Baseodiscus delineatus, (DELLE CHIAJE, 1822)

Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi & Chernyshev, Alexei V., 2022, Exploring the basal topology of the heteronemertean tree of life: establishment of a new family, along with turbotaxonomy of Valenciniidae (Nemertea: Pilidiophora: Heteronemertea), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196, pp. 503-548 : 532-533

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac015

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:78C56409-FCCF-4116-8D8C-FF66B247C56C

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11235945

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A8132-EE76-ED58-FCBA-CFC9FB9EFB72

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Baseodiscus delineatus
status

 

BASEODISCUS DELINEATUS (DELLE CHIAJE, 1822) View in CoL View at ENA

( FIG. 3C–E View Figure 3 )

Polia delineata Delle Chiaje, 1822 in Delle Chiaje (1822–29), pl. XXVIII (28, but correctly 29 in position), fig. 4; Delle Chiaje, 1825 in Delle Chiaje (1822–29): 427–428, 444 (Naples, Italy); Grube, 1840: 57–58, fig. 8a, b (Naples and Palermo, Italy); Hubrecht, 1879: 209 (Naples, Italy); Joubin, 1890: 510–511 (Banyuls-sur-Mer, France).

Nemertes delineatus: Kölliker, 1845: 95 (Naples, Italy).

Eupolia delineata: Bürger, 1892: 151 (Naples, Italy); Joubin, 1894: 79–80, pl. I, fig. 11 (Banyuls-surMer, France); Bürger, 1895a: 600–601, pl. 4, figs 4, 6 (Naples, Italy: the specimen in fig. 8 lacks longitudinal stripes in the anterior part of body and is bulkier than that depicted in fig. 6).

Baseodiscus delineatus: Strand et al., 2005: 3787 View in CoL , table II [Ischia, Italy; Rottnest Island, Australia); Schwartz, 2009: 62, fig. 1B (Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; Peanut Island, Florida, USA; Bocas del Toro, Panama); Gonzalez-Cueto et al., 2014: 92 View Cited Treatment , fig. 2C–E (Inca-Inca and Taganga, Colombia); Mendes et al., 2016: 149, fig. 2-3 (Caucaia, Brazil); Kajihara, 2017: 423, fig. 16.2b (Misaki, Japan); Ikenaga et al., 2019: 348–353, figs 1–4 [Misaki, Japan).

Baseodiscus cf. delineatus: Kvist et al., 2014: 291 View in CoL , table 1 ( Australia).

? Baseodiscus delineatus: Coe, 1947: 104–105 View in CoL (Bogoni Island, Marshall Islands); Corrêa, 1958: 442–443 ( Brazil); Gibson, 1979: 139–146, figs 1–3 (Low Isles, off Port Douglas, Great Barrier Reef, Australia).

? Baseodiscus curtus: Stiasny-Wijnhoff, 1925: 102 ( Curaçao) View in CoL .

? Eupolia delineata: Bürger, 1893: 230 , pl. 8, fig. 4 (Java, Indonesia); Punnett, 1900c: 825 (Torres Straits).

? Taeniosoma delineatum: Coe, 1901b: 226 (Ensenada) .

Material examined: Five specimens (extracted total DNA and remaining body preserved in 99% EtOH): four specimens (including ICHUM 6325 View Materials ), 22 February 2014, rocky intertidal, under stone, near Misaki Marine Biological Station (35°09′30″N, 139°36′45″E), collected by H. Kajihara GoogleMaps ; one specimen ( ICHUM 6326 View Materials ), 26 March 2014, rocky intertidal, under stone, Araihama (35°09′33″N, 139°36′40″E), Misaki, Kanagawa, Japan, collected by H. Kohtsuka. GoogleMaps

Sequences: From ICHUM 6325 View Materials : LC178621 View Materials , 28S (1136 bp); LC178665 View Materials , 16S (521 bp). From ICHUM 6326 View Materials : LC178647 View Materials , H3 (331 bp); LC178666 View Materials , 16S (521 bp) .

Description: Body up to 56 cm long, 3 mm wide ( ICHUM 6325); background body colour pale beige, with pale-brown longitudinal stripes covering entire body ( Fig. 3C, D View Figure 3 ) except near mouth ( Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ).

Distribution: Warm waters worldwide: France ( Joubin, 1890, 1894), Italy (Delle Chiaje, 1822–29; Grube, 1840; Hubrecht, 1879; Bürger, 1895a; Strand et al., 2005), Australia ( Strand et al., 2005; Kvist et al., 2014), Japan ( Kajihara, 2017; Ikenaga et al., 2019), Florida, USA ( Schwartz, 2009), Belize ( Schwartz, 2009), Panama ( Schwartz, 2009), Colombia ( Gonzalez-Cueto et al., 2014), Brazil ( Mendes et al., 2016).

Remarks: In accordance with Article 12.2.7 of the Code ( ICZN, 1999), the year of publication for B. delineatus should be 1822, rather than 1825 as previously regarded (e.g. Magarlamov & Chernyshev, 2011; Ikenaga et al., 2019). The species was originally established as Polia delineata in Delle Chiaje (1822– 29), a work comprised of plates published in 1822 and four text volumes, with Volumes 1 and 2 issued in 1825 [or, Volume 2 may have been published in 1827 ( Neave, 1940: 344)], Volume 3 in 1828 and Volume 4 in 1829. The description in words appeared in Volume 2 on p. 409 (as ‘ P. lineata ’) and pp. 427–428 ( Delle Chiaje, 1825 in 1822–29), although the species name Polia delineata had already appeared as the caption for an plate illustration published in 1822. Delle Chiaje’s 1822 plate numbers are discontinuous in several places: plate numbers XXX (30), LXIII (63) and CII (102) are missing; in addition, for each of the four numbers I (1), II (2), XXVIII (28) and XXXIV (34), two different plates exist. Polia delineata is depicted on the second of the two plates labelled XXVIII.

Baseodiscus delineatus View in CoL has a pale background body colour with numerous brown longitudinal stripes. The broad range of variation in colour pattern has obscured the species identity of B. delineatus View in CoL , especially in relation to a similar form, B. curtus ( Hubrecht, 1879) View in CoL . Baseodiscus curtus View in CoL was previously regarded as a variety of B. delineatus View in CoL ( Coe, 1940, 1944; Corrêa, 1958, 1961, 1963) and thus as synonymous with it ( Gibson, 1979, 1995). Moreover, Bürger (1904) and Gibson (1979, 1995) synonymized the following six nominal species originally described from the Indo-Pacific with B. delineatus View in CoL : Baseodiscus insignis Punnett & Cooper, 1909 View in CoL ( Zanzibar, Tanzania); Borlasia striata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 ( Guam) ; Eupolia amboinensis Staub, 1900 View in CoL ( Ambon, Indonesia); Eupolia ascophora Bürger, 1890 View in CoL ( Ambon, Indonesia); Eupolia marmorata Bürger, 1890 ( Ambon, Indonesia); and Eupolia reticulata Staub, 1900 ( Ambon, Indonesia). This synonymization was probably an excessive lumping, as Strand et al. (2005) discovered a new species, B. jonasii View in CoL , from Guadalcanal ( Solomon Islands) that resembles, but is genetically distinct from, B. delineatus View in CoL .

Owing to the 16S gene sequence from Italy ( AY955227 View Materials ) provided by Strand et al. (2005), the species identity of B. delineatus View in CoL has been established more firmly than before, enabling the application of reliable names to material from different localities. The six 16S sequences from four different countries ( AY955227 View Materials , Italy; AY955232 View Materials , KF935448 View Materials , Australia; LC178665 View Materials , LC178666 View Materials , Japan; EF124861 View Materials , Belize) were identical (p -distance = 0.00). In addition, recent technological progress in high-quality digital photography allows comparison of subtle differences in body coloration and markings between specimens from different localities (e.g. Schwartz, 2009; Gonzalez-Cueto et al., 2014; Mendes et al., 2016; Kajihara, 2017; Ikenaga et al., 2019). These new data sources now indicate that B. delineatus View in CoL is distributed circumglobally. The species can reproduce asexually by fragmentation followed by anterior regeneration ( Ikenaga et al., 2019).

Bürger (1895a: 600) synonymized Borlasia carmellina Quatrefages, 1846 (type locality, Favignana Island, Italy) with Eupolia delineata , but there are some differences between the descriptions of the two: in Borlasia carmellina , the body is reddish posteriorly and covered with small, elongate patches (‘petites taches allongée’) rather than stripes, and eyes are lacking ( Quatrefages, 1846).

ICHUM

Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Nemertea

Class

Pilidiophora

Order

Heteronemertea

Family

Valenciniidae

Genus

Baseodiscus

Loc

Baseodiscus delineatus

Kajihara, Hiroshi, Abukawa, Shushi & Chernyshev, Alexei V. 2022
2022
Loc

Baseodiscus cf. delineatus:

Kvist S & Laumer CE & Junoy J & Giribet G 2014: 291
2014
Loc

Baseodiscus delineatus:

Ikenaga J & Hookabe N & Kohtsuka H & Yoshida M & Kajihara H 2019: 348
Kajihara H 2017: 423
Mendes CB & Matthews-Cascon H & Norenburg JL 2016: 149
Gonzalez-Cueto J & Quiroga S & Norenburg J 2014: 92
Schwartz ML 2009: 62
Strand M & Hjelmgren A & Sundberg P 2005: 3787
2005
Loc

Baseodiscus delineatus: Coe, 1947: 104–105

Gibson R 1979: 139
Correa DD 1958: 442
Coe WR 1947: 105
1947
Loc

Baseodiscus curtus:

Stiasny-Wijnhoff G 1925: 102
1925
Loc

Taeniosoma delineatum: Coe, 1901b: 226 (Ensenada)

Coe WR 1901: 226
1901
Loc

Eupolia delineata: Bürger, 1893: 230

Punnett RC 1900: 825
Burger O 1893: 230
1893
Loc

Eupolia delineata: Bürger, 1892: 151

Burger O 1895: 600
Joubin L 1894: 79
Burger O 1892: 151
1892
Loc

Nemertes delineatus: Kölliker, 1845: 95

Kolliker A 1845: 95
1845
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