Eodromites grandis ( von Meyer, 1857 )

Starzyk, Natalia, 2015, Reappraisal of the primitive crab Eodromites, with description of three new species from European localities (Decapoda: Brachyura: Goniodromitidae), Palaeontologia Electronica 35 (7), pp. 1-19 : 6-8

Eodromites grandis ( von Meyer, 1857)

Figures 2.2-3, 4

1857 Prosopon grande von Meyer ; p. 556.

1857 Prosopon grande von Meyer ; Quenstedt, pl. 95, figures 41, 43-44.

1860 Prosopon grande von Meyer ; von Meyer, p. 2002, pl. 23, figures 1-3.

1889 Prosopon grande von Meyer ; Moericke, p. 67, pl. 6, figure 21.

1895 Prosopon grande von Meyer ; Remeš, p. 203, pl. 2, figure 12.

1925 Prosopon grande von Meyer ; Van Straelen, p. 365.

1925 Prosopon grande von Meyer ; Beurlen, p. 469.

1929 Pithonoton grande (von Meyer) ; Glaessner, p. 320.

1933 Pithonoton grande (von Meyer) ; Glaessner, p.180, figure 1.

1951 Pithonoton grande (von Meyer) ; Withers, p. 175, figures 7-9.

1959 Eodromites grandis (von Meyer) ; Patrulius, p. 254.

1966 Eodromites grandis (von Meyer) ; Patrulius, p. 509, pl. 30, figures 10-14.

1980 Pithonoton grande (von Meyer) ; Morris, p. 14.

1988 Pithonoton grande (von Meyer) ; Wehner, p. 91, pl. 7, figures 1-2.

2000 Pithonoton grande (von Meyer) ; Müller et al., figure 18E.

2008 Eodromites grandis (von Meyer) ; Schweitzer and Feldmann, p. 134, pl. 4, figures A-G.

2010 Eodromites grandis (von Meyer) ; Schweitzer and Feldmann, figure 5.1-3.

2011 Eodromites grandis (von Meyer) ; Franţescu, p. 283, figure 9.

2012 Eodromites grandis (von Meyer) ; Klompmaker et al., p. 790, figure 5, table 2.

Diagnosis. (after Klompmaker et al., 2012,

amended) Large-sized species (carapace width reaching about 17 mm). Carapace is short (width

0.86-0.91 of the length), convex, strongly narrowing posteriorly. Lateral borders are covered with small spines. The distance from outer orbital spine to cervical groove (AtC) is relatively short (0.28-

0.34x RtC length). Rostrum is short, rounded, without incission in the middle. Augenrest is long (1.4-

1.5x longer than wide) and symmetric along the horizontal axis. Upper and suborbital margins are smooth. Projection of orbital margin intercepts longitudinal axis at about 55 degree angle. Anterior groove is present. Hepatic tubercles and groups of hepatic pits are faint.

Comparative material. Poland: Polish Jura, Middle Oxfordian: Opoczno: IGPUW C/1/015, Włodo-

wice: IGPUW C/1/081. Upper Oxfordian:

Czerkiesy: IGPUW C/1/021, Patrzyków-Garbacze:

IGPUW C/1/039, Wapiennik: IGPUW C/1/070.

Austria: Dörfles near Ernstbrunn, Tithonian:

2008z0204/0004.

Additional material. Poland: Bzów: I-F/MP/1621/

1509/08; I-F/MP/1701/1517/08; I-F/MP/1725/1517/

08; I-F/MP/2027/1517/08; I-F/MP/2151/1517/08; IF/MP/3526/1533/08; I-F/MP/3604/1533/08.

Grabowa: I-F/MP/6366/1619/14, I-F/MP/6367/

1619/14. Kroczyce: I-F/MP/6368/1619/14. Niegowonice: I-F/MP/369/1497/08; I-F/MP/928/1507/ TABLE 3. Key to species: E. depressus , E. nitidus , E. polyphemi and E. rostratus are included only tentatively, based only on original drawings, as the material had been lost.

Characters Species

1a. Carapace longer than wide 2

1b. Carapace as long as wide 7

2a. Augenrest longer than wide 3

2b. Augenrest wider than long, with rounded, posterior angle, assymetrical along the horizontal axis E. aequilatus [carapace much longer than wide; lateral borders between outer orbital spine and cervical groove covered with tubercles; behind cervical groove borders smooth, parallel; rostrum short, narrow, with truncated edge; projection of orbital margin intercepts longitudinal axis at angle c. 75 o; spines on the upper orbital margin present; hepatic tubercles present; groups of hepatic pits present; three pairs of pits (I-III, compare

Figure 2.1) present]

3a. Rostrum incised in the middle 4

3b. Rostrum without incision 5

4a. Pairs of pits: I-III present [pair of groups of hepatic pits present; lateral borders smoth; hepatic tubercles E. guenteri n. sp. weakly visible; augenrest 1.75x longer than wide, symmetric along horizontal axis; projection of orbital margin intercepts longitudinal axis at angle c. 60 o (Figure 2.3)]

4b. Pairs of pits I-III absent [only the tip of the mesogastric region is distinct; posterior margin of carapace not E. rostratus incised, and not surrounded by with a furrow]

5a. Species relatively small (about 4 mm max. carapace width) 6

5b. Species relatively large (about 17 mm max. carapace width) [rostrum short; hepatic tubercles faint; groups E. grandis of hepatic pits present; lateral margis of carapace covered with small serrations; augenrest 1.4-1.5x

longer than wide, symmetric along the horizontal axis; projection of orbital margin intercepts longitudinal axis at about 55 degree angle; pairs of pits: I-III absent (Figure 2)]

6a. Rostrum long, broad; lateral borders of the carapace are smooth; carapace narrowing posteriorly; hepatic E. rotundus n. sp. tubercles small; groups of hepatic pits faint; augenrest barely longer than wide (1.1x), subtriangular,

asymmetric along the horizontal axis, with an elevated posterior angle; projection of orbital margin intercepts longitudinal axis at about 50 degree angle; pairs of pits I-III absent (Figure 2)

6b. Rostrum long, strongly narrowing anteriorly; lateral borders of the carapace are smooth; carapace only E. hyznyi n. sp. slightly narrowing posteriorly; hepatic tubercles absent; groups of hepatic pits are faint; augenrest 1.2x

longer than wide, subtriangular, asymmetric along the horizontal axis; projection of orbital margin intercepts longitudinal axis at about 50 degree angle; I pair of pits present (Figure 2)

7a. Carapace strongly narrowing posteriorly 8

7b. Carapace only slightly narrowing posteriorly 9

8a. Species relatively large (c. 24 mm max. carapace width); augenrest long, projection of orbital margin E. dobrogea intercepts longitudinal axis at about 50 degree angle; groups of hepatic pits present; cervical and branchio-cardiac grooves are deep; branchio-cardiac groove reaches the posterior border of the carapace; pairs of pits I-III absent

8b. posterior part of the carapace behind the branchio-cardiac groove is very short and narrow; cardiac region E. depressus reaching posterior margin of the carapace

9a. Augenrest perpendicular to longitudinal axis of the carapace; cervical and branchio-cardiac grooves are E. polyphemi equally deep

9b. Cervical groove is deep, branchio-cardiac groove is shallow E. nitidus

STARZYK: THE CRAB EODROMITES

FIGURE 3. Ratio of the AtC and RtC distance in studied species of the genus Eodromites .

08; I-F/MP/3233/1532/08; I-F/MP/4874/1534/08; IF/MP/4927/1534/09; I-F/MP/4999/1543/09; I-F/MP/ 5254/1543/09; I-F/MP/6255/1588/11. Ogrodzieniec: I-F/MP/161/1489/08; I-F/MP/4244/1534/08; IF/MP/6257/1588/11; I-F/MP/6258/1588/11; I-F/MP/ 6259/1588/11. Wysoka: I-F/MP/6369/1619/14.

Dimensions. Carapace width ranges from 2.3 to 8.97 mm, length – from 2.62 to 9.89 mm.

Description of material. The carapace is longer than wide (width 0.86-0.91 of the length), convex, strongly narrowing posteriorly (Figures 2.2, 4.5). Lateral border of the carapace between outer orbital spine and branchio-cardiac groove is covered with small serrations (Figure 4.3). Outer orbital spine is distinct and sharp. The distance between outer orbital spine and cervical groove (AtC) is 0.28-0.34x the distance from the anterior border of rostrum to cervical groove (RtC) (Figure 3).

Rostrum is short, rounded, directed downward, without incision. Axial groove is shallow and does not reach the anterior border of rostrum. Rostrum is best preserved in specimens 4874, 5254, 6255 and 6259 (Figure 4.2, 4.5).

Augenrest is long (1.4-1.5x longer than wide), distinctly bordered and deep, symmetric along horizontal axis (Figure 2.3). Upper and suborbital margins are smooth. Suborbital margin extends beyond the upper orbital margin. Anterior groove is present. Projection of orbital margin intercepts longitudinal axis at an angle of ca. 55 degrees. Details of augenrest are best visible in specimens 6255, 6258 and 6259 (Figures 2.3, 4.8).

Cervical pits are distinct. Hepatic tubercles are faint, best visible in specimen 928 (Figure 4.6). Groups of hepatic pits are shallow, best visible in specimens 2151, 3526, 3604 and 5254 (Figure 4.1). Three pairs of symmetric pits (I-III, Figure 2.1) are absent in this species.

Epigastric regions are rounded. Mesogastric region is bottle-shaped; its borders are better delimited in anterior and posterior part, and very weakly in the middle. There are delicate scars on both sides of a small incision in the middle of posterior border of the mesogastric region. In front of them there is a pair of similar, smaller scars (Figure 4.6, compare also Figure 2.1-2). The urogastric region bears a small tubercle. Cardiac region is flattened, with two tubercles in the anterior, and one tubercle in the posterior part. The epibranchial region is more convex and longer than the branchial region.

Cervical and branchio-cardiac grooves are shallow. Branchio-cardiac groove is deeper in lateral parts (parallel to the cervical groove), its middle part is shallower, almost not visible. Postcervical groove is very shallow, especially in the middle part, deeper laterally and merging with the branchio-cardiac groove.