Sinohippus sampelayoi ( Villalta and Crusafont, 1945 )

Salesa, Manuel J., Sánchez, Israel M. & Morales, Jorge, 2004, Presence of the Asian horse Sinohippus in the Miocene of Europe, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (2), pp. 189-196 : 190-192

Sinohippus sampelayoi ( Villalta and Crusafont, 1945) .

Figs. 1–4 .

Synonyms: Anchitherium sampelayoi Villalta and Crusafont, 1945 :

figs. 1–4; Anchitherium ezquerrae sampelayoi Abusch−Siewert,

1983: pl. 3: 2.

Holotype: IGME 1175 M ( Fig. 2 ), Right hemimandible with p2, d2, p3, d3, p4, d4, m1, m2, and m3 (see Villalta and Crusafont 1945:figs. 1–3).

Paratype: IPS−70 , Fragment of left hemimandible with d2 and d3 (see Villalta and Crusafont 1945: fig. 4) .

Other material examined: IPS−2001, fragment of hemimandible with p4, m1 and m2 ( Fig. 3 ). There is a cast of an unpublished fragment of maxilla with P3 and P4 ( Fig. 4 ), deposited in the MNCN, which give the only information about the upper dentition of this species; the original specimen belongs to MLS.

Type locality: Nombrevilla−1 (Calatayud−Daroca Basin, province of Zaragoza, Spain).

Age: Early Vallesian (basal Late Miocene) (zone MN 9 of Mein 1975).

Other localities: Soblay and Doué−la−Fontaine ( France), and Eçme−Akçaköi ( Turkey).

Diagnosis.—In Villalta and Crusafont (1945: 78): “terminal, derived Anchitherium of large size, with marked tendency to hypsodonty, basal cingulum almost obsolete, mainly in the juvenile teeth; more evident homeodonty than in the primitive forms, milk teeth highly reduced, special shape of d2”; additionally: upper premolars with marked buccal cingulum and absence of lingual cingulum, hypostyle without connection with the metalophe, and absence of crochet.

Figures

Fig. 1. Cladogram proposed by Sánchez et al. (1998) for the Iberian Anchitheriinae, showing the relationships between the two lineages of Anchitherium. Abbreviations: A., Anchitherium; S., Sinohippus.

Fig. 2. Sinohippus sampelayoi, IGME 1175M, holotype. Fragment of right hemimandible with p2, d2, p3, d3, p4, d4, m1, m2, and m3. In occlusal (A), buccal (B), and lingual (C) views.

Fig. 3. Sinohippus sampelayoi, IPS 2001. Fragment of left hemimandible with p4, m1 and m2. In occlusal (A), lingual (B), and buccal (C) views.

Fig. 4. Sinohippus sampelayoi, MNCN 50110. Occlusal view of fragment of right maxilla with P3–P4.