Campsurus essequibo Traver 1947

Molineri, Carlos & Salles, Frederico F., 2017, Review of selected species of Campsurus Eaton 1868 (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae), with description of eleven new species and a key to male imagos of the genus, Zootaxa 4300 (3), pp. 301-354 : 309-312

Campsurus essequibo Traver 1947

( Figs. 35–50 , 165 )

Campsurus essequibo Traver, 1947: 388 ; Domínguez et al., 2006: 570.

C. latipennis (misidentification) Eaton, 1871: 57 (male, female); Eaton, 1883 –1888: 39 (male, female); Banks, 1913: 84 (male); Lestage, 1923: 122; Needham & Murphy, 1924: 15; Traver, 1947: 383 (male).

"? Campsurus latipennis Walker ?", Traver 1947: 384.

Campsurus sp. A Traver 1947: 391.

Type material. GUYANA: holotype ♂ i slides N°2435 from Rockstone, Essequibo River, 25.vi.1927, C.U. Ent. Expedition (wings and genitalia, CUIC) . Paratype ♂i slides, same number and locality data as holotype (wings and genitalia, CUIC).

Additional material (deposited at CZNC when not mentioned): BRAZIL: 40 ♂ i from Amazonas, Barcelos, rio Demeni , boca do rio, S 00°25'29" / W 62°54'20", 35 m, 8–9.viii.2009, pennsylvania light trap, N Hamada col. ; 17 ♂ i and 2 ♀ i from Amazonas, Altazes, 1.vi.2012 ( CZNC). Amazonas, Manaus , Arquipélago de Anavilhanas , light trap, JL Nessimian col.: 3 ♂ i (22.viii.1980), 1 ♂ i (19.v.1982), 12 ♂ i (30.vii. 2000), 5 ♂ i (31.vii.2000), 70 ♂ i (1.viii.2000) ; 2 ♂ i from Amazonas, Iranduba, Ilha da Paciência, Nossa Senhora da Conceição , Lago Jacitara (A14 Lago ), S 3° 416' 40.7" / W 60° 16' 34.5", 19.ix.2003, UV light trap, Ephem. 36 ; 1 ♂ i from same as previous except: A14 Barco, Ephem. 94 ; 1 ♂ i from Amazonas, Serra do Aracá, Tributário do Igarapé da Cobra B06, N 00°52'13,22" / W 63°27'13,36", 150 m, 25–26.vii.2009, pennsylvania light trap, PT366 ; 100 ♂ i and 1 ♀ i from Amazonas, Arquipélago de Anavilhanas , 1–2.viii.2000, Nessimian col. ; 1 ♂ i from Roraima, Caracaraí, rio Branco, Bem Querer , N 01°55' / W 61°00', 18–21.xi.2002, AMO Pes col. ; 2 ♂ i and 7 ♀ i from Pará, Tucuruí, Ilha Tocantis , 1.viii.1984, light trap, B Mascarenhas col. BOLIVIA: 20 ♂ i and 3 ♀ i from Beni, río Itenez , Bella Vista , Laguna La Granja , río Blanco , 137 m, S 13° 14' 1" / W 63° 43' 22", 9.v.2006, E Domínguez & C Molina cols. (IBN) ; 15 ♂ i and 6 ♀ i from Beni, río Itenez, Laguna Redonda, Camp. California , S 13° 18.29' / W 63° 33.25', 142 m, 10.v.2006, C Molina col. (IBN) ; 20 ♂ i from Beni, río Itenez, Bahía Cambarazal, Camp. El Prado , 140 m, S 13° 18.08' / W 63° 36.36', 11.v.2006, C Molina col. (IBN) ; 24 ♂ i and 10 ♀ i from Beni, río Itenez, Versailles , 147 m, S 12° 39' 35.9" / W 63° 22' 32.4", 5.v.2006, E Domínguez & C Molina cols. (IBN) ; 5 ♂ i from Pando Dept., Manuripi, Laguna Bay (approx. S 11° 57' / W 68° 39'), 3.viii.2007, C Molina col. (IBN). COLOMBIA: 25 ♂ i and 1 ♀ i from Amazonas, Puerto Nariño, Loreto Yacu, 5.ii.1999, E Domínguez, MC Zúñiga & C Molineri cols. (MUSENUV, except 10♂ i IBN) ; 1♂ i Amazonas, P.N. Amacayacu, Quebrada Mata Mata , S 3° 48' 28" / W 70° 15' 21", 4.ii.1999, E Domínguez, MC Zúñiga & C Molineri cols. (IBN) ; 36 ♂ i same data except río Amacayacu, 93 m, S 3° 48' 28" / W 70° 15' 21", 3.ii.1999 (MUSENUV); and 7 ♂ i (IBN) from COLOMBIA-BRAZIL border, Reserva Natural Palmarí, río Yavarí , Muelle Centro Administrativo , 120 m, S 4° 17' 10" / W 70° 17' 49", 29.v.2002, MC Zúñiga et al. cols. VENEZUELA: 9♂ i and 1♀ i from Apure Prov., Guaritico river , módulos de mantecal, Finca Los Mangos, N 7° 33' 10" / W 69° 35' 26", 27.xi.2008, T. Derka col. (IBN) ; 12 ♂ i and 1♀ i from Gran Sabana, NP Canaima, Qda, Pacheco near the road to Santa Elena de Uarién, N 5° 09' 53" / W 61° 05' 41", 16.xi.2007, T. Derka col. (IBN).

Male imago. Length (mm): body, 6.3–8.5; fore wing, 5.6–7.0; hind wing, 2.4–3.3; cerci, 15.0–21.0; fore leg, 2.6–3.6. General coloration yellowish, extensively shaded with black in some individuals ( Fig. 165 shows mediumdark individual). Head yellowish, completely shaded with black dorsally ( Fig. 165 ). Antennae whitish translucent, shaded with gray. Thorax ( Fig. 165 ). Pronotum translucent, anterior portion completely shaded with black, darker at medial line; posterior pronotal portion translucent, shaded with gray completely; posterior margin blackish; transversal pale stripe between both portions; prosternum with area between coxae black. Mesonotum yellowish shaded with black on anteronotal protuberance and anteronotal impression, and with gray on mesoscutum and area between hind margin of mesoscutum and PSP; mesoscutum with black medial line; pleura yellowish shaded with black on area above spiracle, and above coxa continuing to PLsS (superior pleural suture); mesosternum with gray anterior furcasternal protuberance, black furcasternum and yellowish furcasternal protuberance (FSp), except inner and hind margins of FSp grayish ( Fig. 48 ); metanotum yellowish, shaded medially with gray, metasternum yellowish. Legs blackish. Wings. Membrane hyaline except base and fore margin purplish gray; longitudinal veins shaded purplish gray, darker on veins C, Sc and R1, lighter toward apex; cross veins of C, R and M areas shaded with gray, those on Cu area translucent; hind wing with base and longitudinal veins purplish gray, cross veins hyaline. Abdomen ( Fig. 165 ) completely shaded with black except for unpigmented submedial dots on terga III– IX, and band between submedial dot and lateral margin; tergum IX with pale medial line; tergum X lighter; abdominal sterna completely shaded with black, darker on remnants of gill insertions. Genitalia ( Figs. 35–36, 39– 47 ): sternum IX medially grayish, with truncated hind margin, sternum IX sculptured with multi-pointed microlepides; pedestal yellowish, with well-developed and elongated parastylus, pointed in lateral view, apex almost reaching half of forceps length; parastyli bases contiguous (pedestal of each side almost touching basally); forceps and penes yellowish; base of penes large and triangular, main lobe of penes elongated, thinner toward apex, ventrally curved; apex acute, sometimes curved outwards; secondary lobe of penes variable but always smaller and less sclerotized than main lobe, cylindrical and membranous (some few individuals with inflated secondary lobes, Figs. 36, 39, 42 ), apex of secondary lobe with acute spines ( Fig. 50 ). Caudal filament translucent yellowish white.

Female imago. Length (mm): body, 6.8–9.0; fore wing, 8.0–8.5; hind wing, 3.0–3.2; cerci, 1.5–2.5. General coloration similar to male except medial band on abdominal sterna not shaded with black. Sternum VIII with pair of small median sockets on anterior margin, both sockets papiliform and contiguous, forming oval structure, separated medially by thin ridge ( Figs. 37–38 ). Sternum VIII almost completely covered with spine-like microtrichia, except on sockets and anterior membranous margin.

Egg. Maximum length, 235–240µm; maximum width, 180–205µm. Yellowish white, bowl shaped, oval; polar cap located on one pole and formed by 6–9 thin, very long filaments spirally arranged. Polar cap relatively large, maximum width 105–135 µm, length 25–35 µm. Polar cap 0.6–0.7× maximum width of egg.

Distribution ( Fig. 181 ). Guyana (orig.). New country records: Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Roraima), Bolivia, Colombia, Venezuela.

Diagnosis. Campsurus essequibo is a very common and abundant species, widely distributed in the Amazon basin, known only from adults. It can be distinguished from other species of Campsurus by: 1) posterior margin of male abdominal sternum IX convex and truncated ( Fig. 49 ), sternum IX sculptured with multi-pointed microlepides; 2) pedestal of each side almost touching basally, long and slender, well-developed, outer posterior margin strongly projected forming a long parastylus, inner margin also projected but shorter ( Figs. 35, 39–43 ); 3) penes separated at the middle, inner margins subparallel distally, each arm formed by a large dorsal and somewhat sclerotized lobe, and a relatively large ventral membranous lobe apically rounded and covered with microspines ( Fig. 50 ); 4) small size (length of male fore wings 5.6–7.0 mm); 5) female sternum VIII with papiliform and contiguous sockets forming oval structure, separated medially by a thin ridge ( Figs. 37–38 ); 6) egg with large polar cap, 0.6–0.7× maximum width of egg.

Discussion. See discussion under C. latipennis for some historical confusion with C. essequibo . Campsurus essequibo shares the same general scheme in the male genitalia with C. cuyuniensis Traver , C. nessimiani sp. nov., C. dasilvai sp. nov., C. zunigae sp. nov., C. pereirae sp. nov. and C. janae sp. nov.: large pedestals touching each other basally, with well-developed parastylus and inner corner also projected distally; penes large and complex, with both lobes (main and secondary) well-developed and ornamented with tiny spines; main lobe of penes sclerotized and dark-colored (yellowish to orangeish), secondary lobe membranous and whitish translucent. Campsurus essequibo most probably constitutes a group of cryptic species, since much variation is present in details of the genitalia and general coloration, but we could not find morphological consistencies that would justify the erection of new species. We therefore present drawings of major variations in genitalia ( Figs. 35–36, 39–43 ). The main character to distinguish C. essequibo from the other related species is the relatively large main penes lobe, not broadened basally and with apex acute. In the female, the oval sockets and presence of polar cap in the eggs are also distinguishing characters (the similar species mentioned above show different sockets and do not present a polar cap—except C. pereirae sp. nov. —but an amorphous adhesive mass is present on the convex side of the egg).

Figures

FIGURES 181. Distribution maps.

FIGURES 35 – 50. Campsurus essequibo, imago. Holotype male genitalia: 35, general v. v.; 36, detail of penes, v. v. Female adult: 37, abdominal sternum VIII; 38, detail of sockets. Male imago: 39 – 42, genitalia, variations, v. v.; 43, genitalia after treatment with KOH; 44 – 47, genitalia, variations, l. v.; 48, male mesofurcasternum. SEM photographs: 49, genitalia, v. v. (with detail of microlepides); 50, detail of penes, v. v.

FIGURES 163 – 166. Male imago, general view, dorsal: 163, C. latipennis; 164, C. salobra; 165, C. essequibo; 166, C. nessimiani sp. nov. Abbreviations: ap = anteronotal projection, mps = medio parapsidal suture, ph = pronotal hump, psp = posteroscutal protuberances.