Campsurus povilla, Molineri & Salles, 2017

Molineri, Carlos & Salles, Frederico F., 2017, Review of selected species of Campsurus Eaton 1868 (Ephemeroptera: Polymitarcyidae), with description of eleven new species and a key to male imagos of the genus, Zootaxa 4300 (3), pp. 301-354 : 323-327

Campsurus povilla sp. nov.

( Figs. 85–92 , 94–99 , 171 )

Type material. Holotype ♂ i from BRAZIL, Goiás, Mineiros, L 06, 18.II. 2012, pennsylvania light trap, S 17°19'44" / W 52°23'21", E. Raimundi col. ( CZNC) . Paratypes: 1 ♀ i same data as holotype ( CZNC); 2 pharate male nymphs, 1 immature nymph from BRAZIL, Amazonas, Km 41, 2da ordem, bolsão de litter, (approx. S 2° 36' / W 60° 50') 5.viii.2000, JL Nessimian col. (2 nymphs in CZNC, 1 in IBN).

Male imago. Length (mm): body, 7.7; foreleg, 3.2; fore wing, 6.5; hind wing, 3.0; cerci, 19.5. General coloration yellowish white ( Fig. 171 ). Head ( Fig. 171 ) completely shaded with black dorsally, gena reddsih; ventrally whitish, slightly tinged with red. Antenna with scape and pedicel reddish, flagelum lost. Thorax ( Fig. 171 ). Pronotum hyaline, shaded with gray on anterior half, with paler transversal line between anterior and posterior portion; prosternum whitish, propleura whitish, shaded with gray. Mesonotum yellowish white with blackish medial line and area between PSP, parapsidal suture and PSP slightly shaded with gray; pleura and sterna whitish, shaded with black around coxa and with gray on submedial longitudinal line. Metanotum whitish, shaded with gray dorsally and ventrally. Legs. Fore leg whitish, completely shaded with red, except fifth tarsal segment and claws slightly paler. Middle and hind legs whitish translucent, shaded with gray on mid coxa; apex of femora acutely pointed. Wings. Fore wing with membrane hyaline, shaded with light brown on basal 2/3 of C and Sc areas; veins translucent, except C, Sc and R1 shaded as in adjoining membrane; cross veins hyaline, except on C, Sc and R areas, slightly shaded with brown. Hind wing similar to fore wing, but paler. Abdomen ( Fig. 171 ) whitish translucent, shaded with gray, except medial line, intersegmental membranes, and lateral transversal dash on terga II–VII. Abdominal sterna whitish, shaded with gray on inner margin of gill sclerites and very slightly on meson of sterna VII–IX. Genitalia ( Figs. 85–87 ): sternum IX with hind margin medially concave (arrow in Fig. 86 ); pedestal of each side touching basally, with inner apical corner (ic in Fig 86 ) roundly projected and completely covered with stout setae and small spines, outer apical corner (oc in Fig. 86 ) slightly and acutely projected; base of penes (bp in Fig. 85 ) wide proximally, narrowing abruptly distally; main lobe of penes (ml in Figs. 85, 87 ) large, bladelike and sclerotized, curved ventrally and with large distomedial gonopore (g in Figs. 85, 87 ), secondary lobe almost completely reduced (sl in Figs. 85, 87 ), apical half of penes orangeish, remainder of genitalia whitish. Caudal filaments translucent whitish.

Female imago. Length (mm): body, 8.6; fore wing, 9.1; hind wing, 3.6; cerci, broken. Coloration whitish yellow, similar to male imago except for abdominal coloration more extensive and other details, as follows. Thorax. Pronotum with medial blackish line. Wings. Membrane slightly tinged with yellow. Hind coxa shaded with gray medially. Abdominal sterna I–VIII with lateral gray mark. Sternum VIII with single small subquadrate socket on anteromedian margin ( Fig. 92 ). Caudal filaments whitish.

Egg. Length, 260 µm; width, 220 µm. Yellowish with whitish polar cap. Polar cap medium sized (width 0.6× maximum width of egg).

Mature nymph. Length of male (mm): body, 8.0–9.0; cerci, 6.0; terminal filament 5.5. Head ( Fig. 94 ) with frons completely covered with long setae, also on straight anterior margin, anterolateral blunt tubercle at base of antennae with apex up-curved, anterior half of gena protruded and covered with very long, strong setae, posterior half of gena bare, except for small tubercle before eye also covered with very long, strong setae ( Fig. 94 ); inner margin of compound eye with row of more than 15 very long, strong setae ( Fig. 94 ). Antenna ( Fig. 94 ): pedicel almost twice as long as scape, pedicel dorsally covered with very long, strong setae; flagellum 2.5× length of head capsule, scattered with very short, weak setae. Mandibular tusk ( Figs. 88–91 , 95 ) relatively long and slender, apex slightly up-curved; exposed area 0.5–0.6× length of head capsule; dorsal surface completely covered with very long, strong setae ( Figs. 91 , 95 ); inner margin with 6–7 very small tubercles (arrow in Fig. 88 ), these tubercles ordered in slightly sinuous row (in medial view), very short setae intercalated between tubercles; outer margin with 25–30 strong blade-like spines (in double row basally but in single row at apical half) (arrows in Fig. 90 ); ventral surface with many fewer setae than dorsum, on distal third and along outer margin ( Fig. 89 ). Maxilla without ventral gill. Thorax. Hind margin and posterolateral corner of pronotum, and propleura with strong setae; mesosternum with few long setae medially, metasternum completely covered with strong setae. Legs ( Figs. 96–99 ). Coxae and trochanters of all legs covered with strong setae, especially on hind leg. Basal half of fore femur (dorsal) with submedial and inner submarginal row of long seta, apical half with outer marginal row of long setae ( Fig. 96 ); ventral surface ( Fig. 97 ) with basal row of filtering setae almost forming closed ellipsoidal curve; tibia-tarsus with margins subparallel and straight, dorsal surface almost completely covered with long setae and stout setae ( Fig. 96 ), ventral surface with 2 rows of filtering setae ( Fig. 97 ): basal transversal row that extends along ventral surface and hind margin, and U-shaped longitudinal row along fore margin; apex of tibia-tarsus cleft, not strongly projected; fore tarsal claw apically curved and without denticles. Middle leg ( Fig. 98 ) with dorsal surface of femur covered with many long setae, mainly along margins and medially, ventral surface bare, except outer apical corner with row of long, curved setae; tibia with anterior margin with strong distal projection with crown of strong spines (arrow in Fig. 98 ), posterior margin completely covered with very long setae, anterior margin basally bare, distal third densely covered with thick, yellowish setae; tarsus, except for absence of crown of spines, similar in setation to tibia; tarsal claw long and slender, curved, with row of ca. 20 tiny denticles. Hind leg ( Fig. 99 ) similar to middle leg, except for absence of crown of spines on tibia, dorsal surface of femur completely covered with weak setae, outer apical margin of femur roundly projected (arrow in Fig. 99 ), and tarsal claw with row of ca. 25 tiny denticles. Abdomen. Lateral margins of all segments with row of long setae. Sterna III–VI with many short setae on hind margin, sterna VII–X with scattered long setae, sternum IX with medial row of long setae. Gills. Abdominal gill I bilobed, dorsal lamella almost 4× width and 1.33× length of ventral lamella. Cercus 0.7× length of body, covered with setae dorsally and ventrally, setae more numerous and longer on outer margin, decreasing in length and number toward apex. Terminal filament at least 1.2× length of body, more slender than cercus, covered completely with long, scattered setae.

Etymology. The name alludes to the African-Oriental genus Povilla Navás 1912 ( Polymitarcyidae, Asthenopodinae ), which has blade-like penes similar to this new species.

Distribution ( Fig. 181 ). Brazil (Goiás, Amazonas).

Diagnosis. Campsurus povilla sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Campsurus , in the adult stage, by: 1) posterior margin of male abdominal sternum IX medially concave ( Figs. 85–86 ); 2) pedestal of each side almost touching basally, with inner apical corner roundly projected and completely covered with stout setae and small spines, outer apical corner slightly and acutely projected ( Figs. 85–86 ); 3) base of penes wide proximally, abruptly thinning distally; main lobe of penes large, bladelike and sclerotized, curved ventrally and with large distomedial gonopore, secondary lobe greatly reduced ( Figs. 85–87 ); 4) small size (length of male fore wings 6.5 mm); 5) female sockets single, small and subquadrate ( Fig. 92 ); 6) egg with polar cap, 0.6× maximum width of egg. In the nymph: 1) anterolateral blunt tubercle at base of antenna with apex up-curved, pedicel with strong setae ( Fig. 94 ); 2) pre-ocular group of setae on gena arising from a slightly elevated area; inner margin of compound eye with row of more than 15 very long, strong setae ( Fig. 94 ); 3) mandibular tusks ( Figs. 88–91 , 95 ) with apex slightly curved upward, inner margin with 6–7 very small tubercles, outer margin with 25–30 strong blade-like spines and long setae, without basal group of stout spines on dorsomedial surface; 4) fore femur slender (length/maximum width = 3.0–3.2), fore tibiae with straight and subparallel margins ( Figs. 96–97 ); 5) middle and hind tarsal claws each with a single row of 20–25 minute denticles, on fore claw denticles are absent or so worn out that we could not see them in the few available nymphs.

Discussion. This species presents unique male genitalia; the structure of the penes is different from other species in that the main lobes are very large and blade-like (resembling those of the genus Povilla , Asthenopodinae) and the secondary lobes are greatly reduced. Pedestals are similar to the species of the major - group ( Molineri & Emmerich 2010), mainly to C. amapaensis , but are somewhat longer in C. povilla sp. nov. The single subquadrate female sockets are also similar to the major group but not exclusive to them since the same form is present in the violaceus group and in C. pereirae sp. nov. The nymphs present some similarities with those of C. nessimiani sp. nov. and related species ( C. zunigae sp. nov., C. pereirae sp. nov.) in the shape of forelegs (slender femora, long tibio-tarsus), but the apically up-curved mandibular tusks are not shared with other Campsurus . Affinities of C. povilla sp. nov. will remain obscure until a formal phylogenetic analysis is done, but we hypothesize that it may be sister to C. essequibo , C. cuyuniensis and related new species (here described) mainly because of characters in the nymphal stage (e.g., mandibular tusks with only small inner tubercles).

Figures

FIGURES 181. Distribution maps.

FIGURES 85 – 93. Campsurus povilla sp. nov., male imago: 85, genitalia, v. v.; 86, detail of pedestals, v. v.; 87, detail of penes, v. v. Nymph: 88, left mandibular tusk, detail of inner tubercles; 89, left mandible, occlusal view (the basal part and molae were displaced during slide preparation; 90, same, detail of apex; 91, right mandible, occlusal view. Female abdominal sternum VIII with detail of socket: 92, C. povilla sp. nov.; 93, C. zunigae sp. nov.

FIGURES 94 – 99. Campsurus povilla sp. nov., nymph: 94, head, d. v.; 95, right mandible, d. v.; 96, fore leg, d. v.; 97, same, v. v. (schematic); 98, middle leg, d. v.; 99, hind leg, d. v.

FIGURES 171 – 175. Male imago, general view, dorsal: 171, C. povilla sp. nov.; 172, C. lucidus; 173, C. demeni sp. nov.; 174, C. indivisus (from Alegre); 175, C. inusitatus sp. nov.