Glenosema ahlukileyo Azevedo & van Noort, 2019

Azevedo, Celso O. & Noort, Simon Van, 2019, Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species, Zootaxa 4585 (3), pp. 401-437 : 418-421

Glenosema ahlukileyo Azevedo & van Noort , sp. nov.

Fig. 10

Description, holotype Ƌ. Body length 1.7 mm. Forewing length 1.1 mm.

Colour. Head black, antenna dark castaneous with scape and pedicel almost black, mandible from almost black proximally to dark castaneous distally, palpi dark castaneous; mesosoma black, legs dark castaneous with tarsi lighter, wings subhyaline, veins castaneous; metasoma dark castaneous.

Head. Mandible 0.46 × LH, distinctly wider distally, distal teeth large. Clypeus with well-projected trapezoidal median lobe, its surface inclined at 45 o, median area elevated but forming carina, apical margin shortly triangular in frontal view, lateral lobe short. Antennal foramina distant each other about 1.0 × antennal foramen diameter. First four antennomeres in ratio 17:6:12:12. Antenna reaching metasoma, pedicel longer than wide, flagellomeres more than twice as long as wide; flagellar pubescence dense, short and subappressed with some sub-erect outstanding setae; sensilla pale, elongate, dense, aligned in longitudinal series of about 3–4 in each flagellomere. Eye suboval, small, placed at middle area of head in lateral view, with sparse and long setae. Frons strongly coriaceous, punctures small, inconspicuous, shallow, very sparse one another, frontal line as polished impression, short. LH 1.13 × WH. WF 0.62 × WH. WF 1.5 × HE. OOL 1.96 × WOT. VOL 1.21 × HE. Distance of posterior ocellus to vertex crest 1.67 × DAO. Distance of anterior ocellus to supra-ocular line 2.78 × DAO. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; ocellar triangle compact, POL 1.53 × DAO. Vertex convex, sides of head posterior to eye converging posterad. Occipital carina complete. Malar space 0.44 × as long as wide. Hypostomal carina evenly slightly curved, not angled medially.

Mesosoma. Mesothorax strongly coriaceous as frons. Dorsal pronotal area subtrapezoidal, wider than long; disc depressed forward, slope of pronotal collar not outlined by any margin. Mesonotum divided into anteromesoscutum and mesoscutellar-axillary complex, clearly separated by transscutal fissure. Anteromesoscutum about as long as mesoscutellum, notauli absent, parapsidal signal incomplete anteriorly. Mesoscutum-mesoscutellar suture conspicuous, deep, anterior and posterior margins straight medially and curved laterally, posterior margin not notched medially, lateral end dilated and rounded. Metapectal-propodeal disc areolate, glabrous, surface flat centrally and convex peripherally, median length 1.16 × median width, metapostnotal median carina complete, although weakly; metapostnotal-propodeal carina very short, occupying only anterior four of disc, paraspiracular carina absent; lateral carina present and conspicuous; transverse posterior carina complete; spiracle small, elliptical, placed at lateral carina. Propodeal declivity areolate, surface subvertical and flat, median carina absent. Lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex areolate. Prosternum mediansized and concave. Mesopleuron with mesepimeron and mesepisternum completely separated by mesopleural suture, mesopleural pit small and deep. Forewing with two closed cells, costal vein absent.

Metasoma. Very weakly coriaceous, tergite II about 2.6 × as long as tergite III, with pair of elongate, not excavated light antero-lateral spots. Hypopygium triangular, posterior margin angularly produced. Genitalia: diminute, about 250 µm long, paramere double, dorsal one with dorsal margin straight and ventral margin slightly concave, ventral one evenly narrow with rounded apex. Cuspis bifid, ventral arm short with rounded apex, dorsal arm long with rounded apex. Aedeagus subbottle-shaped, basal portion only slightly dilated, about 0.4 × as long as aedeagus; apical portion thick and elongate, about 0.6 × as long as aedeagus, progressively filamentous and little sclerotized apicad, apex curved outward, not surpassing slightly paramere apex height; apodeme slightly thickening basad, straight, not surpassing genital ring; dorsal half of genital ring much more advanced basad than ventral half.

Variation. Body smaller or longer; entirely lighter with head and mesosoma dark castaneous; head wider, or with sides parallel; ocellar triangle elongate; median clypeal lobe narrower or shorter; pronotal disc not so depressed; mesoscutellum narrower anteriorly; mesoscutellar sulcus not wider medially, or straight, or shorter; metapostnotal carina more conspicuous and not faint or weaker and incomplete; spots of metasomal tergite II slightly excavated; posterior hypopygeal margin not angularly produced.

Material examined. Holotype ♂, South Africa, Western Cape, Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay , 32°58’S 17°54’E, 12 February–13 March 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM- P087455 ) . Paratypes. South Africa, Northern Cape, 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 758m, 31°24.293′S 19°09.215′E, 25 Dec 2008 – 27 Jan 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld , GL07-DOL2-Y31 ( SAM-HYM-P087504 ) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 741m, 31°24.182′S 19°08.587′E, 27 January–2 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld , GL07- REN3 -Y39 ( SAM-HYM-P087505 ) ; 2♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 758m, 31°24.293′S 19°09.215′E, 27 January–2 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld , GL07- DOL2 -Y43 ( SAM-HYM-P087506 *) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 752m, 31°23.802′S 19°08.799′E, 2–23 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld , GL07- REN1 -Y50 ( SAM-HYM-P087507 ) ; 2♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 758m, 31°24.293′S 19°09.215′E, 2-23 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Nieuwoudtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld , GL07- DOL2 -Y55 ( SAM-HYM-P08 7508 , SAM-HYM-P087509 ) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 749m, 31°20.602′S 19°11.695′E, 2–23 March 2009, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Hantam Succulent Karoo , GL07- SUC1 -Y61 ( SAM-HYM-P087510 ) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 758 m, 31°24.293’S 19°09.215’E, 27 Aug–27 Oct 2009, Nieuwou0dtville-Roggeveld Dolerite Renosterveld , GL07- DOL2 -Y127 ( SAM-HYM-P038934 ) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 741m, 31°24.182′S 19°08.587′E, 9 Feb–1 April 2010, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Nieuwoudtville Shale Renosterveld , GL07- REN3 -Y132 ( SAM-HYM- P087511 ) ; 1♂, Hantam National Botanical Garden, 749m, 31°20.602′S 19°11.695′E, 9 Feb–1 April 2010, S van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Hantam Succulent Karoo , GL07- SUC1 -Y136 ( SAM-HYM-P087512 ) ; 1♂, Tankwa National Park, Elandsberg , 595m, 32°10.404'S 19°58.498'E, 4–6 May 2014, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Tanqua Succulent Karoo , TKW14 - SUC3 -Y03 ( SAM-HYM-P087513 ) ; South Africa, Western Cape, 3♂, Salmanslaagte, 459m, 32°03.228’S 19°06.258’E, 26–28.ii.2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Cederberg , Sandstone Fynbos , TR09-Y01 (SAM-HYM-A027215, SAM-HYM-P087514 *) ; 1♂, Wolfdrif, 278m, 32°00.993’S 19°03.467’E, 26– 28.ii.2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, Cederberg , Sandstone Fynbos , TR09-Y02 ( SAM-HYM-A027218 ) ; 1♂ Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay , 32°58’S 17°54’E, 7 November–13 December 1996, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P087456 ) ; 7♂ Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay , 32°58’S 17°54’E, 15 January– 12 February 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P0 87457 , SAM-HYM- P087458 , SAM-HYM-P087459 , SAM-HYM-P087460 , SAM-HYM-P087461 , SAM-HYM-P087462 *) ; 3♂ Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay , 32°58’S 17°54’E, 12 February–13 March 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P0 87463 , SAM-HYM-P087464 , SAM-HYM-P087465 ) ; 7♂ Jacobsbaai, N of Saldanha Bay , 32°58’S 17°54’E, 13 March–16 April 1997, H.G. Roberston, ex pitfall trap, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P08 7466 , SAM-HYM-P0 87467 , SAM-HYM-P087468 , SAM-HYM-P087469 , SAM-HYM- P087470 , SAM-HYM-P087471 , SAM-HYM-P087471 *) ; 1♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 270° W Langebaanweg ) 32°58.461'S 18°07.344'E, 27.xi–4.xii 2002, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N2-M145, Sand Plain Fynbos ( SAM- HYM-P087472 ) ; 2♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 270° W Langebaanweg ) 32°58.461'S 18°07.344'E, 25.xii. 02 – 1.i.03, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N2-M153, Sand Plain Fynbos ( SAM-HYM-P087473 , SAM-HYM-P087474 ) ; 1♂, Langberg Farm, (3 km 270° W Langebaanweg ) 32°58.461'S 18°07.344'E, 15–22 Jan 2003, S van Noort, Malaise trap LW02-N2-M159, Sand Plain Fynbos ( SAM-HYM-P087475 ) ; 3♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 11 July–8 Aug 1997, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M06, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM- P087476 , SAM-HYM-P087477 *) ; 3♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 27 Dec 1997 – 23 Jan 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M18, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P087478 , SAM-HYM-P087479 , SAM-HYM-P087480 ) ; 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 23 Jan–20 Feb 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M20, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P087481 ) ; 2♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 20 Feb–20 Mar 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M24, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P08 7482 , SAM-HYM-P087483 ) ; 2♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 20 Mar– 17 April 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M28, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P0 87484 , SAM-HYM- P087485 ) ; 1♂, Koeberg Nature Reserve, 33°37.622'S 18°24.259'E, 17 April–15 May 1998, S van Noort, Malaise trap KO97-M32, West Coast Strandveld ( SAM-HYM-P087486 ) ; 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 23.xii.2008 – 16.i.2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Gamka Thicket GB09- SUC1 -M01 ( SAM- HYM-P087488 , SAM-HYM-P087489 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 16 Jan–8 Feb 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Gamka Thicket GB09- SUC1 -M02 ( SAM-HYM-P087490 ) ; 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, 33°39.941′S 21°53.505′E, 315m, 8 Feb–21 Mar 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, Gamka Thicket GB09- SUC1 -M03 ( SAM-HYM-P087491 , SAM-HYM-P087492 ) ; 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 21 Mar–5 May 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC1 -M04 ( SAM-HYM-A027201 , SAM-HYM-P087492 ) ; 2♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 5–23 May 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC4 -M09 ( SAM- HYM-A027199 , SAM-HYM-P087494 ) ; 3♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.570’S 21°53.957’E, 328 m, 23 May–31 Jul 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC3 -M12 ( SAM-HYM-A027216 , SAM-HYM-P08 7487 , SAM-HYM- P087495 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 23 May–31 Jul 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC4 -M13 ( SAM-HYM-A027219 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 10 Sept–4 Nov 2009, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC4 -M23 ( SAM-HYM-A027200 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.570’S 21°53.957’E, 328 m, 30 Mar–24 Jul 2010, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC3 -M37 ( SAM- HYM-A027204 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 30 Mar–24 Jul 2010, S. van Noort, Malaise trap, GB09- SUC4 -M38 ( SAM-HYM-A 022358 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 10 Sept–4 Nov 2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC1 -Y34 ( SAM-HYM-A 022366 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 10 Sept–4 Nov 2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC4 -Y35 ( SAM-HYM-A 022368 ) ; 4♂ Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 10 Sept–4 Nov 2009, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC4 -Y37 (SAM-HYM-A 022369, SAM-HYM-P08 7496, SAM-HYM-P087497*) ; 3♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 19 Feb–30 Mar 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC1 -Y44 ( SAM-HYM-A027198 , SAM-HYM-P087499 *) ; 3♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 19 Feb–30 Mar 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC4 -Y46 ( SAM-HYM-A 022361 , SAM-HYM-P0 87501 , SAM-HYM-P087502 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.941’S 21°53.505’E, 315 m, 30 Mar–24 Jul 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC1 -Y53 ( SAM-HYM-A 022353 ) ; 1♂, Gamkaberg Nature Reserve, Gamka Thicket , 33°39.504’S 21°53.947’E, 322 m, 30 Mar–24 Jul 2010, S. van Noort, Yellow pan trap, GB09- SUC4 -Y55 ( SAM-HYM- A027206 ) .

Variation. This species has a broad range of variation, head narrower or wider; eyes larger; ocellar triangle more compact or broader, or elongate; sides of head more parallel or more convergent posteriorly, paraspiracular carina of the metapectal-propodeal complex varying from completely absent to fully complete; ventral arm of paramere slightly wider, especially apically; both ventral and dorsal arms of cuspis slightly short or longer with apical margin slightly more rounded or blunt.

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by having the males with the head elongate and slightly progressively widened anterad, resembling a subtrapezoidal shape in dorsal view, as much as in the females of several species. Additionally, the eyes are small in relation to the whole head. This combination of characters in unique in the Afrotropical species.

Etymology. The specific epithet ahlukileyo is an adjective from IsiXhosa, which means diverse, in allusion to the broad range of its intraspecific variation.

Distribution. South Africa.

Figures

FIGURE 10. Glesonema ahlukileyo sp. nov., holotype male. A. Habitus, lateral, inset: labels; B. Mesosoma, dorsal; C. Head, dorsal; D. Genitalia, ventral (paratype).