Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenfeld) Balech 1973

Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8), pp. 390-401 : 397

5. Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenfeld) Balech 1973

Diagnostic characters: Pear shaped elongated, dorsoventrally compressed body. Single short apical horn and two small diverging antapical spines present. Reticular body surface ( Fig. 2e ).

Distribution: Coastal and oceanic from cold temperate to warm temperate waters; worldwide distribution. Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, South Andaman region, India 20, Bay of Bengal 13, Indian Ocean 11, Yellow Sea, East China Sea 24, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Mediterranean waters 26, Black Sea 27, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31.

This species was recorded from the stations APK1, APK2 (surface and subsurface depths), APK3 and APK4 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Figures

Fig. 2 — Micrographs (Light microscope and SEM images) of species recorded from Kakinada coastal waters: (a) Protoperidinium depressum (Bailey) Balech 1974; (b) Protoperidinium brochii (Kofoid & Swezy) Balech, 1974; (c) Protoperidinium leonis (Pavillard) Balech 1974; (d) Protoperidinium ovum (J. Schiller) Balech 1974; (e) Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenfeld) Balech 1973; (f) Spiraulax kofoidii H. W Graham, 1942; (g) Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881; (h) Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881; (i) Ornithocercus magnificus Stein 1883; (j) Phalacroma doryphorum Stein 1883; (k) Tripos inflatus (Kofoid) F. Gómez, 2013; (l) Tripos trichoceros (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez, 2013; (m) Tripos candelabrum (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez, 2013; (n) Tripos vultur (Cleve) F. Gómez 2013; (o) Tripos vultur (Cleve) F. Gómez 2013 magnified view; and (p) Triadinium polyedricum (Pouchet) Dodge, 1981