Leucothoe, Leach, 1814

White, Kristine N., 2011, A taxonomic review of the Leucothoidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) 3078, Zootaxa 3078 (1), pp. 1-113 : 32-39

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3078.1.1

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038D8786-FFE0-FFF4-FF70-EBE0FA5D8DE8

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Leucothoe
status

 

Key to species of Leucothoe View in CoL

(Five species have been left out of the key due to missing character data in the literature: Leucothoe affinis , Leucothoe antarctica , Leucothoe crassimana , Leucothoe grandimana , and Leucothoe stylifera )

1 Eyes present (fig. 7n).................................................................................. 6

- Eyes absent (fig. 7s)................................................................................... 2

2 Anterior head margin truncate, anterodistal margin evenly rounded or oblique (fig. 7s), gnathopod 2 ischium bare (fig. 8b) or with posterior setae only (fig. 8c)......................................................................... 3

- Anterior head margin rounded, anterodistal margin concave (fig. 7t), gnathopod 2 ischium with posterior and posterodistal setae (fig. 8a)........................................................................... Leucothoe rostrata

3 Anterodistal head margin evenly rounded (fig. 7s), pereopods 5–7 bases without facial setae (fig. 8e), epimeron 3 posterior margin not sinuous (fig. 8h)............................................................................. 4

- Anterodistal head margin oblique (fig. 8d), pereopods 5–7 bases with facial setae (fig. 8f), epimeron 3 posterior margin sinuous (fig. 8g)............................................................................ Leucothoe pacifica

4 Antenna 1 3–10 articulate (fig. 8i); mandibular palp article 3 with one distal seta (fig. 8k), maxilliped inner plates apical margins rounded, maxilliped outer plate with facial setae (fig. 8m).................................................. 5

- Antenna 1 11+ articulate (fig. 8j); mandibular palp article 3 with two distal setae (fig. 8l), maxilliped inner plates apical margins flat, maxilliped outer plate without facial setae (fig. 8n).................................... Leucothoe uschakovi

5 Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin setose (fig. 8q); gnathopod 2 propodus palm dentate (fig. 8s); pereopod 5 basis posterior margin serrate (fig. 8v); telson apex rounded (fig. 5v)............................................. Leucothoe atosi

- Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin bare (fig. 8r); gnathopod 2 palm propodus palm with 1–6 small tubercles (fig. 8t); pereopod 5 basis posterior margin smooth (fig. 8u); telson apex tridentate (fig. 5u)....................... Leucothoe ayrtonia

6 Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner sinuous with cusp (fig. 8p)................................................... 7

- Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner not sinuous, with or without cusp (fig. 8o)...................................... 27

7 Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner with bidentate cusp (fig. 8w)................................................. 8

- Epimeron 3 posteroventral corner with simple cusp (fig. 8p)................................................... 12

8 Gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin bare, carpus reaching less than 0.4 x propodus length, propodus palm with large tubercles (fig. 6y); coxa 5 without facial setae (fig. 9a); epimeron 3 bare (fig. 8w); telson apex tridentate (fig. 5u)................. 9

- Gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin setose, carpus reaching 0.4–0.6 x propodus length, propodus palm dentate or with small tubercles (fig. 8x); coxa 5 with facial seta(e) (fig. 9b); epimeron 3 setose (fig. 9c); telson apex truncate (fig. 9d), rounded (fig. 5v), or with weak point (fig. 9e)......................................................................... 10

9 Maxilla 1 palp 2–articulate (fig. 9g); gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate, spoon-like, dactylus apical margin obtuse, reaching less than 0.5 x propodus length (fig. 9h); pereopods 6–7 bases posterior margins serrate (fig. 9i); uropod 1 peduncle longer than inner ramus length (fig. 9k); epimeron 1 ventral margin setose (fig. 9m)............................ Leucothoe dentata

- Maxilla 1 palp 1 articulate (fig. 9f); gnathopod 2 carpus with large subdistal tooth, dactylus apical margin acute, reaching 0.5– 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 8y); pereopods 6–7 bases posterior margins smooth (fig. 9j); uropod 1 peduncle shorter than inner ramus length (fig. 9l); epimeron 1 ventral margin bare (fig. 9n)................................... Leucothoe pollexa

10 Mandibular palp article 3 subequal to article 1 (fig. 9p); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 1–10 setae (fig. 9q); gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate (fig. 9t); coxae 3, 4, and 6 without facial setae (fig. 9w); telson apex truncate (fig. 9d).................................................................................................. Leucothoe alcyone

- Mandibular palp article 3 1.0–2.5 x length of article 1 (fig. 9o); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin bare (fig. 9r) or with 11–20 setae (fig. 9s); gnathopod 2 carpus distally rounded (fig. 9u); coxae 3, 4, and 6 with facial setae (fig. 9v); telson apex rounded (fig. 5v) or with weak point (fig. 9e)...................................................................... 11

11 Coxa 1 with facial setae (fig. 9y); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 11–20 setae, posterior margin with 1–10 setae (fig. 9s), dactylus greater than 0.2 x propodus length (fig. 9z); gnathopod 2 propodus palm dentate (fig. 10a); coxa 4 posterior margin tapered (fig. 9v); pereopods 5–7 bases broadly expanded (length 1.4 x width or less), posterior margins setose, with facial setae (fig. 10c); telson apex rounded (fig. 5v)................................................... Leucothoe bidens

- Coxa 1 without facial seta (fig. 9x); gnathopod 1 basis anterior and posterior margins bare (fig. 9r), dactylus reaching 0.1–0.2 x propodus length (fig. 9A); gnathopod 2 propodus palm with 1–6 small tubercles (fig. 10b); coxa 4 posterior margin excavate (fig. 9B); pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly expanded (length greater than 1.4 x width), posterior margins bare, without facial setae (fig. 10d); telson apex with weak point (fig. 9e)..................................... Leucothoe germanalcyone

12 Gnathopod 2 basis with a mid-distal tubercle (fig. 10g) or small antero–distal tubercles (fig. 10f)..................... 13

- Gnathopod 2 basis without tubercles (fig. 10e).............................................................. 14

13 Maxilla 1 palp constricted (fig. 10h); gnathopod 1 coxa without facial setae (fig. 9x), carpus proximal margin dentate, dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 x propodus length (fig. 10i); gnathopod 2 basis with small anterodistal tubercles, posterior margin without setae, propodus primary mediofacial setal row above midline, palm with large tubercles (fig. 10k); pereopods 5 and 7 coxae with facial setae (fig. 10c)........................................................... Leucothoe assimilis

- Maxilla 1 palp 2–articulate (fig. 9g); gnathopod 1 coxa with facial setae (fig. 9y), carpus proximal margin serrate, dactylus reaching 0.1–0.2 x propodus length (fig. 10j); gnathopod 2 basis with one mid-distal tubercle, posterior margin setose, propodus primary mediofacial setal row displaced to midline, palm with very small tubercles (fig. 10l); pereopods 5 and 7 coxae without facial setae (fig. 10d)............................................................... Leucothoe incisa

14 Antenna 1 peduncle article 1 width greater than 2 x article 2 (fig. 10n); pereopods 5–7 bases with facial setae (fig. 10c).... 15

- Antenna 1 peduncle article 1 width less than 2 x article 2 (fig. 10m); pereopods 5–7 bases without facial setae (fig. 10d)... 17

15 Head anterior margin rounded (fig. 10o); gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad (fig. 10q); coxa 4 with facial setae (fig. 10s); telson apex tridentate (fig. 5u).................................................................. Leucothoe oboa

- Head anterior margin truncate (fig. 10p); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long (fig. 10r); coxa 4 without facial setae (fig. 10t); telson apex rounded (fig. 5v)............................................................................ 16

16 Antenna 1 flagellum11+ articulate (fig. 8j); gnathopod 1 carpus proximal margin with denticles (fig. 10v); gnathopod 2 carpus straight, distally tapered, propodus palm dentate (fig. 10w); coxa 3 anterior and distal margins smooth, facial setae present (fig. 11a); pereopods 5–7 bases posterior margins smooth (fig. 11d); telson without facial setae (fig. 11f)...... Leucothoe occulta

- Antenna 1 flagellum 6–10 articulate (fig. 8i); gnathopod 1 carpus proximal margin serrate (fig. 10u); gnathopod 2 carpus curved, distally truncate, propodus palm with 1–6 small tubercles (fig. 10x); coxa 3 anterior and distal margins serrate, facial setae absent (fig. 11b); pereopods 5–7 bases posterior margins serrate (fig. 11c); telson with facial setae (fig. 11e).............................................................................................. Leucothoe pachycera

17 Gnathopod 2 dactylus greater than 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 11h)................................. Leucothoe furina

- Gnathopod 2 dactylus less than 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 11g)................................................ 18

18 Gnathopod 2 propodus palm sub-rectangular, dactylus reaching less than 0.5 x propodus length (fig. 11g)..................................................................................................... Leucothoe euryonyx

- Gnathopod 2 propodus palm convex (fig. 11i) or linear (fig. 11j), dactylus reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length (fig. 11i)... 19

19 Gnathopod 2 dactylus proximal margin tuberculate (fig. 11i).................................................. 20

- Gnathopod 2 dactylus proximal margin smooth (fig. 11h)..................................................... 21

20 Gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, anterior margin smooth, basis anterodistally expanded, posterior margin bare, carpus length less than 0.4 x propodus length, straight, distally tapered, propodus palm linear (fig. 11j); pereopods 5–7 bases broadly expanded (length 1.4 x width or less) (fig. 11d); telson apex rounded (fig. 5v).................... Leucothoe dolichoceras

- Gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, anterior margin serrate, basis distally expanded, posterior margin setose, carpus length 0.4–0.6 x propodus length, curved, with large subdistal tooth, propodus palm convex (fig. 11i); pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly expanded (length greater than 1.4 x width) (fig. 11k); telson apex with weak point (fig. 9e)............ Leucothoe procera

21 Gnathopod 2 carpus with subdistal tooth (fig. 11l), telson apex truncate (fig. 9d).................... Leucothoe spinulosa View in CoL

- Gnathopod 2 carpus without armament, distally tapered (fig. 11m), truncate (fig. 11o), or rounded (fig. 11n), telson apex rounded (fig. 5v), bidentate (fig. 11p), or with a strong point (fig. 9e)............................................ 22

22 Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 11–20 setae (fig. 11q); gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin bare, posterior margin with 11+ setae (fig. 11s); coxa 4 anterior margin with cusp, distal margin excavate with posterior lobe (fig. 11u)................................................................................................. Leucothoe serraticarpa

- Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 1–10 setae (fig. 11r); gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin setose, posterior margin bare or with 1–10 setae (fig. 11t); coxa 4 anterior margin without cusp, distal margin evenly rounded or produced (fig. 11v).... 23

23 Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin setose (fig. 11s); gnathopod 2 propodus palm smooth (fig. 11w); telson length less than 1.8 x width (fig. 11y)..................................................................... Leucothoe lilljeborgii

- Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin bare (fig. 11r); gnathopod 2 propodus palm with ornamentation (fig. 11x); telson length greater than 1.8 x width (fig. 11z)........................................................................ 24

24 Antenna 2 longer than antenna 1 (fig. 6e); mandibular palp article 3 subequal to article 1 (fig. 9p), article 3 with more than two distal setae (fig. 9o); gnathopod 2 carpus reaching less than 0.4 x propodus length, distally truncate (fig. 12a); coxa 4 distal margin bare, produced (fig. 11v)........................................................ Leucothoe macrodonta

- Antenna 2 shorter than or subequal to antenna 1 (fig. 6g); mandibular palp article 3 1.0–2.5 x longer than article 1 (fig. 9o), article 3 with two distal setae (fig. 9p); gnathopod 2 carpus reaching 0.4–0.6 x propodus length, distally tapered or rounded (fig. 11x); coxa 4 distal margin setose, evenly rounded (fig. 12b)............................................... 25

25 Maxilliped outer plate reaching 0.5–1.0 x palp article 1 (fig. 12d); gnathopod 1 propodus inflated (fig. 12e); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long (fig. 12h); coxa 3 broader than long, distal margin serrate (fig. 12i); coxa 4 distal margin serrate (fig. 12b); epimeron 2 bare (fig. 12k); telson length 1.8–2.0 x width, apex with strong point (fig. 12m)............. Leucothoe leptosa

- Maxilliped outer plate reaching less than 0.5 x palp article 1 (fig. 12c); gnathopod 1 propodus straight (fig. 12f); gnathopod 2 coxa equally as long as broad (fig. 12g); coxa 3 longer than broad, distal margin smooth (fig. 12j); coxa 4 distal margin smooth (fig. 11v); epimeron 2 setose (fig. 12l); telson length greater than 2.0 x width, apex bidentate (fig. 12n) or rounded (fig. 12o). ................................................................................................... 26

26 Head anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin concave (fig. 12p); gnathopod 2 carpus distally rounded, anterior margin smooth, propodus palm dentate (fig. 12r); coxae 3–4 with facial setae (fig. 12t); pereopods 5–7 bases broadly expanded (length 1.4 x width or less) (fig. 12w); telson apex rounded (fig. 12o).................................... Leucothoe brunonis

- Head anterior margin truncate, anterodistal margin evenly rounded (fig. 12q); gnathopod 2 carpus distally tapered, anterior margin dentate, propodus palm with large tubercles (fig. 12s); coxae 3–4 without facial setae (fig. 12j,u); pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly expanded (length greater than 1.4 x width) (fig. 12v); telson apex bidentate (fig. 12n)........... Leucothoe safiae

27 Gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin serrate (fig. 12x)........................................ Leucothoe stegoceras

- Gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin smooth (fig. 12y)........................................................ 28

28 Pereopods 5–7 bases not expanded (fig. 12z)............................................................... 29

- Pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly (fig. 12v) or broadly expanded (length 1.4 x width or less) (fig. 12w)................... 30

29 Mandibular palp article 3 shorter than article 1 (fig. 12A); gnathopod 1 basis anterior and posterior margins bare (fig. 13a); gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin bare, carpus distally tapered, dactylus reaching less than 0.5 x propodus length (fig. 13c); coxa 4 anterior and distal margins smooth (fig. 13e); telson length less than 1.8 x width, apex with strong point (fig. 13g)....................................................................................... Leucothoe banwarthii

- Mandibular palp article 3 1.0–2.5 longer than article 1 (fig. 12B), gnathopod 1 basis anterior and posterior margins with 1–10 setae (fig. 13b); gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin setose, carpus distally truncate, dactylus reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length (fig. 13d); coxa 4 anterior and distal margins serrate (fig. 13f); telson length greater than 2.0 x width, apex with tridentate (fig. 13h)........................................................................... Leucothoe gracilis

30 Gnathopod 1 propodus palm with large triangular teeth (fig. 13i)............................................... 31

- Gnathopod 1 propodus palm without large triangular teeth (fig. 13j)............................................. 34

31 Head anterior margin truncate (fig. 13k); coxa 1 ventral margin bare, anterodistal corner subtriangular; (fig. 13l), ventral margin rounded; gnathopod 1 carpus proximal margin serrate (fig. 13n); gnathopod 2 basis linear, carpus distally truncate, propodus palm dentate (fig. 13q)............................................................. Leucothoe squalidens

- Head anterior margin rounded (fig. 12p); coxa 1 ventral margin setose, anterodistal corner rounded (fig. 13m); gnathopod 1 carpus proximal margin smooth (fig. 13o) or with denticles (fig. 13p); gnathopod 2 basis expanded, carpus distally tapered, propodus palm with small tubercles (fig. 13r).............................................................. 32

32 Maxilla 1 palp constricted (fig. 10h); gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin with 1–10 setae (fig. 8q); gnathopod 2 carpus 0.4–0.6 x propodus length (fig. 13s); coxa 3 distal margin slightly convex; coxa 4 posterior margin tapered (fig. 13t); telson apex bidentate (fig. 13v)................................................................... Leucothoe cheiriserra

- Maxilla 1 palp 1 (fig. 9f) or 2–articulate (fig. 9g); gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin bare (fig. 8r); gnathopod 2 carpus less than 0.4 x propodus length (fig. 13q); coxa 3 distal margin straight; coxa 4 posterior margin excavate (fig. 13u); telson apex truncate (fig. 13w) or tridentate (fig. 13x)................................................................. 33

33 Maxilla 1 palp 2–articulate (fig. 9g); gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin smooth, propodus curved, dactylus smooth (fig. 14b); gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, ventral margin setose, dactylus reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length (fig. 13r); uropod 3 peduncle shorter than inner ramus length, inner and outer rami without marginal setae (fig. 13y); telson apex truncate (fig. 13w).................................................................................. Leucothoe gavialis

- Maxilla 1 palp 1–articulate (fig. 9f); gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin serrate, propodus straight, dactylus with proximal notch (fig. 14a); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, ventral margin bare, dactylus reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 14c); uropod 3 peduncle longer than inner ramus length, inner and outer rami with marginal setae (fig. 13z); telson apex tridentate (fig. 13x)....................................................................... Leucothoe hipposideros

34 Gnathopod 2 propodus distal margin with blade-like process (fig. 14d).......................................... 35

- Gnathopod 2 propodus distal margin broadly rounded/subtruncate (fig. 14c)...................................... 36

35 Head anterodistal margin evenly rounded without cusp (fig. 14f); mandibular palp article 3 greater than 2.5 x longer than article 1 (fig. 14g); left lacinia mobilis a stout spine (fig. 14h); maxilliped outer plate tuberculate (fig. 14j); gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, carpus with rounded cusps, anterior margin smooth, reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length, propodus with embedded truncate spines, palm sub-rectangular (fig. 14d)....................................... Leucothoe laurensi

- Head anterodistal margin quadrate with cusp (fig. 14e); mandibular palp article 3 1.0–2.5 x longer than article 1 (fig. 9o); left lacinia mobilis large, strongly toothed (fig. 14i); maxilliped outer plate smooth (fig. 14k); gnathopod 2 coxa equally as long as broad, carpus without armament, anterior margin dentate, reaching less than 0.5 x propodus length, propodus without embedded spines, palm convex (fig. 14l)............................................................ Leucothoe ortizi

36 Gnathopod 1 dactylus reaching greater than 0.2 x propodus length (fig. 14m)..................................... 37

- Gnathopod 1 dactylus reaching less than 0.2 x propodus length (fig. 14n)........................................ 72

37 Head anterior margin truncate (fig. 14o)................................................................... 38 - Head anterior margin rounded (fig. 14f) or oblique/transverse (fig. 14p)......................................... 49

38 Pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly expanded (length greater than 1.4 x width) (fig. 12v)................................ 39

- Pereopods 5–7 bases broadly expanded (length 1.4 x width or less) (fig. 12w)..................................... 44

39 Head anterodistal margin oblique, anterodistal margin without cusp (fig. 14q); mandibular palp article 3 shorter than article 1 (fig. 12A); maxilla 1 palp constricted (fig. 10h); gnathopod 1 coxa anterior and posterior margins setose (fig. 14s), basis slightly inflated (fig. 15a); gnathopod 2 propodus palm sub-rectangular (fig. 15d); telson apex truncate (fig. 13w)............................................................................................. Leucothoe urospinosa

- Head anterodistal margin concave (fig. 14r) or quadrate, anterodistal margin with cusp (fig. 14o); mandibular palp article 3 longer than article 1 (fig. 12B), maxilla one palp 2–articulate (fig. 9g); gnathopod 1 coxa anterior and posterior margins bare (fig. 14t), basis distally (fig. 15b) or anteroproximally expanded (fig. 15c); gnathopod 2 propodus palm convex (fig. 15e); telson apex tridentate (fig. 13x) or rounded (fig. 15f)........................................................... 40

40 Head anterior margin sinuous (fig. 14o); mandibular palp article 2 with 11–20 distal setae (fig. 15g); maxilliped inner plate with conate setae, outer plate with plumose marginal setae (fig. 15j); gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, basis anterior margin with more than 16 setae (fig. 15k), dactylus apically obtuse (fig. 15e)........................... Leucothoe barana

- Head anterior margin not sinuous (fig. 14q); mandibular palp article 2 with 1–10 distal setae (fig. 15h); maxilliped inner plate with simple setae, outer plate with simple marginal setae (fig. 15i); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long or equally as long as broad, basis anterior margin with 1–16 setae, dactylus distally acute (fig. 15l)..................................... 41

41 Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner with cusp (fig. 15o); gnathopod 2 carpus distally tapered (fig. 15m)..................................................................................................... Leucothoe kensleyi

- Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner without cusp (fig. 15p), gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate (fig. 15n)............ 42

42 Gnathopod 1 coxa distal margin smooth, anterodistal corner subtriangular, posterior margin straight (fig. 15p), basis anteroproximally expanded, posterior margin bare (fig. 15c), propodus inflated (fig. 15q); gnathopod 2 carpus less than 0.4 x propodus length, spoon-like, anterior margin smooth, propodus palm with large projections (fig. 15s); telson apex rounded (fig. 15f)...................................................................................... Leucothoe tolkieni

- Gnathopod 1 coxa distal margin serrate, anterodistal corner rounded, posterior margin excavate, basis distally expanded, posterior margin setose, propodus straight (fig. 15r); gnathopod 2 carpus 0.4–0.6 x propodus length, not spoon-like, anterior margin with ornamentation, propodus palm with small projections (fig. 15t); telson apex tridentate (fig. 13x).................. 43

43 Head anterodistal margin concave (fig. 14r); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin bare (fig. 15r); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, distal margin serrate, basis posterior margin bare (fig. 15x); pereopod 6 basis posterior margin serrate (fig. 16a); telson length 1.8–2.0 x width, without facial setae (fig. 16d)....................................... Leucothoe angusticoxa

- Head anterodistal margin quadrate (fig. 15u); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 1–10 setae (fig. 15v); gnathopod 2 coxa equally as long as broad, distal margin smooth, basis posterior margin setose (fig. 15w); pereopod 6 basis posterior margin smooth (fig. 16b); telson length greater than 2.0 x width, with facial setae (fig. 16c)................ Leucothoe hortapugai

44 Head anterodistal margin without cusp (fig. 16e); gnathopod 2 coxa posterior margin slightly excavate (fig. 16g); uropod 3 peduncle shorter than inner ramus length (fig. 16i)....................................... Leucothoe predenticulata

- Head anterodistal margin with cusp (fig. 16f); gnathopod 2 coxa posterior margin straight or rounded (fig. 16h); uropod 3 peduncle longer than inner ramus length (fig. 16j)........................................................... 45

45 Head anterodistal margin oblique, ventral cephalic keel anteroventral margin rounded (fig. 16f); gnathopod 1 propodus with more than 10 distal setae (fig. 16n); epimeron 2 with ventral setae, epimeron 3 posteroventral corner rounded (fig. 16o); (female with long setae on posterior margin of gnathopod 1 basis (fig. 16m ))........................ Leucothoe ubouhu

- Head anterodistal margin quadrate (fig. 16q) or subquadrate (fig. 16k), ventral cephalic keel anteroventral margin with projection (fig. 16k,q); gnathopod 1 propodus with 1–10 distal setae (fig. 16l); epimeron 2 bare, epimeron 3 posteroventral corner subquadrate (fig. 16p); (female without long setae on posterior margin of gnathopod 1 basis)......................... 46

46 Head anterodistal margin subquadrate, ventral cephalic keel anteroventral margin with a simple cusp (fig. 16k); mandible incisors strongly dentate (fig. 16r); maxilla 2 inner plate without facial setae (fig. 16t); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner rounded, basis anterior margin bare (fig. 16l); coxa 4 distal margin serrate (fig. 16w)............... Leucothoe madrasana

- Head anterodistal margin quadrate, ventral cephalic keel anteroventral margin with an anteriorly projecting cusp (fig. 16q); mandible incisors weakly dentate (fig. 16s); maxilla 2 inner plate with facial setae (fig. 16u); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner subquadrate, basis anterior margin setose (fig. 16v); coxa 4 distal margin smooth (fig. 16x).................... 47

47 Gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin serrate, anterodistal corner with cusp, posterior margin oblique (fig. 16v); gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, distal margin setose, with facial setae (fig. 16z), palm with large projections (fig. 16C); coxa 4 posterior margin tapered (fig. 16x); telson apex rounded (fig. 15f)....................................... Leucothoe garifunae

- Gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin smooth, anterodistal corner without cusp, posterior margin excavate (fig. 16y); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, distal margin bare, without facial setae (fig. 16A), palm with small projections (fig. 16B); coxa 4 posterior margin excavate (fig. 16w); telson apex tridentate (fig. 16x)................................ Leucothoe goowera

48 Pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly expanded (length greater than 1.4 x width) (fig. 17a)................................ 49

- Pereopods 5–7 bases broadly expanded (length 1.4 x width or less) (fig. 17b)..................................... 57

49 Gnathopod 1 propodus proximally inflated (fig. 17c); gnathopod 2 coxa anterior margin serrate, carpus reaching greater than 0.6 x propodus, propodus with large, comb-like projections (fig. 17e); coxa 3 anterior margin serrate (fig. 17h)................................................................................................ Leucothoe ctenochir

- Gnathopod 1 propodus straight (fig. 17d); gnathopod 2 coxa anterior margin smooth, carpus reaching less than 0.6 x propodus, propodus with small or large, non-comb-likecomb-like projections (fig. 17f); coxa 3 anterior margin smooth (fig. 17g).... 50

50 Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin setose (fig. 17j)......................................................... 51

- Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin bare (fig. 17i)........................................................... 52 51 Gnathopod 1 basis anterior and posterior margins with 1–10 setae, carpus proximal margin smooth, propodus palm serrate (fig. 17k); gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin setose, carpus distally tapered, propodus mediofacial setal row above midline, palm with large projections (fig. 17m); telson apex tridentate (fig. 17o)............................... Leucothoe boolpooli

- Gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin with 11–20 setae, posterior margin with 21+ setae, carpus proximal margin dentate, propodus palm dentate (fig. 17j); gnathopod 2 coxa equally as long as broad, basis posterior margin bare, carpus distally truncate, propodus mediofacial setal row displaced to midline, palm with small projections (fig. 17l); telson apex with strong point (fig. 17n)................................................................................... Leucothoe miersi

52 Gnathopod 2 carpus with subdistal tooth (fig. 17p).......................................................... 53

- Gnathopod 2 carpus without subdistal tooth (fig. 17f)........................................................ 55

53 Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin bare, carpus anterior margin smooth, propodus palm with 1–6 small tubercles (fig. 17p); uropod 2 peduncle longer than inner ramus length, outer ramus subequal to inner ramus length (fig. 18d)................................................................................................... Leucothoe diemenensis

- Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin setose, carpus anterior margin dentate, propodus palm dentate (fig. 18a) or with large tubercles (fig. 18b); uropod 2 peduncle subequal to or shorter than inner ramus length, outer ramus shorter than inner ramus length (fig. 18c)........................................................................................... 54

54 Gnathopod 1 coxa distal margin oblique, posterior margin straight, propodus with 1–10 distal setae (fig. 18e); gnathopod 2 coxa anterodistally rounded, basis anterior margin with 9–16 setae, straight with large subdistal tooth, propodus palm with large projections, dactylus reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length (fig. 18b); coxa 4 posterior margin tapered (fig. 18g); pereopods 5–7 bases posterior margins smooth (fig. 18i); epimeron 1 bare (fig. 18k); telson apex with strong point (fig. 18m)............................................................................................. Leucothoe articulosa

- Gnathopod 1 coxa distal margin straight, posterior margin excavate, propodus with more than 10 distal setae (fig. 18f); gnathopod 2 coxa anterodistally subquadrate, basis anterior margin with 16+ setae, carpus curved with small subdistal tooth, ropodus palm with small projections, dactylus reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 18a); coxa 4 posterior margin excavate (fig. 18h); pereopods 5–7 bases posterior margins serrate (fig. 18j); epimeron 1 tuft of anteroventral setae (fig. 18l); telson apex bidentate (fig. 18n)................................................................... Leucothoe spinicarpa

55 Mandibular palp article 2 with 11–20 distal setae (fig. 18o); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin subtriangular, carpus distal margin setose, proximal margin dentate (fig. 17d); gnathopod 2 carpus length 0.4–0.6 x propodus length, dactylus reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 17f); epimeron 3 posteroventral corner produced (fig. 18t); telson apex tridente (fig. 18v)................................................................................... Leucothoe wuriti

- Mandibular palp article 2 with 1–10 distal setae (fig. 18p); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin rounded, carpus distal margin bare, proximal margin smooth (fig. 18q); gnathopod 2 carpus length less than 0.4 x propodus length, dactylus reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length (fig. 18r); epimeron 3 posteroventral corner not produced (fig. 18s); telson apex rounded (fig. 18w) or with weak point (fig. 18u).................................................................................. 56

56 Antenna 1–2 flagella 3–5 articulate (fig. 18x); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner evenly rounded, posterior margin straight, basis slightly inflated, anterior margin bare (fig. 19a); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, carpus distally rounded (fig. 19b); coxa 3 broader than long (fig. 18A); pereopods 5–7 bases posterior margins bare (fig. 19d); telson apex with weak point (fig. 18u)............................................................................... Leucothoe acanthopus

- Antenna 1 flagellum 11+ articulate, antenna 2 flagellum 6–10 articulate (fig. 18y); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner produced, posterior margin exacavate, basis distally expanded, anterior margin setose (fig. 18q); gnathopod 2 coxa equally as long as broad, carpus distally truncate (fig. 18r); coxa 3 longer than broad (fig. 18z); pereopods 5–7 bases posterior margins setose (fig. 19c); telson apex rounded (fig. 18w).................................................. Leucothoe denticulata

57 Gnathopod 2 propodus palm with large tubercles (fig. 19e).................................................... 58

- Gnathopod 2 propodus palm dentate or with small tubercles (fig. 19f)........................................... 65

58 Gnathopod 2 articles 2 and 3 posteromedial margins with long curved, broom–like setae (fig. 19e)......... Leucothoe saron

- Gnathopod 2 articles 2 and 3 posteromedial margins without long curved, broom–like setae (fig. 19b).................. 59

59 Gnathopod 1 propodus posterior margin with a single unguis/seta (fig. 19g); gnathopod 2 dactylus reaching less than 0.5 x propodus length (fig. 19j).............................................................. Leucothoe hendrickxi

- Gnathopod 1 propodus posterior margin without ornamentation (fig. 19h); gnathopod 2 dactylus reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length (fig. 19i)...................................................................................... 60

60 Gnathopod 1 carpus distal margin setose (fig. 19h); gnathopod 2 basis with anterodistal tubercles, carpus distally truncate, spoon-like (fig. 19i).................................................................... Leucothoe epidemos

- Gnathopod 1 carpus distal margin bare (fig. 19k); gnathopod 2 basis without tubercles, carpus not spoon-like (fig. 19l).... 61

61 Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin with serrations, carpus distally truncate (fig. 19l)................... Leucothoe campi

- Gnathopod 2 basis anterior margin smooth (fig. 19m), carpus distally rounded (fig. 19n), expanded (fig. 19o), or tapered (fig. 19p)............................................................................................... 62

62 Maxilliped inner plate with facial setae (fig. 19r); gnathopod 2 coxa expanded anteriorly (fig. 19s), carpus distally rounded (fig. 19n), reaching less than 0.4 x propodus length (fig. 19u)................................. Leucothoe commensalis

- Maxilliped inner plate without facial setae (fig. 19q); gnathopod 2 coxa rounded or straight (fig. 19t), carpus distally tapered (fig. 19p) or expanded (fig. 19o), reaching 0.4–0.6 x propodus length (fig. 19v)................................... 63

63 Mandible incisors strongly dentate (fig. 20a); maxilliped outer plate reaching 0.5–1.0 x palp article 1 (fig. 20c); gnathopod 1 propodus palm dentate (fig. 20e); pereopods 5 and 7 bases posterior margins smooth (fig. 20g); telson length 1.8–2.0 x width (fig. 20i)......................................................................... Leucothoe creanatipalma

- Mandible incisors weakly dentate (fig. 20b); maxilliped outer plate reaching less than 0.5 x palp article 1 (fig. 20d); gnathopod 1 propodus palm serrate (fig. 20f); pereopods 5 and 7 bases posterior margins serrate (fig. 20h); telson length greater than 2.0 x width (fig. 20j)....................................................................................... 64

64 Maxilla 1 palp 2–articulate (fig. 20k); maxilliped outer plate smooth, without facial setae (fig. 20d); gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin setose, serrate, distal margin serrate, anterodistal corner rounded, with cusp, basis anterior margin with 1–10 setae (fig. 20o); gnathopod 2 basis distally expanded, posterior margin setose (fig. 19m), carpus distally expanded (fig. 19o), dactylus apically acute (fig. 19v); epimeron 1 with tuft of anteroventral setae (fig. 20q); telson apex tridentate (fig. 20s)................................................................................................. Leucothoe ashleyae

- Maxilla 1 palp constricted (fig. 20l); maxilliped outer plate tuberculate, with facial setae (fig. 20m); gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin bare, smooth, distal margin smooth, anterodistal corner subtriangular, without cusp, basis anterior margin bare (fig. 20n); gnathopod 2 basis anterodistally expanded, posterior margin bare (fig. 20p), carpus distally tapered (fig. 19p), dactylus apically obtuse (fig. 20p); epimeron 1 with ventral seta (fig. 20r); telson apex bidentate (fig. 20t)...... Leucothoe basilobata

65 Maxilliped inner plate with facial setae (fig. 20u); gnathopod 1 dactylus inner margin serrate (fig. 20x)..... Leucothoe trailli

- Maxilliped inner plate without facial setae (fig. 20v); gnathopod 1 dactylus inner margin smooth (fig. 20w)............. 66

66 Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin setose (fig. 20y)......................................................... 67

- Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin bare (fig. 20z).......................................................... 68

67 Gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin serrate, anterodistal corner rounded (fig. 20A), basis posterior margin with 1–10 setae (fig. 20y); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, basis slightly posteriorly expanded, anterior margin with 9–16 setae, propodus mediofacial setal row reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length, palm with 1–6 small tubercles (fig. 21a); pereopods 5 and 7 bases posterior margins serrate (fig. 20h); epimeron 1 bare (fig. 21c); telson apex tridentate (fig. 20s)..................................................................................................... Leucothoe makrommatos

- Gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin smooth, anterodistal corner subtriangular, basis posterior margin with 11–20 setae (fig. 20B); gnathopod 2 coxa equally as long as broad, basis distally expanded, anterior margin with 1–8 setae, propodus mediofacial setal row reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length, palm dentate (fig. 21b); pereopods 5 and 7 bases posterior margins smooth (fig. 20g); epimeron 1 with tuft of anteroventral setae (fig. 20q); telson apex with strong point (fig. 20C)................................................................................................... Leucothoe occidentalis

68 Ventral cephalic keel anterior margin with projection, anteroventral margin with an anteriorly projecting cusp (fig. 21d); mandible incisors weakly dentate (fig. 21i), palp article 2 with 11–20 distal setae (fig. 21j); coxa 4 anterior margin serrate (fig. 21l)........................................................................................ Leucothoe tarte

- Ventral cephalic keel anterior margin excavate (fig. 21e) or transverse (fig. 21f), anteroventral margin rounded (fig. 21g), subquadrate (fig. 21e), or quadrate (fig. 21f); mandible incisors strongly dentate (fig. 21h), palp article 2 with 1–10 distal setae (fig. 21k); coxa 4 anterior margin smooth (fig. 21m)......................................................... 69

69 Head anterior margin oblique with projection, ventral cephalic keel anterior margin excavate, ventral margin oblique (fig. 21e); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin bare (fig. 20z); gnathopod 2 carpus straight, distally truncate (fig. 21o); epimeron 3 posteroventral corner produced (fig. 21r)… Leucothoe eumilli

- Head anterior margin rounded, ventral cephalic keel anterior margin transverse, ventral margin straight (fig. 21f); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin setose (fig. 21n); gnathopod 2 carpus curved, distally tapered (fig. 21q) or rounded (fig. 21p); epimeron 3 posteroventral corner not produced (fig. 21s)............................................................... 70

70 Maxilla 1 palp constricted (fig. 20l); maxilliped outer plate reaching less than 0.5 x palp article 1 (fig. 20c); gnathopod 1 carpus distal margin setose, proximal margin dentate (fig. 21t); gnathopod 2 coxa longer than broad, basis anterior margin with 1–8 setae (fig. 21w), carpus distally tapered (fig. 21q); coxa 4 anterior margin evenly rounded (fig. 21l)................... 71

- Maxilla 1 palp 2–articulate (fig. 20k); maxilliped outer plate reaching 0.5–1.0 x palp article 1 (fig.20d); gnathopod 1 carpus distal margin bare, proximal margin without ornamentation (fig. 21u); gnathopod 2 coxa broader than long, basis anterior margin with 9–16 setae (fig. 21v), carpus distally rounded (fig. 21p); coxa 4 anterior margin slightly concave (fig. 21m)............................................................................................ Leucothoe richiardii

71 Maxilliped outer plate without facial setae (fig. 21x); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner subquadrate, distal margin straight, facial setae absent (fig. 21z); gnathopod 2 basis linear (fig. 21w), carpus reaching greater than 0.6 x propodus length, primary mediofacial setal row above midline, reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length, dactylus reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length (fig. 22b); coxa 3 facial seta absent (fig. 22c); telson length 1.8–2.0 x width, apex bidentate (fig. 22e).......... Leucothoe sparsa

- Maxilliped outer plate with facial setae (fig. 21y); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner subtriangular, distal margin rounded, facial seta present (fig. 21A); gnathopod 2 coxa basis expanded, carpus reaching 0.4–0.6 x propodus length, primary mediofacial setal row below midline, reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length, dactylus reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 22a); coxae 3 facial setae present (fig. 22d); telson length greater than 2.0 x width, apex tridentate (fig. 22f)................................................................................................... Leucothoe thula

72 Gnathopods 1 and 2 bases anterior and posterior margins bare (males) (fig. 22g)................................... 73

- Gnathopods 1 and 2 bases anterior and/or posterior margins setose (fig. 22h)...................................... 76

73 Mandibular palp article 3 shorter than article 1, distal margin bare (fig. 22j); maxilla 1 palp 1–articulate (fig. 9f); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin not produced, posterior margin narrowly rounded (fig. 22o); gnathopod 2 carpus distally tapered (fig. 22l).................................................................................. Leucothoe minima

- Mandibular palp article 3 subequal to or longer than article 1, distal margin setose (fig. 22i); maxilla 1 palp 2–articulate (fig. 9g); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin produced, posterior margin straight or excavate (fig. 22n); gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate (fig. 22m) or with small subdistal tooth (fig. 22k)................................................ 74

74 Head anterior margin truncate (fig. 22p); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin subquadrate, distal margin rounded, posterior margin straight (fig. 22n), basis anteroproximally expanded, dactylus reaching less than 0.1 x propodus length (fig. 22s); gnathopod 2 carpus with small subdistal tooth (fig. 22k).......................................... Leucothoe minuscula

- Head anterior margin rounded (fig. 22q) or weakly convex (fig. 22r); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin rounded, distal margin straight, basis distally expanded (fig. 22t)or slightly inflated (fig. 22g), dactylus reaching 0.1–0.2 x propodus length(fig. 22t); gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate (fig. 22m)......................................................... 75

75 Head anterior margin weakly convex, anterodistal margin quadrate with cusp (fig.22r); gnathopod 1 carpus distal margin setose, proximal margin serrate, propodus palm serrate (fig. 22u); gnathopod 2 basis without tubercles (fig. 22g), carpus reaching less than 0.4 x propodus length, not spoon-like, propodus palm with large projections (fig. 23a).......... Leucothoe adelphe

- Head anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin oblique without cusp (fig. 22q); gnathopod 1 carpus distal margin bare, proximal margin smooth, propodus palm dentate (fig. 22t); gnathopod 2 basis with mid-distal tubercle, carpus reaching 0.4–0.6 x propodus length, spoon-like, propodus palm with small projections (fig. 22v)........................ Leucothoe alata

76 Pereopods 5–7 bases narrowly expanded (length greater than 1.4 x width) (fig. 23c)................................ 77

- Pereopods 5–7 bases broadly expanded (length 1.4 x width or less) (fig. 23b)..................................... 86

77 Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner evenly rounded, basis proximally widened, carpus distal margin with several long setae (fig. 23d); gnathopod 2 carpus distally tapered, propodus posterior margin with setae (fig. 23h)........ Leucothoe flammosa

- Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner produced, basis distally expanded (fig. 23e), slightly inflated (fig. 23g), or anteroproximally expanded (fig. 23f), carpus distal margin bare (fig. 23e) or with few short setae (fig. 21t); gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate (fig. 23g), rounded (fig. 23k), or with sub–distal tooth (fig. 23j), propodus posterior margin bare (fig. 23g)....... 78

78 Gnathopod 1 basis anteroproximally widened, propodus curved, not inflated (fig. 23f); gnathopod 2 propodus palm concave with 3–4 major tubercles (fig. 23i); telson length less than 1.8 x width (fig. 23p).................. Leucothoe micronesiae

- Gnathopod 1 basis distally expanded (fig. 23e) or slightly inflated (fig. 23g), propodus curved and inflated (fig. 23e) or straight (fig. 23l); gnathopod 2 propodus palm convex with several large (fig. 23o) or small tubercles (fig. 23n) or dentate (fig. 23m), telson length greater than 1.8 x width (fig. 23q)............................................................. 79

79 Eyes very small, with less than seven ocelli (fig. 23r); gnathopod 1 carpus proximal margin dentate (fig. 23l); gnathopod 2 propodus palm dentate (fig. 23m).......................................................... Leucothoe panpulco

- Eyes large, with more than 10 ocelli (fig. 23s); gnathopod 1 carpus proximal margin smooth (fig. 23e); gnathopod 2 propodus palm with small (fig. 23n) or large tubercles (fig. 23o)....................................................... 80

80 Maxilliped inner plates with facial setae (fig. 23t); gnathopod 2 basis with small anterodistal tubercles (fig. 23w), carpus distally truncate, spoon-like (fig. 23j), dactylus apically obtuse (fig. 24c); coxa 4 posterior margin excavate (fig. 24d); coxa 5 with facial setae (fig. 24f)....................................................................... Leucothoe lihue

- Maxilliped inner plates without facial setae (fig. 23u); gnathopod 2 basis without tubercles (fig. 23v), carpus not spoon-like (fig. 24a), dactylus apically acute (fig. 24b); coxa 4 posterior margin straight or tapered (fig. 24e); coxa 5 without facial setae (fig. 24g)........................................................................................... 81

81 Head anterior margin truncate, anterodistal margin with cusp (fig. 24i); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin subquadrate, anterior margin serrate (fig. 24j), propodus palm dentate (fig. 24m); telson length 1.8–2.0 x width (fig. 24q)..................................................................................................... Leucothoe tridens

- Head anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin without cusp (fig. 24h); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal margin rounded (fig. 24k) or subtriangular, anterior margin smooth (fig. 24l), propodus palm serrate (fig. 24o) or smooth (fig. 24n); telson length greater than 2.0 x width (fig. 24p)........................................................................ 82

82 Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner subtriangular (fig. 24l); gnathopod 2 carpus with large subdistal tooth (fig. 24r)..... 83

- Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner rounded (fig. 24k); gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate (fig. 24a)................ 84

83 Head anterodistal margin evenly rounded (fig. 24h); maxilla 1 palp 2–articulate (fig. 20k); maxilliped outer plate smooth (fig. 24u); gnathopod 1 basis slightly inflated (fig. 24v); gnathopod 2 propodus palm with large projections, dactylus proximal margin smooth (fig. 24x); telson apex with strong point (fig. 24p).................................... Leucothoe laticoxa

- Head anterodistal margin oblique (fig. 24s); maxilla 1 palp constricted (fig. 20l); maxilliped outer plate tuberbulate (fig. 24t); gnathopod 1 basis distally expanded (fig. 24w); gnathopod 2 propodus palm with small projections, dactylus proximal margin with indentation (fig. 24y); telson apex tridentate (fig. 24z)...................................... Leucothoe orkneyi

84 Mandibular palp article 3 shorter than article (fig. 24B); gnathopod 1 propodus palm with more than 10 distal setae (fig. 24C); gnathopod 2 carpus anterior margin smooth, propodus palm smooth, dactylus reaching 0.5–0.7 x propodus length (fig. 25a); pereopods 6–7 bases posterior margins serrate (fig. 25d); telson apex bidentate, with facial setae (fig. 25f).................................................................................................. Leucothoe ctenochasma

- Mandibular palp article 3 longer than article 1 (fig. 24A); gnathopod 1 propodus palm with 1–10 distal setae (fig. 24D); gnathopod 2 carpus anterior margin with ornamentation, propodus palm with projections, dactylus reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 25b); pereopods 6–7 bases posterior margins smooth (fig. 25c); telson apex rounded (fig. 25g) or tridentate (fig. 24q), without facial setae (fig. 24q)............................................................... 85

85 Head anterodistal margin evenly rounded, ventral cephalic keel anteroventral margin subquadrate (fig. 25h); maxilla 1 palp palp 2–articulate (fig. 11k); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin bare (fig. 25k), propodus palm smooth (fig. 25l), dactylus less than 0.1 x propodus length (fig. 24D); gnathopod 2 carpus curved (fig. 25b), propodus with one mediofacial setal row (fig. 25o)................................................................................. Leucothoe neptunea

- Head anterodistal margin subquadrate, ventral cephalic keel anteroventral margin rounded (fig. 25g); maxilla 1 palp 1–articulate (fig. 25i); gnathopod 1 basis anterior margin setose (fig. 25j), propodus palm serrate, dactylus 0.1–0.2 x propodus length (fig. 25m); gnathopod 2 carpus straight, propodus with two mediofacial setal rows (fig. 25n)......... Leucothoe odontiskos

86 Gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate and spoon-like (fig. 25p)................................................. 87

- Gnathopod 2 carpus distally tapered (fig. 25q), expanded (fig. 25s), or truncate (if truncate, not spoon-like) (fig. 25r)..... 88

87 Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner with cusp (fig. 25y), carpus distal margin setose, proximal margin dentate, propodus palm smooth, with more than 10 distal setae (fig. 25u); epimeron 3 ventral margin bare (fig. 25x)....... Leucothoe rudicula

- Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner without cusp (fig. 25t), carpus distal margin bare, proximal margin smooth, propodus palm dentate, with 1–10 distal setae (fig. 25v); epimeron 3 ventral margin setose (fig. 25w).......... Leucothoe venetiarum

88 Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin with 11–20 setae (fig. 26a); gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin with more than 11 setae, propodus proximal margin setose (fig. 26c), carpus anterior margin undulating (fig. 26q).............. Leucothoe undulata

- Gnathopod 1 basis posterior margin bare (fig. 25k) or with 1–10 setae (fig. 26b); gnathopod 2 basis posterior margin bare (fig. 26d) or with 1–10 setae (fig. 26f), propodus proximal margin bare (fig. 26f), carpus anterior margin smooth (fig. 26e) or dentate (fig. 25r)........................................................................................ 89

89 Head anterodistal margin with cusp (fig. 26g); gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin serrate (fig. 26j), carpus proximal margin serrate, propodus palm with intermittent serrations (fig. 26k); gnathopod 2 carpus reaching greater than 0.6 x propodus length, propodus palm palm with 6–7 major tubercles (fig. 26f)......................................... Leucothoe serrata View in CoL

- Head anterodistal margin without cusp (fig. 26h); gnathopod 1 coxa anterior margin smooth (fig. 26i), carpus proximal margin smooth (fig. 26m) or dentate (fig. 26l), propodus palm smooth (fig. 26m) or continually dentate (fig. 26l); gnathopod 2 carpus reaching less than 0.6 x propodus, propodus palm palm with 1–6 large or small tubercles (fig. 26n).................... 90

90 Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner subquadrate (fig. 26i), carpus proximal margin dentate (fig. 26l); uropod 1 peduncle subequal to inner ramus length, epimeron 3 posteroventral corner produced (fig. 26p).................... Leucothoe hyhelia

- Gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner subtriangular (fig. 26o) or rounded (fig. 26p), carpus proximal margin smooth (fig. 26m); uropod 1 peduncle shorter (fig. 26r) or longer (fig. 26q) than inner ramus length, epimeron 3 posteroventral corner not produced(fig. 26t).................................................................................... 91

91 Maxilla 1 palp 1-articulate (fig. 27a); gnathopod 1 coxa distal margin setose, posterior margin straight (fig. 26u), basis anterior margin bare, posterior margin setose (fig. 27c); gnathopod 2 dactylus reaching greater than 0.7 x propodus length (fig. 26n)..................................................................................... Leucothoe laevipalma

- Maxilla 1 palp 2-articulate (fig. 27b); gnathopod 1 coxa distal margin bare, posterior margin excavate (fig. 26p), basis anterior margin setose, posterior margin bare (fig. 27d); gnathopod 2 dactylus reaching 0.5-0.7 x propodus length (fig. 27e)....... 92

92 Gnathopod 1 basis anteroproximally and posterodistally widened (fig. 27f), carpus distal margin setose, propodus with more than 10 distal setae (fig. 27h); gnathopod 2 carpus reaching less than 0.4 x propodus length, distally tapered, propodus palm with 1-6 small tubercles (fig. 27e)............................................................ Leucothoe bova

- Gnathopod 1 basis proximally widened (fig. 27d) or slightly inflated (fig. 27g), carpus distal margin bare, propodus with 1-10 distal setae (fig. 27i); gnathopod 2 carpus reaching 0.4-0.6 x propodus length (fig. 27j), distally truncate (fig. 27k) or expanded (fig. 25s), propodus palm dentate (fig. 27l) or with large tubercles (fig. 27j)...................................... 93

93 Head anterior margin truncate, anterodistal margin quadrate (fig. 27m); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner rounded with cusp (fig. 27o), basis proximally widened (fid. 27d), propodus straight (fig. 27p); gnathopod 2 carpus distally truncate (fig. 27k); pereopods 6-7 bases posterior margins serrate (fig. 27q); telson length greater than 2.0 x width (fig. 27s)............................................................................................... Leucothoe acutilobata

- Head anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin rounded (fig. 27n); gnathopod 1 coxa anterodistal corner subtriangular without cusp (fig. 26o), basis slightly inflated (fig. 27g), propodus curved (fig. 27i); gnathopod 2 carpus distally expanded (fig. 25s); pereopods 6-7 bases posterior margins smooth (fig. 27r); telson length 1.8-2.0 x width (fig. 27t)..... Leucothoe nagatai

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