely dark brown in I. apaapensis , and by the gonapophyses 9, which is slightly bent dorsad, almost straight, near mid-length in I. apaapensis (strongly bent in the new species), without a basal projection (present in the new species) (fig.2a), and with apical lobes directed caudally (directed ventrally in the new species).

Description. Measurements (n=2).Interocular distance: 0.8 mm; head width including compound eyes: 1.7 mm; prothorax length: 1.3 mm; prothorax width at mid-length: 0.7 mm; forewing length: 19.8‒20 mm; forewing maximum width: 6‒6.28 mm; forewing pterostigma length: 3.2‒3.75 mm; hind wing length: 18.7‒19.0 mm; hind wing maximum width: 5.67‒5.75 mm; hind wing pterostigma length: 2.8‒3.1 mm.

Head (figs 1b-d). Pale amber with diffuse black marks.Vertex elevated above compound eyes, rugose, with black marks, slightly raised on ocellar region. Ocelli vestigial, amber, surrounding surface of ocelli at the internal region of ocellar triangle black, with thin brown setae. Antennae filiform, scape blackish brown, pedicel black, with fine amber setae; flagellum pale amber with 29 articles 1.5 times as long as wide, all covered with long yellowish setae and microtrichia. Compound eyes sub-spherical, as wide as 0.6 of the interocular distance at antenna insertion level, black. Frons mostly pale amber with blackish marks; clypeus pale amber, entire surface with scattered, fine, long, amber setae; labrum narrow, with anterior margin concave, pale amber with amber setae. Gena with a black mark, postgena dark amber. Maxilla with cardo and stipes pale amber, galea and lacinia dark amber, maxillary palpus 5-articulate, pale amber, with distal half of last palpomere black.Labium with pale amber mentum and ligula, labial palpus 3-articulate, pale amber, with distal half of last palpomere black. Occiput dark amber, rugose.

Thorax (figs 1b-d). Prothorax elongate, narrow, sub-rectangular, cervical sclerite pale amber with blackish suffusions and set with long pale amber setae; pronotum about 1.6 times as long as wide, mostly pale amber with two broad lateral black stripes and two posterodorsal black oval marks, covered with abundant long and thick setae, setal bases raised and black, forming distinct circular marks. Prothorax ventral region pale amber.Mesonotum as long as wide, scutum pale amber with subtriangular black marks on anterior and lateral regions, with long and thick setae black or dark amber, setal bases raised; scutellum whitish amber without black marks, with a few dark amber setae on posterior region. Metanotum slightly wider than long, with scattered, fine, long, dark or pale amber setae; scutum pale amber with two large subtriangular black marks; scutellum similar to mesoscutellum. Pteropleura mostly pale amber with black suffusions below wing bases and anterior region of katepisternum, entire surface with long, hair-like, pale amber setae.

Legs (fig.1c). Predominantly pale amber, with small black spots on the setal base, especially on tibiae. Foreleg: elongated, subcylindrical, coxa with black mark on distal part, females with a patch of thick pedicellate setae on anterior surface, entire surface with long and thin setae; trochanter and femur with long, hair-like, pale setae; femur with long and pale setae, setal bases raised and black; tibia narrow with abundant long, and thin setae, outer surface with setal bases raised and with a blackish spots composing one narrow stripes on anterior region, apical region on inner surface with abundant short, pale amber setae; two short tibial spurs; first tarsomere as long as the following three together, last tarsomere slightly shorter than basitarsus, with distal half black; all the surface with thick, long, pale amber setae; tarsal claws dark amber, arolium present. Mid and hind leg with coxa, trochanter and femur pale amber, covered with long, hair-like, pale amber setae; apical region of femur with blackish setal bases on outer surface on outer surface; tibia narrow, with abundant long and thin setae, outer surface with setal bases raised and black, tibial spurs short; tarsomeres similar to that from foreleg.

Wings (fig. 1e). Forewing: elongate, broadened, posterodistal margin convex. Wing venation alternating pale- and dark greyish brown, with abundant long and fine setae of the same color as cuticle; trichosors present along wing margin except on wing base. Membrane mostly hyaline with 11 diffuse fuscous marks on crossveins of radial space extending to subcostal space, some diffuse fuscous marks on RP branches, base of MP, intracubital space, and between distal space of CuP and A1. Costal space broadened, wider basally than distally, with 73 crossveins (a few forked). Pterostigma weakly marked, greyish brown with pale amber areas, and 21 crossveins, all sinuous. Subcostal space with a single basal crossvein. Sc and RA merging at distal 1/6 of wing. Radial space with 22‒24 crossveins; RP with nine branches, nygmata strongly marked, basal one located between base of RP1 and M, at RP1 fork level; distal nygma located between RP1 and RP2, slight beyond RP3 fork level.Outer gradate series distinct, inner gradate series not distinct. M vein forked at distal 1/3 length of wing; CuA bent posteriad on distal portion, slightly beyond M vein fork level, CuP running parallel to CuA, with distal half pectinate branched, with 12 or 13 branches. A1 long, pectinate, terminating on posterior wing margin at RP2 origin level; A2 and A3 reticulate. Hind wing: elongate, shorter and narrower than forewing, with pointed apex; posterodistal margin slightly concave. Wing venation alternating pale and pale greyish brown, with abundant long, thin setae of the same color as cuticle; trichosors present along wing margin except on wing base. Membrane hyaline. Costal space slightly broadened on proximal 1/3 of wing length, narrow proximal- and distally, with 60-62 crossveins; pterostigma weakly marked with pale and greyish brown areas, composed of 16 crossveins. Subcostal space with a single basal crossvein, light amber. Radial space with 26 or 27 crossveins; RP diverging from RA near wing base, with 11 branches. Nygmata strongly marked, the basal one located between RP and M, just before the RP1 origin, distal nygma between RP1 and RP2 at RP3 origin level; outer gradates distinct, inner gradate series not distinct. M vein forked near wing base, before the origin of RP, MP forked at distal 1/3 of wing length. Cu vein forked near wing base, before M fork; distal part of CuA and CuP pectinate branched. A1 ending at the posterior wing margin opposite to RP1 origin level, A2 and A3 short.

Abdomen (fig. 1b). Tergites brown, with two darker marks, entire surface with abundant long, thin, pale brown setae. Pleural membrane brown, with abundant long, thin, pale brown setae. Sternites pale brown with dark brown areas, with abundant long, thin setae of the same color as cuticle.

Male unknown.

Female genitalia (figs 2, 3). Tergite 8 subquadrate, encircling the spiracle in lateral view, anteroventral corner ventrally projected, pointed.Sternite 7 with posterior margin subquadrate at medial region. Sternite 8, plate like, subtriangular in lateral view, anterior half with longitudinal median ridge; posterior region with a broad concavity, separated from anterior region by a transverse ridge, posterolateral corners with rounded, setose lobes.Tergite 9 narrow, ventrally projected, subrectangular, anteromedial corner with subtriangular projection, wider than anterodorsal region, anteroventral corner rounded and setose. Gonocoxite 9 leaf-like, with anterior apex pointed, bearing two black lateral stripes: a smaller one near the base, and a larger one occupying almost the entire length of gonocoxite 9; gonostylus 9 mammilliform, setose. Gonapophyses 9 elongated and narrow, with basal projection; in lateral view strongly bent dorsad near mid-length, with an almost 90° angle, lobes subquadrate, directed ventrally; in ventral view, Y-shaped with two apical lobes anterolaterally directed, distal margin concave. Ectoprocts subtrapezoidal in lateral view, setose, dorsally fused, with black mark; callus cerci arranged in a rosette. Spermatheca ovoid.

Distribution (fig. 4). Brazil (Paraíba).

Habitat. Isostenosmylus derpi sp. n. was found in the municipality of Maturéia, Paraíba state, Brazilian Northeast. The type locality, “Pico do Jabre”, is the highest point in Paraíba (1,208 m), Serra do Teixeira region, an integral part of the Borborema Plateau. Pico do Jabre is related to a special habitat known as “Brejos de altitude” which is part of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Brejos de Altitude areas are characterized by enclaves of Montane Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in Caatinga (Brazilian semi-arid scrub forest), i.e. peaks with Atlantic Forest in the upper altitudes surrounded by elements of Caatinga in the lower altitudes. They are present only in Brazilian Northeast, and their existence is associated with the occurrence of plateaus, where orographic rains guarantee precipitation levels exceeding 1200 mm / year ( Tabarelli and Santos, 2004). Recently, June 2023, the Serra do Teixeira National Park was founded, which covers 12 municipalities in Paraíba, including the type locality of the new species. The female specimens herein studied were collected at 1093 and 1140 m, a locality with high humidity all year long, and with a very strong wind during the species collection period (personal communication Daercio Lucena).