Nannophya koreana Bae, 2020

Bae, Yeon Jae, Yum, Jin Hwa, Kim, Dong Gun, Suh, Kyong In & Kang, Ji Hyoun, 2020, Nannophya koreana sp. nov. (Odonata: Libellulidae): A new dragonfly species previously recognized in Korea as the endangered pygmy dragonfly Nannophya pygmaea Rambur, Journal of Species Research 9 (1), pp. 1-10 : 2-7

Nannophya koreana Bae , sp. nov.

ḎĘ꼬ŔṜÑḨ(ljḏ) ( Fig. 1 )

Nannophya pygmaea: Cho, 1958: 45 (male adult); Cho, 1969: 885 (adult, nymph); Bae et al., 1999: 288 (male and female adults, nymph); Lee, 2001: 123 (male & female adult figures); Jung, 2011: 285 (nymph), not Rambur (misidentification).

Type material examined. Holotype: male adult (No. NIBR IN 0000618157 , pinned), SOUTH KOREA, Jeollanam-do, Haenam-gun, Songji-myeon, Mabong-ri , 28 V 2012, J.A. Jeon, deposited at NIBR . Paratypes: 2 male adults (No. NIBR IN 0000618159 , 0000618160 , pinned), same data and deposition as holotype ; 1 male adult (No. NIBR IN 0000482500 , pinned), SOUTH KOREA, Incheon, Jung-gu, Muui-dong, Muui Is. , 14 VIII 2006, K.G. Kim, NIBR ; 1 female adult (No. NIBR IN 0000812695 , pinned), SOUTH KOREA, Jeollanam-do, Hampyeong-gun, Haebo-myeon, Geumgye-ri, 20 VI 2016, H.C. Jeong, NIBR ; 2 male adults ( No. KUEM 0000003728 , 0000003729 , pinned) & 5 female adults (No. 0000003704, 0000003705, 0000003730 (Allotype), 0000003731, 0000003732, pinned), SOUTH KOREA, Gyeongsangbuk-do (mislabeled as Gyeongnam), Mungyeong-si, Nongam-myeon , Yulsu-ri , 7 VII 2006, D.G. Kim, J.M. Hwang & H.H. Song, KU ; 12 male adults & 3 female adults (in 80% Ethanol), SOUTH KOREA, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Mungyeong-si, Nongam-myeon, Yulsu-ri, at abandoned paddy, 17 VI 2006, D.G. Kim, KU ; 7 female adults (in 80% Ethanol), SOUTH KOREA, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Mungyeong-si, Nongam-myeon, Yulsu-ri, at abandoned peddy, 19 VI 2006, D.G. Kim, KU ; 5 male adults & 4 female adults (pinned), SOUTH KOREA, Chungcheongnam-do, Buyeo-gun, Jangam-myeon, 14 VI 2007, D.G. Kim, KU .

Other material examined. Nannophya koreana : SOUTH KOREA: 9 nymphs (small to large-sized, in 80% Ethanol ), Incheon, Jung-gu, Muui-dong, Muui Is., at hill wetland, 7 V 2006, Y.J. Bae, T.J. Yoon , J.H. Yum & D.G. Kim, KU ; 31 male adults (in 80% Ethanol ), Chungcheongnam-do, Buyeo-gun, Jangam-myeon, behind Jangam Elementary School, 29 VI 2010, D.G. Kim, KU ; 169 nymphs (mid- to large-sized, in 80% Ethanol), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Mungyeong-si, Nongam-myeon , Yulsu-ri , at abandoned paddy, 17 VI 2006, 3 VIII 2006, 20 X 2006, 16 III 2007, 17 IV 2007, 4 VI 2007, 19 VI 2007 & 29 VII 2007, D.G. Kim, KU ; 1 nymph (large-sized, in 80% Ethanol), Jeollanam-do, Gokseong-gun, Wolbong-ri , at abandoned paddy, 28 X 1999, Y.J. Bae, KU . Nannophya pygmaea : SINGAPORE: 2 male adults (in 80% Ethanol), Sime Road, Sime Track , Central Catchment Nature Reserve , MacRitchie Reservoir , 14 VII 2009, Y.J. Bae & V . V. Nguyen , KU . CAMBODIA: 1 male adult (in 80% Ethanol) & 34 nymphs (mid- to large-sized, in 80% Ethanol), Kampong Tamon Province, Sam Tuk district , Okampop Amgyl , E105°28′34.7″ N12°39′01.7″, 15 XII 2009, KU ; 1 male adult & 6 nymphs (in 80% Ethanol), Siem Reap Province, Siem Reap distract, Phum Angluag Thom village, Thma chruonh, alt. 332 m, E104°10′12.6″ N13°32′28.4″, 24 IV 2010, D.G. Kim, M.J. Baek, J.S. Kim, S. Polin & H. Narith, KU .

Male adult (holotype). Dimensions. Body length 18.2 mm; forewing length 14.8 mm; forewing width 4.0 mm; hindwing length 14.0 mm; hindwing width 5.5 mm; abdomen length 11.7 mm; superior appendage 0.94 mm. Coloration. Body generally brownish red with light orange pigmentation basally in fore and hindwings ( Fig. 1A, 1B ). Head. Vertex, occiput, frons, postclypeus, and anteclypeus light orange, densely covered with reddish black hair-like setae; mouthparts reddish black, densely covered with reddish black hair-like setae. Compound eyes connected at medial line; upper part reddish brown; lower part reddish black. Ocelli reddish black with light yellow ring. Antennae reddish black. Thorax. Pronotum black, densely covered with reddish black hair-like setae. Synthorax generally brownish red with small black markings on upper part of humeral suture and metepisternal suture, covered with dense reddish black hair-like setae; lateral synthorax brownish red with 1 thick black stripe terminating at 1/2 height above spiracle ( Fig. 1B ); ventral synthorax black. Wings transparent, tinged with light orange pigmentation in basal area; veins black and venation reduced, with tiny black spines sparsely on longitudinal and cross veins and with rowed tiny black spines along wing margins; costa with 2 rows of tiny black spines. Forewings ( Fig. 1A ) with light orange pigmentation in basal 1/4 area reaching to basal area of triangle, with thickened nodus and black pterostigma; antenodals 5; postnodals 7; arculus slightly contorted and situated between 1st and 2nd antnodals; Rs and MA arising near posterior margin of arculus and merging distally; R 4 +5 situated along line of Rs; 1st radial cell with 1 crossvein; triangle somewhat quadrilateral with arched anterior margin; triangle, subtriangle, and supratriangle without divided cells. Hindwings ( Fig. 1A ) with light orange pigmentation in basal 1/3 area reaching to distal area of triangle, with thickened nodus and black pterostigma; antenodals 4; postnodals 7; supratriangle without crossvein; anal loop not developed. All legs black, with hair-like setae dorsally and ventrally, with row of long spines on anteroventral and posteroventral margins of apical femora, tibiae, and tarsi; claws paired; each claw bifurcate, with much smaller ventral branch. Abdomen. Abdominal segments I and anterior 1/3 of segment II reddish black, with dense reddish black hair-like setae; posterior 2/3 of segment II- segment X brownish red, dorsally with relatively sparse hair-like setae, ventrally with dense reddish black hair-like setae; each posterodorsal, lateral, and paired ventral margins with rowed black teeth. Accessory appendage black. Anal appendages light orange ( Fig. 1B ), covered with reddish black hair-like setae; superior appendages ( Fig. 1E, 1F ) almost straight laterally from dorsal view, slightly curved downward from lateral view, posteromedially with expanded round margin with 4-5 distinct black teeth on round margin, apically pointed with single black tooth; inferior appendage ( Fig. 1E, 1F ) reaching 0.85 × length of superior appendage, basally broadly lobed and apically bifurcate, terminally with paired black teeth.

Female adult (allotype). Dimensions. Body length 17.8 mm; forewing length 16.0 mm; forewing width 4.5 mm; hindwing length 14.5 mm; hindwing width 6.0 mm; abdomen length 10.6 mm. Coloration. Body generally reddish brown, with black and light orange markings and stripes, with light orange pigmentation basally in fore and hindwings ( Fig. 1C, 1D ). Head. Vertex, occiput, and frons black, densely covered with black hair-like setae; postclypeus and anteclypeus light yellow, with reddish brown markings centrally, densely covered with black hair-like setae. Compound eyes reddish brown, connected at medial line. Ocelli reddish brown with light yellow ring. Antennae black. Mouthparts reddish black, densely covered with black hair-like setae. Thorax. Pronotum dark brown, covered with dense light yellow hair-like setae. Synthorax generally reddish black; anterior synthorax reddish black, with paired large triangular light yellow markings at mid-length, with paired transverse light yellow markings at wing base ( Fig. 1C ). Lateral synthorax light yellow with 1 thick black stripe completely connected to wing base ( Fig. 1D ), with small black marking near wing base, with sparse light yellow hair-like setae. Ventral synthorax black, with small light yellow markings diversely on suture, with dense light yellow hair-like setae. Wings transparent, tinged with light orange pigmentation in basal area ( Fig. 1C ); veins black and venation reduced; venation and coloration similar to male. Legs generally black; trochanter with light yellow markings. Abdomen. Abdominal segments ( Fig. 1C, 1D ) generally reddish brown with transverse light markings; posterior margins black, with row of black teeth; segments I and anterior 1/3 of segment II black, with dense light yellow hair-like setae; segment III reddish brown, with large anterolaterial light yellow areas, with relatively sparse hair-like setae; segment IV reddish brown with darker lateral areas; segments V- VIII reddish brown, with large anterolateral light yellow areas, with sparse light yellow hair-like setae; segments VIII- X reddish brown, with dense light yellow hair-like setae; segment VIII with small anterolateral light yellow markings. Ventral abdomen black, with dense light yellow hair-like setae. Abdominal appendages light yellow, covered with dense light yellow hair-like setae; cerci terminally pointed; paraproct ca. 0.5 × length of cerci.

Mature nymph. Dimensions. Body length 8.6-9.8 mm; head width 2.9-3.1 mm; hind wing sheath length 3.5- 3.6 mm; hindfemur 2.3-2.5 mm; hindtibia 2.6-2.8 mm. Body ( Fig. 3F ) relatively small; body color pale brown to dark brown; body surface covered with tiny dark brown grains and sparse long hair-like setae. Head. Head ca. 1.5 × broader than pronotum, inverted trapezoidal, with prominent occipital lobes. Clypeus with dense stout hair-like setae. Compound eyes anterolaterally located. Antennae short, filamentous; flagella 5-segmented. Submentum short, slightly exceeding posterior margin of fore coxae; anterior margin of medial lobe prominent and pointed, with minute serrations and sparsely with ca. 5-6 short stout setae; mental setae 9 (outer 3-5 longest and others gradually shorter). Lateral lobe large, triangular, and fringed with short bristles, with a distinct movable hook and 6 long lateral setae; anterior margin with 10-12 short stout setae; lateral margin with row of short hair-like setae. Thorax. Pronotum with row of long hair-like setae on lateral margin. Mesosternal ridge with row of long hair-like setae. Hind wing sheath large, reaching mid-length of abdominal segment VII. Legs relatively short; hindfemora slightly shorter than head width; femora with sparse long hair-like setae on posterior margin; tibiae with long hair-like setae on posterior and anterior margins; tarsi 3-segmented, with row of short stout setae basally; claws double, without denticles. Abdomen. Abdomen short, broad, and oval (widest at segment VI); each abdominal dorsum with tiny denticles on posterior margin; segments VIII-IX with very acute lateral spines and long hair-like setae on lateral margins; segment IX posteroventrally with relatively dense long hair-like setae. Anal pyramid short and thick; epiproct triangular, apically sharply pointed; paraprocts slightly longer than epiproct; cerci slightly shorter than epiproct.

Diagnosis. Male adults of N. koreana ( Fig. 1A, 1B, 1E, 1F ) can be easily distinguished from those of N. pygmaea ( Fig. 2A, 2B, 2E-2G ) by the presence of a thick, incomplete black stripe on the lateral synthorax that terminates at half-length ( Fig. 1B ) (vs. continuous to wing base; Fig. 2B ), light orange ( Fig. 1B ) (vs. red; Fig. 2B ) anal appendages, and 4-5 ( Fig. 1F ) (vs. 2-3; Fig. 2G ) black teeth on the ventral superior appendages. Meanwhile, female adults of N. koreana ( Fig. 1C, 1D ) can be easily distinguished from those of N. pygmaea ( Fig. 2C, 2D ) by the presence of large, paired, triangular, light-yellow markings on the anterior synthorax ( Fig. 1C ) (vs. lacking such markings; Fig. 2C, 2D ) and less prominent basal wing pigmentation ( Fig. 1C, 1D ) (vs. more prominent wing pigmentation; Fig. 2C, 2D ). Furthermore, the body length of N. koreana specimens is generally larger (1.2-1.4 times) than those of N. pygmaea specimens, regardless of life stages (male adult, female adult, or nymph).

Etymology. The species epithet ‘ koreana ’ refers to the country of origin.

Distribution. Korea.

Habitat and ecology. Nymphs of N. koreana inhabit shallow wetlands (5-15 cm in depth) with clean water and abundant macrophytes, such as Persicaria thunbergii and Juncus effusus var. decipiens , and seem to prefer abandoned rice fields in rural and remote hilly or mountainous areas ( Fig. 3A-3E ). Adults are found around wetlands (e.g., abandoned rice fields), where they move slowly above the wetland surface, and are found in other areas when the wetlands become dry. The habitat, ecology, life history, and behavior of this species have been well studied in Korea ( Bae et al., 1999; Lee, 2005; Kim et al., 2010).

The habitat of N. pygmaea ( Fig. 4 ) is generally similar to that of N. koreana . Adults of N. pygmaea ( Fig. 4C-4F ) are often found around small streams in open areas of tropical forest ( Fig. 4A, 4B ).

Figures

Fig. 1. Nannophya koreana: A. male adult, dorsal; B. male adult, lateral; C. female adult, dorsal; D. female adult, lateral; E. male anal appendages, dorsal; F. male anal appendages, lateral.A-D: bar=10mm; E, F: bar=0.3 mm; aap =anal appendage; iat=inferior apical teeth; sat=superior apical teeth; slst=synthorax lateral stripe.

Fig. 3. Nannophya koreana habitat in Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea (A-E): A. landscape of abandoned rice field; B. habitat with abundant aquatic plants (Persicaria thunbergii); C. male adult at habitat; D. female adult at habitat; E. immature male adult at habitat; F. nymph(from Muuido, Incheon, Korea).

Fig. 2. Nannophya pygmaea: A. male adult, dorsal; B. male adult, lateral; C. female adult, dorsal; D. female adult, dorsolateral; E. male anal appendages, dorsal; F. male anal appendages, dorsolateral; G. male anal appendages, lateral. A, B: bar=10 mm; E-G: bar=0.5 mm; aap=anal appendage; sat=superior apical teeth; slst=synthorax lateral stripe.

Fig. 4. Nannophya pygmaea habitat in Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Singapore: A. lentic habitat; B. lotic habitat; C. male adult at habitat; D & E. female adult at habitat; F. male and female adults in copulation at habitat.