Gymnetis litigiosa Gory & Percheron, 1833

Iorio, Osvaldo Di, 2013, A review of the Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Argentina and adjacent countries: systematics and geographic distributions, Zootaxa 3668 (1), pp. 1-87 : 36-38

Gymnetis litigiosa Gory & Percheron, 1833 , new status

Figs. 46 (aspect), 53 (parameres), 58–59 (anatomy), 62 (distribution)

[ Gymnetis] Litigiosa. Dej.: Dejean 1833: 169 (catalog; distribution); Burmeister 1861 ( 1943). Vol. I: 499 (distribution).

Gymnetis litigiosa Gory & Percheron, 1833: 357 (description; distribution), plate 71, Fig. 6 ; Schenkling 1921: 95 (catalog; distribution; references); Bruch 1911a: 214 (distribution); Rosillo 1944: 68 (distribution; natural history; references); Schürhoff 1937: 58 (distribution); Hayward 1942: 14 (natural history).

“Species akin to Gymnetis rufilatris ” (translated from Spanish): Burmeister 1943: 171 (distribution).

Gymnetis inquinita Thomson, 1878: 11 (description; distribution); Schenkling 1921: 95 (reference); Bosq 1926 (natural history).

G. inquinata (sic) Thoms.: Frenzel 1891: 328 (list).

Paragymnetis inquinata (sic) Thoms.: Blackwelder 1944: 263 (catalog; distribution).

Paragymnetis chalcipes G. & P. subsp. litigiosa G. & P .: Schürhoff 1937: 67 (distribution); Blackwelder 1944: 263 (distribution).

Paragymnetis litigiosa G. y P .: Hayward 1960: 24 (natural history); Di Iorio 2004: 184 (catalog; distribution; references).

Gymnetina (Gymnetoides) chalcipes litigiosus (G. & P., 1833) : Monné 1970: 61 (references).

Paragymnetis chalcipes litigiosa (Gory & Perch.) : Viana & Williner 1981: 36 (distribution).

Gymnetis chalcipes ssp. litigiosa Gory & Percheron, 1833 : Krajčík 1998: 76 (catalog; distribution)

Gymnetis sp. : Amela García & Hoc 1998: 21 (natural history); Di Iorio 2004: 184 (catalog; distribution; reference).

Distribution: BRAZIL ( Schenkling 1921, Blackwelder 1944); ARGENTINA ( Schenkling 1921, Blackwelder 1944, Krajčík 1998); Misiones ( Bruch 1911a); Tucumán ( Dejean 1833; Gory & Percheron 1833; Burmeister 1866; Bruch 1911a; Schürhoff 1937; Hayward 1942, 1960); Santiago del Estero: near Santiago del Estero (city), on the way to Tucumán ( Burmeister 1866); [locality not stated], 13-II-1926, G. Rizo Patrón leg., identified by Bosq as Gymnetis inquinita Thoms. ( Bosq 1926, Di Iorio 2004); Chaco ( Bruch 1911 a, Blackwelder 1944); Charata (Amela García & Hook 1998, Di Iorio 2003); La Rioja: Patquía; Chepes ( Viana & Williner 1981); Córdoba ( Frenzel 1891); in Bruch Collection ( Bruch 1911a): El Sauce; Alta Gracia; La Falda ( Viana & Williner 1981); Corrientes: “Du voyage de M. d'Orbigny” [MNHN] ( Blanchard 1850); Entre Ríos: Paraná ( Burmeister 1861 [ 1943], 1866); coast of River Paraná ( Rosillo 1944); Liebig, XII-1996, I– II-1997, 35 exx. ( Di Iorio 2003); Mendoza ( Bruch 1911a). URUGUAY ( Monné 1970).

Material examined: BOLIVIA: [1911, E. Lynch Arribalzaga leg.], # 10322, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Tarija: Tarija, 1 ex. [ HBBA] ; Carapari , Williner leg., I-1945, 1 ex. [ MACN], 9-I-1945, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; PARAGUAY: “Para- / guay.”, 1 ex. [ HBBA] ; Concepción: “Vallemi” [= Puerto Valle Mí], VI-1952, Bachmann leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; ARGENTINA: Jujuy: [XI– XII-1925, A. Pozzi & A. Zotta leg.], # 17186, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Salta: 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; 190_, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Dto. Orán, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, Cedral Viejo, J. Carreras leg., 22-XII-2002, 1 ex. [ JCDT], 16-XI-2009, 1 ex. [ JCDT] ; Formosa: Gran Guardia, X-1952, Bosq Collection, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Misiones: Col. A Breyer, 2 exx. [ MACN], both labeled “ Gymnetis / litigiosa / Gory et Perch. R.A.A.M. col.” ; [Misiones, Col. E. Dallas], # 17719, [52 exx.], 13 exx. [ MACN] ; Pozo Azul, I-2005, 1 ex. [ EAPW] ; Catamarca: [II-1928, M.P. Gómez leg.], # 21818, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; [M.P. Gómez leg.], # 32764, 1 ex. [ MACN], # 32786, 1 ex. [ MACN], # 32790, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Tucumán: # 11947, “ Col. Mitr. Fessl. ”, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; A. Breyer Collection, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Cochuna (22 km W Alpachiri),, 31-XII-2010, L. Aguado leg., 1 ex. [ LABA] ; Santiago del Estero: [XI-1929, M.P. Gómez leg.], # 23028, 6 exx. [ MACN] ; [M.P. Gómez leg.], # 30366, 15 exx. [ MACN] ; [M.P. Gómez leg.], # 32534, 2 exx. [ MACN] ; [M.P. Gómez leg.], # 32765, 2 exx. [ MACN] ; 2. 190 8, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Icaño, 15-II-1914, Wagner leg., 1 ex. [ CBBA] ; Santiago del Estero , A. Breyer Collection, 3 exx. [ MACN], 1 labeled “ Gymnetis / litigiosa / Gory et Perch. R.A.A.M. col.” ; Rio Salado , Wagner leg., 1 ex. [ CBBA], 1 ex. [ MACN], G. Pellerano Collection, 4 exx. [ MACN], 1 labeled “ Gymnetis / litigiosa / Gory & Perch.” [handwritten by Bosq], Col. IESM, 2 exx. [ MACN], one labeled “ Gymnetis / litigiosa / Gory et Perch. [handwritten by Bosq], 7 exx. [ MLPA], 1 labeled “ Gymnetis / inquinita / Thoms.” [handwritten by Bosq], other “ Gymnetis / litigiosa / Gory & Perch.” [handwritten by Bosq] ; Icaño, E.W. [= Emilio Wagner], 13 exx. [ MLPA], 1 labeled “ Gymnetina / (Gymnetoides) / litigiosa (G. et P.) / A. Martinez det. 1950” ; El Salado, 8-XII-1928, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Chaco: # 7725, 2 exx. [ MACN] ; Resistencia, 19-XII-1935, 1 ex. [ MLPA], 12-XI-1938, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; San Bernardo, summer 1997–1998, C. Rabe leg., 2 exx. [ ODIC] ; Charata, Di Iorio leg., 14-I-1992, 2 exx. [ ODIC], 21- I-1994, 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; Corrientes: 190_, C. Bruch, 3 exx. [ CBBA], 1 labeled “ Gymnetis / litigiosa / G. & P.” [handwritten by Bruch] ; Manantiales, V-1946, de Apostol leg., 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; La Rioja: [E. Giacomelli leg.], # 12172, 2 exx. [ MACN] ; M. Gómez leg., 5 exx. [ MACN] ; [M.P. Gómez leg.], # 25245, 1 ex. [ MACN], # 25480, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; A. Breyer Collection, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Anillaco, Di Iorio leg., XI-1998, Di Iorio leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC], 12-XII-1999, 1 ex. [ ODIC], 25-XI-1998, 2 exx. [ ODIC], 15-I-1999, 1 ex. [ ODIC], 16-I-1999, 1 ex. [ ODIC], 19-I-1999, 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; Los Molinos, Di Iorio leg., Los Molinos, 1999–2002, 63 exx. [ ODIC], 1999–2001, 224 exx. [ ODIC], 2-II-2002, 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; Córdoba: 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Córdoba, H. Richter leg., Col. Frers, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; 190_, C. Bruch, 2 exx. [ CBBA], 3-II-1903, 1 ex. [ CBBA], “ Gymnetis / inquinita / Thoms.” [handwritten by Bruch], “ Gymnetis inquinita ” [handwritten by Moser], 1. 1910, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; # 6855, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; # 11947, [Col. Günther], 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Córdoba, II-1918, H. Mario leg., 1 ex. [ MACN], “ Gymnetis / litigiosa / Gory et Perch.” [handwritten by Bréthes] ; “Argentinien / Córdoba”, 1 ex. [ CBBA], “ Gymnetis / inquinita ” ; Córdoba, IV-1922, J.S. Pérez leg., Col. J. Bréthes, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Sierra [de] Córdoba, I-1929, Tissot leg., 1 ex. [ MACN], 8-I-1938, Bridarolli leg., 1 ex. [ MACN], Alta Gracia, La Granja, C. Bruch leg., III-1921, 1 ex. [ MACN], XII-1921, 1 ex. [ CBBA], 15-I-1924, 1 ex. [ CBBA] ; Villa Dolores, Las Lajas, II-1932, 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Río Ceballos , XII-1938, G. Pellerano leg., 7 exx. [ MACN], 14-XII-2011, G. Rodríguez leg., 2 exx. [ ABJCP] ; Yacanto, Col. A. Stevenin, 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Dto. Calamuchita, El Sauce, M.J. Viana leg., XII-1938, 2 exx. [ MACN], II-1941, 2 exx. [ MACN] ; Capilla del Monte , A. Fortino leg., 15-II-1993, 1 ex. [ AFBA], 16-30-I-2001, 1 ex. [ AFBA], 26-I-2012, 1 ex. [ AFBA], 28-I to 14-II-2012, 23 exx. [ AFBA], 3-I-2009, L. Aguado leg., 1 ex. [ LABA] ; Cruz del Eje , 23-II-1993, A. Fortino leg., 1 ex. [ AFBA] ; Jesús María, Los Nogales, 4-XI-1968, J. Carreras leg., 1 ex. [ JCDT] ; Santa Fe: 190_, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ CBBA] ; “Chaco” [= Chaco santafesino], 190_, C. Bruch, 1 ex. [ CBBA] ; “Norte de S. Fe ”, I-1930, Rodríguez leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Santa Fe [city?], I-1927, Bridarolli, 4 exx. [ MACN] ; Piquete, 15-I-1930, Bridarolli leg., 1 ex. [ MACN] ; Rosario, Col. A. Stevenin, 1 ex. [ MACN], “ Gymnetis / inquinita / Thoms.” ; Arroyo Leyes, 27-I-2007, Turienzo & Di Iorio leg., 3 exx. [ ODIC] ; Tostado, 24-I-1990, Di Iorio leg., 2 exx. [ ODIC] ; Laguna El Cristal, 17-XII-2010, Di Iorio leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC] ; Entre Ríos: “Parana. / Jan.” [printed in green paper], 2 exx. [ HBBA], “Parana. / Nov.” [printed in green paper], 1 ex. [ HBBA] ; Liebig, XI-1989, M. Zelich leg., 1 ex. [ AFBA], L. Caire leg., 25-III-2005, 1 ex. [ LABA], 23-III-2006, 1 ex. [ LABA] ; Federación, 23-I-1997, G. Zubarán leg., 1 ex. [ GZSM] ; Villaguay, 3 exx. [ LABA] ; Villa Elisa, Arroyo Perucho Verna, 1-I-2004, L. Aguado leg., 7 exx. [ LABA] ; Crespo, 19-VI-2011, Di Iorio leg., 1 ex. [ ODIC].

Male genitalia: parameres ( Fig. 53 ); armature of the internal sac ( Figs. 58–59 ).

Note 1: Gymnetis inquinata Thomson, 1878 , described from “ Cordova ” ( Bergé 1884) but cited from Chaco ( Blackwelder 1944), was placed in the synonymy of G. litigiosa (bibliographic reference not found). His status needs to be revised, and one possibility is that G. inquinata may correspond to G. hepatica , also distributed in Córdoba and Chaco.

Note 2: In some specimens, a pale orange color appears only in a band near the lateral margins of the elytra, with the dark maculation superimposed, then the band is regularly interrupted, probably the “species related to Gymnetis rufilatris ” of Burmeister (1861, 1943) from Santiago del Estero.

Note 3: The original record from Brazil ( Schenkling 1921, Blackwelder 1944) was not found.

Note 4: Gymnetis litigiosa is similar but different species from Gymnetis chalcipes . The venter, legs, and tarsi in G. litigiosa are black ( Fig. 46 ) instead of the cupreous color seen in G. chalcipes ( Figs. 44–45 ). The parameres of both species are also distinctive ( Figs. 52 versus 53). Therefore, G. litigiosa is here considered as a good species separate from G. chalcipes . The male parameres of G. hepatica are also distinctive ( Fig. 54 ).

Note 5: Gymnetis litigiosa is also found in Paraguay in the following localities: San Pedro: 23° 42' 40.11" S, 56° 40' 19.03" W (S23.68547, W56.66285); 24° 23' 15.12" S, 57° 6' 50.00" W (S24.36267, W57.10650); Presidente Hayes : 25° 4' 12.36" S, 57° 52' 10.90" W (S25.06667, W57.86666); Central : 25° 17' 51.28" S, 57° 37' 10.60" W (S25.29500, W57.61816) ( Paraguay Biodiversidad 2012).

Figures

FIGURES 44–51. General aspects of Gymnetini from Argentina: 44–45, Gymnetis chalcipes (44, common phenotype; 45, light phenotype); 46, Gymnetis litigiosa (La Rioja: Los Molinos); 47–48, Gymnetis hepatica (47, paratype, Santiago del Estero: Sachayoj; 48, paratype, Chaco: Charata); 49, Gymnetis undata (Misiones, Bruch Collection); 50, Gymnetis hebraica; 51, M. insculpta.

FIGURES 3–7. General aspects of Gymnetini: 3–5, Gymnetis bajula (3, darker specimen; 4, specimen from the Burmeister Collection [MACN], likely the holotype of G. perplexa; 5, lighter specimen); 6, Gymnetis bruchi (Bruch Collection); 7, Aemilius wagneri (extracted from Le Moult 1939).

FIGURES 52–55. Male parameres: 52, Gymnetis chalcipes (Buenos Aires: Florencio Varela); 53, Gymnetis litigiosa (La Rioja: Los Molinos); 54, Gymnetis hepatica (paratype, Santiago del Estero: Sachayoj); 55, Gymnetis undata.

FIGURES 56–61. Armature of the internal sac and details of spines: 56–57, Gymnetis chalcipes; 58–59, Gymnetis litigiosa (La Rioja: Los Molinos); 60–61, Gymnetis pudibunda.