Parakari, Nieto, Carolina & Derka, Tomáš, 2011

Nieto, Carolina & Derka, Tomáš, 2011, Parakari a New Genus of the Family Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from Guyana Highlands, Zootaxa 3032, pp. 47-59 : 48-49

Parakari new genus Nieto & Derka

Male Imago ( Figs. 15–18 ). Length: body: 6.4–6.5 mm; fore wings: 6.9–7.0 mm. Turbinate eyes oval, height of stalk ½ eye diameter ( Fig. 16 ). Legs I–II broken-off, leg III with tibia 1.6 times the length of femur, tarsi 1/3 times the length of tibia; tarsi with 4 segments decreasing in length distally. Fore wings ( Fig. 17 ) with paired long marginal intercalary veins; hind wings lacking. Genitalia with forceps three segmented, segment II with a constriction segment III elongate and long ( Fig. 18 ).

Female Imago. Length: body: 5.7–6.0 mm; fore wings: 6.7–6.8 mm. Fore wings with paired marginal intercalary veins; hind wings lacking.

Nymph. Length of body: 4.5–5.5 mm. Cerci ½ the length of body, terminal filament subequal in length to cerci. Antennae partially broken-off and lost. Mouthparts: Labrum with setae dorsally, anterior margin with 6–7 spine-like setae near midline and a row of bipectinate setae laterally ( Fig. 19 b). Mandibles ( Figs. 5–6 , 20–21 ) with incisors fused apically and without setae between prostheca and mola. Left mandible ( Figs. 5 , 20 ) with prostheca robust with 12–13 denticles. Right mandible ( Figs. 6 , 21 a–b) with incisors positioned in obtuse angle to mola area; prostheca bifid and pectinate. Hypopharynx ( Figs. 7 , 22 ) with lingua with a tuft of setae. Maxillae with four denticles, first and fourth denticles with a pointed projection apically ( Figs. 23 b–c), palpi with two segments, segment II with a concavity and a hole apically ( Fig. 23 d). Labium ( Figs. 9 , 24 ) with glossae shorter than paraglossae and with a row of setae, paraglossae rectangular, with three rows of long robust and pectinate setae; palpi three segmented, segment II with a strong distomedial projection, segment III rounded.

Legs ( Figs. 10 , 25 ). Femora with a row of spines on dorsal edge and a pair of spines apically. Tarsal claws ( Figs. 11 , 26 ) with a row of denticles, subapical denticle larger than the others. Hind wing pads absent. Abdomen with gills on segments II–VII. Paraprocts with spines apically ( Figs. 14 , 29 ). Caudal filaments with spines every two segments. Terminal filament subequal in length to cerci; internal margin of cerci and lateral margins of terminal filament with long setae.

Etymology. Parakari is a local indian name of a fermented alcoholic beverage manufactured from cassava by Pemon Indians. This ethnic group inhabits the Gran Sabana region in SE Venezuela, where this genus was collected. We proposed this genus name in order to acknowledge the cultural heritage of Pemon people. The gender is masculine.

Type species. Parakari churiensis n. sp.

Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from the other genera of the family by the following combination of characters: In the male imago: 1) hind wings absent; 2) fore wings ( Fig. 17 ) with paired long marginal intercalary veins; 3) genitalia with segment II of forceps with a constriction, segment III elongated ( Fig. 18 ). In the nymph: 1) gills on abdominal segments I absent; 2) hind wing pads absent; 3) tarsal claws ( Figs. 11 , 26 ) with a row of denticles, subapical denticle larger than the others; 4) labrum with anterior margin with 6–7 spine-like setae near midline and a row of bipectinate setae laterally ( Fig. 19 b); 5) mandibles ( Figs. 5–6 ) with incisors fused apically and without setae between prostheca and mola; 6) right mandible ( Figs. 6 , 21 a–b) with incisors positioned in obtuse angle to mola area; prostheca bifid and pectinate; 7) hypopharynx ( Figs. 7 , 22 ) with lingua with a tuft of setae; 8) maxillae with four denticles, first and fourth denticles with a pointed projection apically ( Figs. 23 b–c), segment II of palpi with a concavity and a hole apically ( Fig. 23 d); 9) labium ( Figs. 9 , 24 ) with paraglossae rectangular and with three rows of long robust and pectinate setae, segment II of palpi with a strong distomedial projection.

In the key of nymphs of South American genera of Baetidae (Domínguez et al. 2006, pag. 58) the couplets 19– 21 are modified to include Parakari n. g. as follow:

19 (17) Gills present on abdominal segments II–VII................................................................ 20 - Gills present on abdominal segments I–VII................................................................ 22 20 (19) Segment II of labial palpi with distomedial projection (Domínguez et al. 2006, Fig. 9 F)............................. 21 - Segment II of labial palpi without lateral projection (Domínguez et al. 2006, Fig. 69F)........................ Zelusia 21 (20) Mandibles without setae between prostheca and mola ( Figs. 5–6 ); right prostheca bifid ( Fig. 6 ); segment II of maxillary palpi

with a concavity and a hole apically ( Fig. 23 d).................................................... Parakari n. g. - Mandibles with setae between prostheca and mola; right prostheca robust with denticles apically; segment II of maxillary palpi

not as above............................................................................... Americabaetis

Regarding phylogenetic relationship of Parakari , we included this genus into the matrix proposed by Nieto (2010). The analysis recovered Parakari in the Node R (Fig. 73, Nieto 2010), within Tupiara + Acerpenna + Americabaetis supported by two synapomorphies: paraglossae with three rows of setae and segment III of forceps elongated. Americabaetis and Parakari were recovered as sister groups by gill I and hind wings absent.

Figures

FIGURES 15 – 18. Parakari churiensis sp. nov. Male imago. 15, dorsal view (MS: mesoscutum, SMS: submesoscutum). 16, lateral view. 17, fore wing. 18, genitalia, C: constriction.

FIGURES 19 – 23. Parakari churiensis sp. nov. Nymph. Mouthparts (Figs. 19 – 23): 19 a, labrum, left d. v., right v. v.; 19 b, labrum: apical setae; 20, left mandible v. v.; 21 a, right mandible v. v.; 21 b, right mandible: prostheca detail; 22, hypopharynx v. v.; 23 a, maxilla v. v.; 23 b, denticles detail; 23 c, denticle I detail; 23 d, maxillary palpi, segment II detail.

FIGURES 4 – 14. Parakari auyanensis sp. nov. Nymph. Mouthparts (Figs. 4 – 9): 4, labrum, left d. v., right v. v.; 5, left mandible v. v.; 6, right mandible v. v.; 7, hypopharynx v. v.; 8, maxilla v. v.; 9, labium, left d. v., right v. v. 10, leg I; 11, tarsal claw I. 12, posterior margin of tergum IV. 13, gill IV. 14, paraproct.

FIGURES 24 – 30. Parakari churiensis sp. nov. Nymph. 24 a, labium, left d. v., right v. v.; 24 b, paraglossae: two nonpectinate blade-like setae detail. 25, leg I; 26, tarsal claw I. 27, posterior margin of tergum IV. 28, gill IV. 29, paraproct. 30, cercus.