Cyrnellus mammillatus Flint, 1971

Calor, Adolfo R. & Quinteiro, Fabio B., 2017, Checklist of Caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2017149) 107, pp. 1-5 : 3-4

Cyrnellus mammillatus Flint, 1971

Type locality: Brazil , Amazonas, Lago des Rio Luna am oberen Teil. Distribution: Argentina, Brazil (AM, MG, MS, PA, PR, RJ, SP), Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru , and Uruguay.

Additional genera records. Some ecological studies recorded caddisflies from state of Mato do Grosso do Sul, but the taxonomic resolution is only until the generic level, as SOUZA-FRANCO et al. (2009) and RIGHI-CAVALLARO et al. (2010). SOUZA-FRANCO et al. (2009), in a study focusing on characterization of the aquatic insect community associated to Eichhornia azurea , presented three caddisfly genera, one genus of Hydropilidae ( Oxyethira Eaton, 1873 ), one of Polycentropodidae (Polycentropus Curtis, 1835) , and an undetermined genus of Hydropsychidae . Posteriorly, RIGHI-CAVALLARO et al. (2010) presented an inventory of immature EPT in Miranda River basin with 22 caddisfly genera in nine families: Phylloicus ( Calamoceratidae ), Austrotinodes Schmid, 1955 ( Ecnomidae ), Itauara Müller, 1888 , Protoptila Banks, 1904 , Mortoniella Ulmer, 1906 ( Glossosomatidae ), Helichopsyche Siebold, 1856 ( Helicopsychidae ), Blepharopus Kolenati, 1859 , Leptonema, Macromema Pictet, 1836 , Smicridea ( Hydropsychidae ), Abtrichia Mosely, 1939 , Hydroptila Dalman, 1819 , Neotrichia Morton, 1905 , Oxyethira ( Hydroptilidae ), Nectopsyche Müller, 1879 , Oecetis, Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 , and undetermined genus ( Leptoceridae ), Chimarra Stephens, 1829 ( Philopotamidae ), Cernotina Ross, 1938 , Cyrnellus, Polyplectropus Ulmer, 1905 ( Polycentropodidae ). So far, the known recorded caddisfly diversity for Mato Grosso do Sul is represented by 16 species in nine families and 24 genera, being five of then new species records, including a new record for the country. Considering the reduced collect effort of caddisflies in Mato Grosso do Sul State, the natural conditions, and the difference between the number of recorded species (16 from six genera) and the records of the genera (24), we can have a close estimate of the huge challenge to the next years.

Main research groups. Laboratório de Biologia AquÁtica, UNESP, campus Assis, headed by Dr. PitÁgoras da Conceição Bispo; Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos AquÁticos, INPA, headed by Dr. Neusa Hamada and colaboration of Dr. Ana Maria de Oliveira Pes; Laboratório de Diversidade de Insetos Aquáticos, Centro Universitario Norte do Espirito Santo, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, headed by Dr. Frederico Falcão Salles; Laboratório de Diversidade de Insetos Aquáticos, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, headed by Dr. Luiz Carlos de Pinho; Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, headed by Dr. Adriano Sanches Melo; Laboratório de Entomologia AquÁtica, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, headed by Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich; Laboratório de Entomologia AquÁtica, Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, headed by Dr. Suzana Trivinho Strixino and Dr. Alaide Aparecida Fonseca Gessner; Laboratório de Entomologia AquÁtica, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, headed by Dr. Adolfo Ricardo Calor; Laboratório de Entomologia, Instituto de Ciências Naturais e Tecnológicas, Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, headed by Dr. Helena Soares Ramos Cabette; Laboratório de Entomologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, headed by Dr. Jorge Luiz Nessimian; Laboratório de Invertebrados, Museu de História Natural, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, headed by Dr. Henrique Paprocki; Laboratório de Limnologia, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, headed by Dr. Leandro Gonçalves de Oliveira; Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, headed by Dr. Rodolfo Mariano.

Main collections in Brazil. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP); Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ); Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA); Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA); Collection Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Universidade Federal do ParanÁ (DZUP); Entomological Collection Professor José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra, Departamento de Zoologia from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (DZRJ). Outside the country, there are great collections and among them some are very representative and worth to mention like the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA (NMNH), University of Minnesota Insect Collection, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA (UMSP), and the Insect Collection of the British Museum of Natural History, London, England (BMNH).

Main knowledge gaps. Despite the increase of knowledge provided by the results presented herein, the knowledge on caddisflies in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul still remains scarce. There are just a few collection sites already sampled in the state. Moreover, the knowledge of ecology, physiology and a more accurate distribution of the species recorded in the state remain unknown. In this way, new collecting expeditions should be made in attempt to provide more information. It will refine our knowledge of the species distribution, relationships and biology, providing a better understand of the fauna in the state and, consequently, for the Brazilian fauna. It will be central for efficient conservation politics even in a national level.

An outlook for the next 10 years. The number of taxonomists working on caddisflies in Brazil has increased significantly ( CALOR, 2011). Our knowledge has been improved in the same proportion. One of the main factors these increase can be attributed to, is the spread of aquatic insects research groups in diverse Brazilian regions previously devoid of this specific research. The taxonomic knowledge on caddisflies must be increased exponentially in the next years in order to enable a more precise use of these data to solve other questions, such as the biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems. This way, it is expected that, not only the taxonomic knowledge on Trichoptera will grow in the near future, but also other scientific fields associated to it.