Metabus, AND

Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, 2007, Systematics of the spider genus Metabus O. P. - Cambridge, 1899 (Araneoidea: Tetragnathidae) with additions to the tetragnathid fauna of Chile and comments on the phylogeny of Tetragnathidae, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 151 (2), pp. 285-335 : 303-310

SYSTEMATICS OF METABUS AND TETRAGNATHID SPIDERS 303

Material examined (N = 327): COLOMBIA: Antioquía, La Estrella, Quebrada Grande , 2100 m, 6.iv.1974 , P. A. Schneble leg. 1 male and 28 females ( MCZ) FAP0013 . Cali, Cauca, 1500 m, 5.iii.1974, 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0019 ; Valle de Cali, 1500 m, iii.1973, 1 male and 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0017 ; 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0023 ; 1500 m, viii.1975, 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0025 ; 1300 m, vi.1977, 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0018 ; 3 mi. W. Villavicencio , ii–iii.1955 , E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross leg. 3 males and 4 females ( CAS) FAP0273 ; New Grenada Bogota, 2 males, 7 females (syntypes of Tetragnatha ocellata BMNH ) FAP0272; Valle Saladito, 1700 m, 5.viii, 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0027 ; 1– 5.ix.1971, 1 male and 2 females ( MCZ) FAP0020 . Medellín, Medellín Valley , 1700−1900 m, 1973 , A. B. Schneble leg. 5 females ( MCZ) FAP0006 ; Abadia Envigado , 2700 m, 16.xii.1984 , M. A. Serna leg. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0021 ; 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0022 ; 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0026 ; La Estrella , 1720 m, 28.ii.1959, 1 male and 1 female ( AMNH) FAP0107 ; 5.vi.1973 , P. A. Schneble leg. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0024 . COSTA RICA: Costa Rica , 1983 , W. E. Eberhard leg. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0014 ; Las Nubes de Coronado , 20.vi.1992 , M. Blanco leg. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0015 . Puntarenas, Monteverde , 1370 m, 17.i.1961 , C. W. Palmer leg. 3 females ( AMNH) FAP0104 ; 11.vi.1978 , R. Buskirk leg. 3 immatures ( MCZ) FAP0030 ; Río Guacimal , 1550− 1850 m, 30.xii.1971 , W. & R. Burskirk leg. 2 males, 1 female and 4 immatures ( AMNH) FAP0106 ; 12.i.1998 , F. P. Gillette leg. 1 male, 2 females and 2 immatures ( MCZ) FAP0001 ; 1 male, 3 females and 1 immature ( MCZ) FAP0002 ; 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0003 ; 1 male and 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0004 ; 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0005 ; 1 male, 1 female and 1 immature ( MCZ) FAP0007 ; 1 male and 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0008 smallest male measured; 1 male and 2 females ( MCZ) FAP0009 ; 2 females ( MCZ) FAP0010 ; 2 females ( MCZ) FAP0011 ; 2 males, 2 females and 1 immature ( MCZ) FAP0012 ; 4 males and 4 females ( MCZ) FAP0031 ; 1 male and 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0032 ; Bosque de la Hoya, 20.vi.1992 , M. Blanco leg. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0016 . FRENCH GUIANA: St Laurent, 27.iv.1994, 1 female ( AMNH) FAP0105 . GUATE- MALA: Guatemala, 1 female (holotype of Metabus gravidus BMNH ) FAP0271. Baja Verapaz, Purulha , 2300 m, 22–24.v.1979 , J. A. Coddington leg. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0028 smallest female measured. San Pedro Yepocapa, Yepocapa , iii–iv.1945 , H. Elishewitz leg. 1 male and 7 females ( AMNH) FAP0101 ; 7 females and 1 immature ( AMNH) FAP0102 . MEXICO: Chiapas, Prusia , 1000 m, iv–v.1942 , H. Wagner leg. 32 females ( AMNH) FAP0091 ; 17 males and 14 females ( AMNH) FAP0092 largest male measured and illustrated, one male specimen used for SEM ( SEMFAP036 ) ; 14 males, 12 females and 4 immatures ( AMNH) FAP0093 largest female measured and illustrated, one female specimen used for SEM ( SEMFAP036 ) ; Huixtla, Finca Lubeca, 11.i.1945, T . C. Schneirla leg. 2 females ( AMNH) FAP0096 ; 1 male, 4 females and 2 immatures ( AMNH) FAP0097 ; 1 male, 5 females and 8 immatures ( AMNH) FAP0098 ; 5 females ( AMNH) FAP0100 ; La Victoria , 18.i.1945 , C. Vargas leg. 5 females ( AMNH) FAP0099 ; Mapastepec , vi–vii.1940 , H. Wagner leg. 3 males, 16 females and 1 immature ( AMNH) FAP0094 ; 5 males, 24 females and 1 immature ( AMNH) FAP0095 . PANAMA: Canal Zone, Soberania NP, 7.viii.1983 , R. Raven leg. 1 female ( AMNH) FAP0103 ; Chiriqui, La Fortuna, 1100−1200 m, 5.iv.1984 , W. E. Eberhard leg. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0029 .

METABUS DEBILIS (O. P.- CAMBRIDGE, 1899) COMB. NOV.

( FIGS 11A , 13 )

Argyroepeira debilis O. P.- Cambridge, 1889: 5, pl. 1, f. 9 (syntypes in BMNH, examined). – Keyserling, 1893: 365, pl. 19, f. 272. – O. P.-Cambridge, 1896: 218, pl. 28, f. 4–5.

Metargyra debilis (O. P.- Cambridge, 1889): F. O. P.- Cambridge, 1903: 444, pl. 42, f. 15–16.

Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from the other small Metabus species by the following characters: epigynum atrium wider than long, anterior margin straight; and spermathecae projected laterally ( Fig. 13B–D ); conductor with two parallel distal apophyses ( Fig. 13F, G arrows); and three trichobothria on the palpal tibia mesal surface ( Fig. 13F–H ).

Description: Female from Puerto Napo, Ecuador (FAP0385). Habitus as in Figure 13A . Total length 3.9. Cephalothorax 1.5 long, 1.4 wide, 0.6 high. Sternum 0.8 long and wide. Abdomen shape oval 2.4 long, 2.3 wide, 2.4 high, venter with a rectangular patch of silvery guanine spots. AME diameter 0.12. ALE 0.10. PME 0.12. PLE 0.10. Clypeus height 1.2 × AME diameter. AME separation 0.8 × AME diameter. AME–ALE separation 0.6 × AME diameter. PME separation 1.4 × PME diameter. PME–PLE separation 1.4 × PME diameter. Leg I length 16.6 leg II 8.5, leg III 3.9, leg IV 5.5, pedipalp 1.7. Epigynum as in Figure 13B–E .

Male from Finca La Selva, Heredia, Costa Rica (FAP0387). Total length 2.2. Cephalothorax 1.1 long, 0.1 wide, 0.4 high. Sternum 0.6 long and wide. Abdomen oval with a dorsal dark median longitudinal band, venter as in female. 1.6 long, 0.9 wide, 0.9 high. AME diameter 0.1. ALE 0.1. PME 0.1. PLE 0.1. Clypeus height 1.0 × AME diameter. AME separation 0.7 × AME diameter. AME–ALE separation 0.7 × AME diameter. PME separation 1.1 × PME diameter. PME–PLE separation 0.7 × PME diameter. Leg I length 12.8, leg II 6.7, leg III 3.1, leg IV 4.4, pedipalp 1.2. Pedipalp tibia 3.2 times longer than wide. Pedipalps as in Figure 13F, G .

Variation: Female total length 3.5–3.9, cephalothorax length 1.5–1.6. Male total length 2.2–2.8, cephalothorax length 1.1–1.3.

Distribution: Southern Mexico to Ecuador ( Fig. 11A ).

Material examined (N = 3): COLOMBIA: 3 miles W Villavicencio , 11.iii.1955, E. I. Schlinger & E. S. Ross leg. 1 male ( CAS) FAP0386 largest male measured. COSTA RICA: Heredia, Finca La Selva , 4 km SE Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, 15.ix.1981, C. Griswold leg. 1 male ( CAS) FAP0387 smallest male measured and illustrated. ECUADOR: Napo, Alinahui, 20 Km E Puerto Napo, 1°0′S, 77°25′W, 450 m, ii.1994, E. S. Ross leg. 1 female ( CAS) FAP0385 measured and illustrated. MEXICO: Tabasco, Teapa , 2 males and 6 females (syntypes of Argyroepeira debilis BMNH ) FAP0399; 2 females ( BMNH) FAP0400 .

METABUS EBANOVERDE SP. NOV.

( FIGS 10D , 11A , 14 )

Types: Holotype female from Ebano Verde Scientific Reserve , La Vega, Dominican Republic (deposited at MCZ FAP0397). Three male and four female paratypes from the type locality (deposited at MCZ FAP0382).

Etymology: The specific epithet, a name in apposition, is taken from the Scientific Reserve Ebano Verde (La Vega) where the type series was collected.

Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: epigynum wider than long, anterior margin discontinuous with two lateral notches ( Fig. 14B ); conductor with two divergent distal apophyses ( Fig. 14G , arrows); and six trichobothria on the palpal tibia mesal surface ( Fig. 14F ).

Description: Female from La Vega, Dominican Republic (FAP0381). Habitus as in Figure 14A . Total length 5.0. Cephalothorax 1.8 long, 1.5 wide, 0.5 high. Sternum 0.8 long and wide. Abdomen oval, venter dark grey with a horizontal rectangle formed of guanine spots, 3.7 long, 3.1 wide, 3.1 high. Diameter of all eyes 0.1. Clypeus height 1.4 × AME diameter. AME separation 0.7 × AME diameter. AME–ALE separation 1.4 × AME diameter. PME separation 1.4 × PME diameter. PME–PLE separation 1.4 × PME diameter. Leg I length 21.8, leg II 10.2, leg III 4.7, leg IV 7.4, pedipalp 1.9. Epigynum as in Figure 14B–E .

Male from La Vega, Dominican Republic (FAP0381). Habitus as in female. Total length 3.7. Cephalothorax 1.9 long, 1.4 wide, 0.4 high. Sternum 0.80 long and wide. Abdomen oval venter as in female. 2.5 long, 1.7 wide, 1.7 high. AME diameter 0.11. ALE 0.09. PME 0.11. PLE 0.09. Clypeus height 1.2 × AME diameter. AME separation 0.8 × AME diameter. AME–ALE separation 0.8 × AME diameter. PME separation 1.2 × PME diameter. PME–PLE separation 1.0 × PME diameter. Leg I length 19.3, leg II 9.9, leg III 4.3, leg IV 6.8, pedipalp 1.5. Pedipalp tibia 3.1. times longer than wide. Pedipalp as in Figure 14F–H .

Variation: Female total length 4.4–5.0, cephalothorax length 1.8-2.0. Male total length 3.1-3.7, cephalothorax length 1.5-1.9.

Distribution: Dominican Republic and Guatemala ( Fig. 11A ).

Material examined (N = 15): DOMINICAN REPUB- LIC: Constanza, La Vega, Ebano Verde , Loma La Sal , 18°41′49.4″N, 70°35′23.7″W, 2274 m, 16.iv.2005, F. Álvarez & B. Suresh leg. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0397 ; 3 males and 1 immature ( MCZ) FAP0398 ; 1 male and 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0381 largest male and female measured, male and female illustrated; 3 males, 4 females and 3 immatures ( MCZ) FAP0382 smallest male measured; 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0383 smallest female measured. 1 female ( MCZ) FAP0384 . GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Lanquin nr. Gruta , 5.ii.1980, B. & V. Roth leg. 1 female ( AMNH) FAP0388 .

METABUS CONACYT SP. NOV.

( FIGS 11A , 15 )

Types: Female holotype and one male paratype from Nebaj , Guatemala ( AMNH, FAP0392 ) .

Etymology: A noun in apposition, after the Mexican government agency ‘Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología’ (CONACYT).

Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from other Metabus species by the following combination of characters: epigynal atrium longer than wide, anterior margin continuous with two lobes under a cuticle flap ( Fig. 15B ); conductor tip without apophyses, and six trichobothria on the palpal tibia mesal surface ( Fig. 15F–H ).

Description: Female, holotype (FAP0392). Habitus as in Figure 15A . Total length 4.9. Cephalothorax 2.1 long, 1.5 wide, 0.6 high. Sternum 0.8 long, 0.9 wide. Abdomen oval, venter of the abdomen with two parallel lines formed of guanine patches. 3.2 long, 2.7 wide, 2.7 high. AME diameter 0.13. ALE 0.1. PME 0.13. PLE 0.1. Clypeus height 1.0 × AME diameter. AME separation 0.7 × AME diameter. AME–ALE separation 0.7 × AME diameter. PME separation 1.0 × PME diameter. PME–PLE separation 1.0 × PME diameter. Leg I length 20.2, leg II 11.3, leg III 4.8, leg IV 6.8, pedipalp 1.9. Epigynum as in Figure 15B–E .

Male from San Luis Potosí, Tamazunchale, Mexico (FAP0390). Habitus as in female. Total length 3.2. Cephalothorax 1.5 long, 1.3 wide, 0.3 high. Sternum 0.8 long, 0.7 wide. Abdomen oval, venter as in female. 2.0 long, 1.1 wide, 1.0 high. AME diameter 0.13. ALE 0.10. PME 0.10. PLE 0.13. Clypeus height 1.0 × AME diameter. AME separation 0.7 × AME diameter. AME– ALE separation 0.7 × AME diameter. PME separation 1.4 × PME diameter. PME–PLE separation 1.0 × PME diameter. Leg I length 21.4, leg II 9.7, leg III 3.8, leg IV 6.2, pedipalp 1.5. Pedipalp tibia 2.9. times longer than wide. Pedipalp as in Figure 15F–H .

Variation: Female total length 4.2–4.9, cephalothorax length 1.8–2.1. Male total length 3.1–3.2, cephalothorax length 1.4–1.5.

Distribution: Central Mexico to Guatemala ( Fig. 11A ).

Material examined (N = 12): GUATEMALA: Nebaj , 9.viii.1947, C. ae P. Aurie leg. 1 male and 5 females ( AMNH) FAP0392 largest female measured and illustrated . MEXICO: Chiapas, 4 miles S. Simojovel, 18.iii.1953, E. I. Schlinger leg. 1 female ( CAS) FAP0389 smallest female measured. San Luis Potosí, Tamazunchale , 20.v.1952, M. Crazier, W. Gertsch, & R. Schrammel leg. 1 male and 2 immatures ( AMNH) FAP0390 largest male measured and illustrated. 21°15′N, 98°48′W, 19.iv.1963, W. J. Gertsch & J. W. Ivie leg. 1 male and 1 immature ( AMNH) FAP0391 smallest male measured .

ALLENDE GEN. NOV.

( FIGS 5A–E , 6A–E , 9F–J , 10A , 11B , 16–19 )

Type species: Allende puyehuensis sp. nov.

Etymology: Named after Salvador Allende (1908−73), president of Chile from 1971 to 1973. Allende is a name masculine in gender.

Diagnosis: Allende species can be distinguished from all other tetragnathid genera by the following combination of characters: epigynum projected and with two apical invaginations ( Figs 6B , 19C ); cymbial base covered with small denticles, cymbial basal process long and slender, cymbial median process covered with enlarged macrosetae ( Figs 17L , 18P , 19L ); conductor tip with a distal hook and small basal lobes ( Figs 16M , 17K , 18Q , 19N ).

Description

Female: Medium-sized tetragnathid spiders, total length from 5.58 to 13.33. The smallest specimens are those of A. puyehuensis and the largest are those of A. nigrohumeralis . Carapace usually light in colour with the cephalic region darker, thoracic region slightly elevated and with a shallow circular fovea. Sternum triangular-shaped, dark in colouration, decorated with irregular white marks and projecting between coxae IV. Secondary eyes with canoe-shaped tapetum. AME and PME subequal in size, larger than the lateral eyes. Lateral eyes juxtaposed and on a tubercle. Clypeus height 1.0–1.6 × AME diameter. Chelicerae with three prolateral and four retrolateral teeth. Labium rebordered, wider than long. Endites rebordered, longer than wide. Leg formula I> II> IV> III, femora without trichobothria. Booklung cover smooth. Spinnerets: ALS with c. 60 piriform spigots. PMS with three aciniform spigots between the cylindrical and the minor ampullate spigots, minor ampullate nubbin present. PLS with 13 aciniform spigots arranged roughly in two lines, cylindrical spigots peripheral, aggregate spigots embracing the flagelliform. Epigynum protruding and well sclerotized, copulatory openings in the shape of slits located sideways at the base of the median plate ( Fig. 6B ). Copulatory ducts short and well sclerotized. Fertilization ducts also short, arising behind the copulatory duct insertion area ( Fig. 6C, D ). Spermathecae surface rugose covered with small openings, accessory gland openings arranged in groups ( Fig. 6E ).

Male: Total length from 4.6 to 9.2. Legs longer than the female and without modifications. Abdomen roughly oval shaped, pattern as in female. Epiandrous fusules arranged in clusters inside a depression of the epiandrous plate. PLS triplet reduced to nubbins, cylindrical spigots absent ( Fig. 9I ). Pedipalp patella with a single macroseta. Palpal tibia 2.4–4.6 times longer than wide, and with dorsal trichobothria at its base. Cymbium distal border sclerotized. Paracymbium cylindrical, longer than wide, with a distal sclerotized outgrowth, covered with macrosetae, attachment to cymbium membranous. Tegulum cylindrical, wider than long, sperm duct spiralled ( Fig. 19J, O ). Subtegulum displaced dorsally ( Fig. 17M ). Embolus enlarged basally and with a single apophysis, which is attached to the embolus by an S-shaped sclerotized ridge that inserts to its median portion, the rest of the attachment is membranous ( Fig. 19M ). Conductor well sclerotized, arising dorsally from the tegulum following its margin and gradually wrapping the embolus, attachment to the tegulum sclerotized ( Fig. 19J ).

Natural history: Largely unknown. A. puyehuensis can be found near streams or in relatively open areas inside the forest. They build orb webs with open hubs, few radii and an open sector ( Fig. 10A ). The median plate of the epigynum was covered with mating plugs in all the individuals examined from all the species ( Fig. 6A ).

Composition: Four species: A. longipes ( Nicolet, 1849) , A. nigrohumeralis (F. O. P.- Cambridge, 1889),

A. patagiatus ( Simon, 1901) and A. puyehuensis sp. nov.

Phylogenetics: Six synapomorphies support the monophyly of Allende: PLS aggregate spigots distal part embracing the flagelliform spigot (12-1) ( Fig. 9H ); cymbial basal process apophysis covered with denticles (44-3) ( Fig. 5C ) [these denticles permit recognition of the apophysis of the cymbial basal process of Allende as such rather than as a paracymbial apophysis ( Figs 17L , 18–19P )]; cymbial mesal process long (47-1) and covered with thicker macrosetae than those of the cymbium (48-2) ( Fig. 5C ); a distal hook with several lobes at the conductor tip (65-1); and the protruding epigynum plate (90-3). Allende is sister to Chrysometa ; this clade is supported by three synapomorphies: rugose male cheliceral anterior cuticle (20-1), the paracymbium in distal position relative to the cymbial basal process (43-1) ( Fig. 5C, F ), and the articulated paracymbium (50-3). The species of these two genera differ in their spermathecae and epigynum morphology. Allende species have short fertilization ducts that originate posteriorly ( Fig. 6C, D ), a configuration characteristic of other genera of the ‘metines s.s. ’, whereas C hrysometa have long and coiled fertilization ducts (82-1, 83-1) that originate anteriorly from the spermatheca (91-1).

Distribution: Chile: from the IV to the XII Regions, ‘ Región Metropolitana de Santiago’, and Juan Fernández Islands. Argentina: Neuquen and Río Negro. All species have overlapping distributions ( Fig. 11B ).

ALLENDE PUYEHUENSIS SP. NOV.

( FIGS 5A–E , 10A , 11B , 16 )

Types: Female holotype from Aguas Calientes Puyehue National Park , Osorno, Chile deposited at USNM ( FAP0219 ). One male ( FAP0213 ) and one female ( FAP0214 ) paratype from Puyehue, Los Mallines, deposited at USNM .

Etymology: The species epithet is derived from the type locality.

Diagnosis: This species can be distinguished from other Allende species by the following combination of characters: femora and tibiae covered with dark dots ( Fig. 16C ); epigynum longer than wide, dorsal plate folding over apical invaginations ( Fig. 16D–F ); cymbial median process base enlarged, cymbial basal process apophysis without denticles ( Fig. 16L ); and conductor tip with a long hook ( Fig. 16M ).

Description: Female from Aguas Calientes, Puyehue, Chile (FAP0235). Habitus as in Figure 16A . Total length 6.8. Cephalothorax 2.7 long, 2.0 wide, 0.8 high. Sternum 1.1 long and wide. Chelicerae light in colouration and with a reticulated dark pattern on their bases ( Fig. 16B ). Abdomen 4.5 long, 2.7 wide, 2.5 high, brown in colouration, caudal region elevated, venter with a dark median mark delineated with white guanine patches. AME diameter 0.15. ALE 0.15. PME 0.18. PLE 0.13. Clypeus height 1.3 × AME diameter. AME separation 0.9 × AME diameter. AME–ALE separation 1.4 × AME diameter. PME separation 0.7 × PME diameter. PME–PLE separation 1.3 × PME diameter. Leg I length 14.9, leg II 10.0, leg III 5.5, leg IV 7.9, pedipalp 3.1. Epigynal median plate with two round protuberances ( Fig. 16D, F ), spermathecae oval-shaped, longer than wide ( Fig. 16G, H ).

Male from El Manzano, Región del Bio-Bio, Chile (FAP0228). Habitus as in Figure 16I . Total length 5.3. Cephalothorax 2.7 long, 1.9 wide, 0.9 high. Sternum 1.1 long and wide. Cheliceral cuticle rugose ( Fig. 16J ). Abdomen oval 3.1 long, 1.5 wide, 1.3 high. AME diameter 0.14. ALE 0.16. PME 0.16. PLE 0.13. Clypeus height 1.1 × AME diameter. AME separation 1.0 × AME diameter. AME–ALE separation 1.4 × AME diameter. PME separation 0.6 × PME diameter. PME–PLE separation 1.4 × PME diameter. Leg I length 21.2, leg II 12.3, leg III 6.0, leg IV 8.6, pedipalp 3.2. Pedipalp tibia 2.4 times longer than wide, embolic basal apophysis short, pedipalp as in Figure 16K–N .

Variation: Female total length 5.6–7.6, cephalothorax length 2.5–2.9. Male total length 4.9–7.5, cephalothorax length 2.3–3.7.

Distribution: A. puyehuensis is endemic to Chile ( Fig. 11B ). Its geographical range covers the following latitudes 32°31′0″S to 42°53′55″S, and altitudes from 50 to 1440 m.

Material examined (N = 82): CHILE: Región IV del Coquimbo, Coquimbo, Pichidangui , 32°8′0″S, 71°32′0″W, 12.vii.1996, E. I. Schlinger leg. 1 female ( CAS) FAP0220 . Region del Maule VII, Cauquenes, Reserva Nacional Los Ruiles , NW of Cauquenes, 35°50.028′S, 72°30.613′W, 146 m, 13.xi.2003, L. Prendini, C. I. Mattoni & J. A. Ochoa leg. 1 female ( AMNH) FAP0393 ; Maule, Cauquenes, W of Maule, 350 m, 4.xii.1983, 2 males, 3 females and 11 immatures ( AMNH) FAP0236 female leg IV and epigynum illustrated; Talca, 3 km W Vilches , 1070 m, 7.ii.1992. N. I. Platnick, P. A. Goloboff & M. J. Ramírez leg. 1 male ( AMNH) FAP0231 . Región V de Valparaiso, Aconcagua , Quebrada el Tigre, 32°31′0″S, 71°26′0″W, 12.viii.1966, E. I. Schlinger & M. Irwin leg. 6 females ( CAS) FAP0221 . Región VIII del Bio Bio , Arauco, Contulmo, Monumento Natural , 300 m, 11–12.ii.1992, N. I. Platnick, P. A. Goloboff & M. J. Ramírez leg. 1 male and 2 immatures ( AMNH) FAP0233 largest male measured ; Bio-Bio, El Manzano , 15.xii.1985, L. E. Peña leg. 1 female ( AMNH) FAP0225 ; 8.xi.1992, T .

Figures

Figure 5. A–E, male genital anatomy of Allende puyehuensis. A, pedipalp ventral view. B, ectal view. C, cymbial processes. D, pedipalp apical view. E, mesal view. F, Chrysometa alajuela pedipalp ectal view.

Figure 6. A, female genital anatomy of Allende patagiatus mating plug. B–C, A. longipes. B, epigynum caudal view. C, dorsal view. D–E, A. nigrohumeralis. D, fertilization and copulatory ducts. E, accessory gland openings. F, Chrysometa saladito spermatheca lateral view.

Figure 9. Spinnerets. A–E, Metabus ocellatus. A, female ALS. B, female PMS. C, female PLS. D, male PLS. G, epiandrous fusules. F–H, Allende longipes. F, female ALS. G, female PMS. H, female PLS. I–J, A. nigrohumeralis. I, male PLS. J, epiandrous fusules. K–O, Mollemeta edwardsi. K, female ALS. L, female PMS. M, female PLS. N, male PLS. O, epiandrous fusules.

Figure 10. Photos of webs: A, Allende puyehuensis. B, Chrysometa acinosa. C, Mollemeta edwardsi. D, Metabus ebanoverde. Scale lines 10 cm. Photos A–C from Puyehue National Park, Chile. Photo D from Ebano Verde Scientific Reserve, Dominican Republic. (Photos A to C by G. Hormiga).

Figure 11. Distribution maps: A, Metabus species, Central and northern South America. B, Allende species, Chile. C, Chrysometa species, Chile. D, Mollemeta edwardsi, Chile.

Figure 13. Metabus debilis. A, female habitus. B, epigynum ventral view. C, caudal view. D, ventral view cleared. E, dorsal view cleared. F–G, male pedipalp. F, ectal view. G, ventral view. H, mesal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.

Figure 14. Metabus ebanoverde. A, female habitus. B, epigynum ventral view. C, caudal view. D, ventral view cleared. E, dorsal view cleared. F–G, male pedipalp. F, ectal view. G, ventral view. H, mesal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.

Figure 15. Metabus conacyt. A, female habitus. C, epigynum ventral view. C, caudal view. D, ventral view cleared. E, dorsal view cleared. F–G, male pedipalp. F, ectal view. G, ventral view. H, mesal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.

Figure 16. Allende puyehuensis. A, female habitus. B, female frontal view. C, first leg mesal view. D–H, epigynum. D, caudal view. E, ventral view. F, lateral view. G, caudal view cleared. H, dorsal view cleared. I, male habitus. J, male frontal view. K–N, male pedipalp. K, dorsal view. L, ectal view. M, conductor detail. N, ventral view. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.

Figure 17. Allende patagiatus. A, female habitus. B, female frontal view. C–G, epigynum. C, ventral view. D, caudal view. E, lateral view. F, caudal view cleared. G, dorsal view cleared. H, male habitus. I, male frontal view. J–M, male pedipalp. J, ectal view. K, conductor detail. L, dorsal view. M, ventral view. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.

Figure 18. Allende longipes. A, C–E, female habitus. B, female frontal view. F, first leg mesal view. G–K, epigynum. G, ventral view. H, vaudal view. I, lateral view. J, caudal view cleared. K, dorsal view cleared. L, male habitus. M, male frontal view. N–Q, male pedipalp. N, dorsal view. O, ventral view. P, ectal view. Q, conductor detail. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.

Figure 19. Allende nigrohumeralis. A, female habitus. B, female frontal view. C–G, epigynum. C, caudal view. D, lateral view. E, ventral view. F, caudal view cleared. G, dorsal view cleared. H, male habitus. I, male frontal view. J–P, male pedipalp. J, expanded. K, ventral view. L, dorsal view. M, expanded. N, conductor detail. P, ectal view. Scale bars 0.2 mm, except in habitus 1 mm.