Velarifictorus landrevus, Ma & Qiao & Zhang, 2019

Ma, Libin, Qiao, Min & Zhang, Tao, 2019, A new species of Velarifictorus Randell, 1964 (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllnae Modicoryllini) bearing similarities to the Landrevinae from China, Zootaxa 4612 (1), pp. 103-108 : 104-106

Velarifictorus landrevus sp. n.

( Tab. 1 ; figs 1–5 )

Type materials. Holotype. China: Male, Yunnan, Mengla, Wangtianshu , X-12~23-2014, Zhang Tao coll . Paratype. China: 5 males, Yunnan, Mengla, Wangtianshu , X-12~23-2014, Zhang Tao coll .. Female, Yunnan, Mengla, Wangtianshu , X-12~23-2014, Zhang Tao coll.

Measurements. Male (n=5): BL 19.49±0.60, HL 3.71±0.23, HW 6.52±0.31, PL 4.47±0.19, PW 6.20±0.23, FWL 9.32±0.98, MTL 5.42±0.22, HFL 13.82±0.26; female (n=1): BL 18.59, HL 3.71, HW 5.81, PL 4.61, PW 6.34, FWL 4.72, HFL 13.93, OL 13.68.

Etymology. The specific epithet ‘landrevus’ refers to the appearance of new species is very similar with most of Landrevinae species.

Diagnosis. Male. Body stout. Head large, conspicuously wider than pronotum, and as long as pronotum. Occiput pubescent laterally, remainder portions bright and smooth. Occiput and cheek swollen, vertex rounded. Frons narrowed, almost 1.5 times as width as scape; lateral viewed, frons obviously convex, the portions of convex almost as long as cheek. Area below compound eyes depressed, nearly smooth. Area below antennal socket depressed, flattened and somewhat wrinkled. Clypeus reduced, the proximal transverse portion depressed medially; and lower apical lobe somewhat triangular which tapering to the end and armed with rounded angle apex. Labrum shield-shaped with rounded apical margin. Mandible prolonged with nearly straight lateral margin. End section of maxillary palpus armed with roundly oblique truncate apex, and as long as total length of proximal three sections. End section of labial palpus truncate apically and as long as total length of other segments. Pronotum broad and flattened, slightly rounded expand towards lateral lobes. Anterior margin faintly concave medially and posterior margin straight. Pronotal lateral lobes armed with almost straight bottom margin, with rounded fore and hind corners. Tegmen not reaching apex of abdomen. Tegmen somewhat rounded laterally and armed with rounded angle apex. Sc veins developed and ridged. Basal field small; 1A vein short and arch-like and stridulatory vein faint and oblique. Tegmen possessing two oblique veins. Mirror quadrilateral with rounded corners. Dividing vein somewhat rightangle shaped and separating the former portion smaller than the hind. Apical field short and shorter than the portion of mirror after dividing vein. Fore tibiae armed with both inner and outer tympanum. Outer tympanum developed and elongate; inner tympanum extremely small and oval-shaped. Hind legs strong. Hind femur obviously wider than the width of lateral lobe of tegmen. Hind tibiae spur somewhat thin and long, and inside and outside spurs numbered 5:6. Cercus strong and possessing ring-like hair proximally. Genitalia: Middle lobe of epiphallus narrowed, armed with apical margin shaped as obtuse-angle while lateral margin right-angle-like. Epiphallic middle lobe vertically expanded, which rounded in lateral view and acute-angle-like in ventral view. Ectoparamere shaped simply: longed, proximally broad, apically curved and narrowed. Coloration: Body mainly brown, chocolate brown or dark brown. Vertex, occiput and pronotum ornamented dark brown. Area around ocelli light yellowish or yellowish. Apical two sections of maxillary palpi and end section of labial palpi colored light yellow, and remainder portions of maxillary or labial palpi brown or red brown. Anterior margin of pronotum colored brown and posterior margin ornamented golden yellow. Tegmen transparent brown with a pair of yellowish patches on humeral angle. Femurs colored red brown and from apex of femur to claw colored chocolate brown.

Calling song. There is long period of time between phrases (about 3 sec, Tab. 1 ). Each phrase consists of 9 to 14 echemes (each echeme keep for about 0.4 sec, Tab. 1 ). First 1/3 echemes of a phrase is weak and became normal behind them ( Fig. 5A ). There are four homophonics in each echeme and the lowest is primary one and its peak frequency is about 4000 Hz.

Female. Tegmina short and reaching the end of second abdominal tergite. Tegmen tapering to the end, proximally broad and shaped as angle apically. Longitudinal vein developed, CuA and Sc veins ridged. Sparse and faint transverse veins distributed between them and separating tegmen as several irregular cells. Tegmina colored chocolate brown, but area between CuA and Sc ornamented with yellowish band. Anal plate patterned by light and dark. Ovipositor shaped as needle, thin and long.

Remarks. New species is very similar to V. gradifrons , but this Thai species does not possess an internal tympanum on the fore tibia; its middle lobe of epiphallus is armed with rounded apex; anterior corner of its pronotal lateral lobe is ornamented with spots and its abdominal sternites blackish brown. On the other hand, the new species has an internal tympanum; apical margin of epiphallic middle lobe complex, armed with dorsal concave margin and lower angulate margin; lateral lobes of pronotum colored evenly, abdominal sternites brown or yellowish brown. Compared to V. bubalus , the species could be identified by comparing tegmen length and the structure of the epiphallic middle lobe. V. bubalus possesses short tegmina, reaching the middle of 7th abdominal tergite and the epiphallic middle lobe bears a vertical keel. In addition, the new species has longer tegmina and does not possess a keel under middle lobe of the epiphallus. For V. elephas , its tegmina are even shorter than V. bubalus and, especially, the middle lobe of its epiphallus is much wider than in the new species.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Living V. landrevus. A. male; B. female.

FIGURE 2. Locality of V. landrevus marked with red dot.

FIGURE 3. Bodies. A. male; B. female. Scale bar: 1cm.

FIGURE 4. Genitalia and head.A–C. genitalia:A. dorsal view; B. lateral view; C. ventral view. D–E. head: D. anterior view; E. lateral view. Scale bar: 1mm.

FIGURE 5. A calling song phrase of V. landrevus. A. oscillogram (amplitude versus time); B. mean amplitude specturum (frequency versus amplitude); C. spectrogram (frequency versus time).

Tables

TABLE 1. Descriptive statistics of acoustic parameters in sample of V. landrevus. ‘interval is period between phrases; ‘duration’ is the period of an echeme; ‘elements’ is number of echemes in a phrase.

	n	minimum	maximum	mean	std
interval	22	1.9453	5.7386	3.12518	0.83286
duration	23	0.3233	0.532	0.41321	0.05218
elements	23	9	14	11.0869	1.27611
element rate	23	0.0377	0.0396	0.03867	0.0004
peak frequency	23	3460	4500	3973.47	434.894
min frequency	23	2710	4030	3141.3	377.001
max frequency	23	4210	6000	4952.6	502.459