Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828)

Lowe, Graeme, Yağmur, Ersen Aydın & Kovařík, František, 2014, A review of the genus Leiurus Ehrenberg, 1828 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) with description of four new species from the Arabian Peninsula, Euscorpius 191, pp. 1-129 : 80-88

Leiurus quinquestriatus (Ehrenberg, 1828)

( Figs. 72–82, 87H, 88H, 89H, 90H, 91D, 92J, 93K, 94– 95, 96C, 98–99, Tabs. 3A, 5)

Androctonus (Leiurus) quinquestriatus Ehrenberg in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828, pl. I, fig. 5.

SYNONYMS

Androctonus (Liurus) quinquestriatus aculeatus Ehrenberg in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1831.

REFERENCES

Scorpio occitanus: Audouin in Savigny, 1826: 173, pl. VIII, fig. 1 (in part); Audouin in Savigny, 1827: 410-411, pl. VIII, fig. 1 (in part).

Androctonus (Leiurus) 5- striatus: Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1829: 353.

Androctonus (Liurus) quinquestriatus aculeatus: Ehrenberg in Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1831.

Androctonus quinquestriatus: C. L. Koch, 1841a: 43–44 , pl. CCLXV, fig. 622; C. L. Koch, 1850: 90.

Androctonus (Liurus) quinquestriatus aculeatus: Gervais, 1844: 46 .

Scorpio (Androctonus) quinque-striatus: Gervais, 1844 : 46, pl. XXIV, fig. 2.

Androctonus troilus: C. L. Koch, 1850: 90 .

Buthus quinquestriatus: Koch, 1875: 7 ; Simon, 1879: 100; Karsch, 1881: 89; Pavesi, 1883: 96; Kraepelin, 1891: 58–60, pl. I, fig. 7, pl. II, fig. 38 (in part); Pocock, 1891: 242–243 (in part); Thorell, 1893: 359–360 (in part); Pocock, 1895: 299; Birula, 1898: 134; Kraepelin, 1899: 27–28 (in part); Kraepelin, 1901: 266–267; Werner, 1902: 598; Tullgren, 1909: 3; Birula, 1910: 118, 119–120 (in part); Simon, 1910: 70–71, fig. 9; Borelli, 1915: 461; Birula, 1917b: 4–5, figs. 1a, 2; Lampe, 1917: 191; King, 1925: 82; Borelli, 1927: 351–352; Gough & Hirst, 1927: 5, fig. 8; Borelli, 1929: 297; Schenkel, 1932: 381; Táborsky, 1934: 40 (in part); Werner, 1934: 269 (in part); Moriggi, 1941: 84; Abd-el-Wahab, 1957: 111–121, figs. 1–5.

Buthus (Buthus) quinquestriatus quinquestriatus: Birula, 1908: 124–129 ; Birula, 1917a: 223.

Buthus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus: Birula, 1910: 118 .

Buthus (Buthus) quinquestriatus: Birula, 1917a: 23 , 213 (in part); Birula, 1927: 79–80; Whittick, 1941: 43 (in part); Roewer, 1943: 206 (in part).

Leiurus quinquestriatus: Vachon, 1949: 83 , 88–93 (in part); Vachon, 1950a: 197 (in part); Vachon, 1952: 208–213, 369, 411, 441, 445, 449–452, figs. 639, 678, 686 (in part); Vachon, 1966: 211; Stahnke, 1972: 130 (in part); Probst, 1973: 329; Pérez, 1974: 24 (in part); Lamoral & Reynders, 1975: 509–510 (in part); Levy & Amitai, 1980: 47–48 (in part); Kinzelbach, 1985: map II (in part); El-Hennawy, 1987: 18; El-Hennawy, 1992: 98, 125-126 (in part); Kovařík, 1992: 183; Sissom, 1994: 20–23 (in part); Braunwalder & Fet, 1998: 32; Kovařík, 1998: 112 (in part); Fet & Lowe, 2000: 155 (in part); Lourenço et al. 2006: 98, 100 (in part), fig. 1–3; El-Hennawy, 2005: 76; El-Hennawy, 2008: 118, 121, tab IV; Lourenço & Cloudsley-Thompson, 2009: 126; Yağ- mur et al., 2009: 2–3 (in part); Kovařík & Ojan- guren, 2013: 158, figs. 836–838.

Leiurus quinquestriatus quinquestriatus: Vachon, 1949: 88–93 (in part); Pérez, 1974: 24; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 155; Lourenço et al. 2002: 641; Lourenço et al. 2006: 97; Yağmur et al., 2009: 12.

Androctonus (Leiurus) quinquestriatus: Braunwalder & Fet, 1998: 33 .

NOTE: The above synonymy and reference listing omits records from Libya, Algeria and the southern Sinai, as we did not revise the status of those populations.

TYPE MATERIAL. 8 original syntypes (2 ♂, 2 ♀, 4

juv): Egypt, Sinai; Arabian Desert; Sudan, Dongola (= Dunqulah, Nubia); 1823–1824, leg. F.W. Hemprich & C.G. Ehrenberg ( ZMHB No. 140) (examined, Fig. 82).

OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. Egypt: 2 juvs, Lisht , 29°33'N 31°08'E, 54 m a.s.l., leg. A. Hrdlička ( USNM) ; 1 ♂, 1♀, Kena (= Qena), 26°09.77'N 32° 42.69'E ( NHMB 17g) ; 2 ♀, Girga , 26°19.74'N 31°52.8'E ( NHMB 17 h) ; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Kharga Oasis , 25°15'N 30°35'E ( NHMB 17 i) ; 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 1 juv ♀, Cairo, 30°03'N 31°15'E, leg. Zschokke ( NHMB 17 c) ; 1 ♂, 5 ♀, 2 juvs ♂, 2 juvs ♀, Cairo environs, 30°03'N 31°15'E, leg. E. Graeter ( NHMB 17 d) ; 3 ♀ ( NHMB 17 f) ; 1 ♂, 3 ♀, 2007 (GL). Sudan : 1♂, 4 ♀, Malha , West Darfur, 15°04.63'N 26°09'E, 900 m a.s.l., 20.I.1986, leg. H. Dumont ( MEB 364 ) ; 2 ♂, 7 ♀, 12 juvs, Sabaloka Mt. , ca 16°20'N 32°30'E, 24.X.–14.XI.2011, leg. P. Pokorný ( FKCP) .

DIAGNOSIS (adults). Medium to large Leiurus , 69–90 mm in length, carapace L 7.8–11.0 mm, color uniformly yellow or with variable fuscous markings on carapace and tergites; metasoma V yellow, or darkened except for posterior end; carapace with area between anterior median carinae lacking dark pigment, smooth or slightly roughened, with few sparse granules, area between posterior median carinae flat or with shallow median depression, lateral arcs of granules either very fine or absent; medial intercarinal surfaces of tergites II – III densely shagreened with fine granules, granulation weaker and sparser in females ( Figs. 93K, 94); posterior margin of coxa III smooth, or with scattered fine granules; metasoma moderately slender, metasoma II L/ W 1.51 –1.96, metasoma III L/ W 1.67 –2.22, metasoma IV L/ W 2.07 –2.63; ventromedian carinae of metasoma II and III with 19–26 denticles (90/92 carinae); metasoma V with enlarged subtriangular or lobate denticles on ventrolateral carinae; pedipalps slender, patella L/W ♂ 3.17–3.85, ♀ 2.88–3.61; leg III patella L/D 3.24–4.38; pectine teeth ♂ 30–39, ♀ 26–38; pectines medium sized, pectine L/ carapace L ♂ 1.11–1.40, ♀ 0.89–1.38, midpectine sensillar margin L/ metasoma I W ♂ 0.142 – 0.184, ♀ 0.078 –0.156; basal 1–3 pectine teeth of males overlap if anterior pectine margins aligned to posterior margins of coxae IV; pectine basal piece densely, shagreened, usually with more coarse medial granules in males; leg III basitarsus with 8–16 retrosuperior setae; pedipalp chela fixed finger with trichobothrium usually db distal to est; area of sternite VII between median carinae with dense, fine granulation or shagreened anteriorly, more heavily in males; sternite carination: males and females: sternite III with median carinae strong, densely granular or shagreened, sternites IV– V with lateral carinae strong, median carinae moderate .

MEASUREMENTS.

Male syntype ( Fig. 82C, subadult) (mm). Total L 63.0; metasoma + telson L 41.5; carapace L 6.6, W 7.8; metasomal segments (L/ W) I 5.4/ 4.2, II 6.3 / 3.6, III 6.3 / 3.5, IV 7.3 / 3.2, V 8.6 / 3.0; telson L 7.6; pedipalp chela L 13.1, manus W 1.9, movable finger L 8.9; pedipalp femur L 7.2, W 1.7, patella L 8.0, W 2.2; pectine L 8.5, mid-pectine sensillar margin L 0.85; pectine teeth 30–30. Adult female syntype ( Fig. 82A) (mm). Total L 90.0; metasoma + telson L 56.7; carapace L 10.3, W 11.6; metasomal segments (L/ W) I 7.4/ 5.8, II 8.5 / 5.3, III 8.6 / 5.2, IV 10.1 / 4.7, V 11.4 / 4.4; telson L 10.7; pedipalp chela L 18.7, manus W 3.3, movable finger L 13.5; pedipalp femur L 10.1, W 2.8, patella L 10.8, W 3.5; pectine L 9.7, mid-pectine sensillar margin L 0.90; pectine teeth 30 .

Male, Kena, Egypt ( NHMB 17g) (mm). Total L 74.00; metasoma + telson L 48.00; carapace L 8.28, W 8.57, carapace preocular L 3.69; metasomal segments (L/ D /W) I 6.31/ 4.30/5.15, II 7.50 / 4.57/4.55, III 7.71 / 3.78/4.28, IV 8.62/ 3.41/3.87, V 9.28 / 3.22/3.68; telson L 7.62; vesicle L 3.76, D 3.04, W 3.04; pedipalp chela L 15.60, manus ventral L 4.49, manus W 2.35, manus D 2.57, fixed finger L 9.90, movable finger L 11.40; pedipalp femur L 8.22, W 2.31, patella L 9.50, W 2.81; pectine L 9.98, mid-pectine sensillar margin L 0.898; leg III femur L 8.77; leg III patella L 7.59, D 2.00; chela db–est distance (left/ right) 0.958 / 0.917; pectine teeth (left/ right) 35/ 35 .

Female, Kena, Egypt ( NHMB 17g) (mm). Total L 80.00; metasoma + telson L 53.00; carapace L 9.46, W 10.80, carapace preocular L 4.44; metasomal segments (L/ D /W) I 6.62/ 5.18/5.75, II 7.96 / 4.64/5.04, III 8.16 / 4.49/4.79, IV 8.99/ 3.93/4.35, V 10.11 / 3.59/4.34; telson L 9.33; vesicle L 4.63, D 3.51, W 3.62; pedipalp chela L 17.03, manus ventral L 5.14, manus W 2.63, manus D 3.14, fixed finger L 9.99, movable finger L 12.14; pedipalp femur L 8.88, W 2.75, patella L 10.12, W 3.44; pectine L 9.53, mid-pectine sensillar margin L 0.653; leg III femur L 9.71; leg III patella L 8.29, D 2.17; chela db–est distance (left/ right) 0.917 / 1.125; pectine teeth (left/ right) 28/ 28 .

DISTRIBUTION. Egypt, Sudan.

REMARKS. The syntypes include assorted material from the Sinai, the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan, and the desert region of Egypt east of the Nile. These could represent more than one species if the populations in the Sinai are distinct from those of the Nile Valley. However, since individual specimens do not have locality labels, they cannot be referred to specific populations. We refrain from designating a lectotype until the taxonomic status of these populations is clari-fied by further study .