Calamites STERNBERG

Cleal, Christopher J. & Thomas, Barry A., 2018, Nomenclatural Status Of The Palaeobotanical “ Artificial Taxa ” Established In Brongniart’S 1822 “ Classification ” Paper, Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2), pp. 9-28 : 14

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0001
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03861853-FFB9-FFED-DABD-F9F9FDA6FB2E
treatment provided by	Felipe (2021-03-05 18:44:49, last updated by Plazi 2023-11-01 23:30:48)
scientific name	Calamites STERNBERG
status

Treatment

Calamites STERNBERG typ. et orth. cons.

1820 Calamites SCHLOTHEIM , p. 398 (nom. inval.).

1820 Calamitis STERNBERG, p. 24.

1822a Calamites BRONGNIART , p. 209 (orth. cons.).

Ty p e. Calamites suckowii BRONGNIART, 1828b, p. 124 (typ. cons.); Loc.: Middle Pennsylvanian Series, Dudweiler, near Saarbrücken, Germany (see comments in Cleal et al. 2012).

D i a g n o s i s. “Tiges articulées striées régulièrement, impressions arrondies, petites, nombreuses, formant un anneau autour de chaque articulation, ou quelquesfois nulles.”

D i s c u s s i o n. The nomenclatural status of Calamites has been the subject of some confusion and a number of proposals have been made (Lanjou 1953, Anon. 1954, Storch 1981, Greuter et al. 1994, Cleal et al. 2012). The position summarised above is that given in the most recent proposal ( Cleal et al. 2012) and is the basis for its status as a conserved name in the current ICN.

The name is widely used for a fossil-genus of adpressions, casts and pith-casts of stems and rhizomes, mainly from Carboniferous and Permian floras, and usually regarded as belonging to the Sphenophyta (e.g. Jongmans 1911, Crookall 1969). Their anatomy is well documented (e.g. Andrews 1952, Eggert 1962, Rössler and Noll 2006, 2007) and there are three basic structural types that are generically distinguished: Calamitea COTTA, 1832 , Arthropitys GOEPPERT, 1864 , and Arthroxylon REED, 1952 . Since it is impossible to determine which of these anatomies corresponds to the nomenclatural type of Calamites , the latter should only be used for adpressions, casts and pithcasts, and not for anatomically-preserved fossils.

References

Andrews, H. N. (1952): Some American petrified calamitean stems. - Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 39: 189 - 218. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394523

Brongniart, A. (1828 b): Histoire des vegetaux fossiles, ou recherches botaniques et geologiques sur les vegetaux renfermes dans les diverses couches du globe, Vol. I, 1. - G. Dufour et Ed. d'Ocagne, Paris, pp. 1 - 80.

Cleal, C. J., Thomas, B. A., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A., Zijlstra, G. (2012): Proposal to change the authorship of Calamites, nom. cons (fossil, Sphenopsida) and to delete Calamitis, nom. rej. - Taxon, 61: 884 - 885.

Cotta, C. B. (1832): Die Dendrolithen in Beziehung auf ihren inneren Bau. - Arnoldische Buchhandlung, Dresden, 89 pp.

Crookall, R. (1969): Fossil plants of the Carboniferous rocks of Great Britain [Second Section]. Part 5. - Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, Palaeontology, 4: 573 - 792.

Eggert, D. A. (1962): The ontogeny of Carboniferous arborescent Sphenopsida. - Palaeontographica, Abteilung B, 110: 99 - 127.

Goeppert, H. R. (1864): Die fossile Flora der Permischen Formation. - Palaeontographica, 12: 1 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 83833

Greuter, W., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Chaloner, W. G., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D. L., Jorgensen, P. M., Nicolson, D. H., Silva, P. C., Trhane, P., McNeill, J. (1994): International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code). - Koeltz, Konigstein, 389 pp.

Jongmans, W. J. (1911): Anleitung zur Bestimmung der Karbonpflanzen West-Europas mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der in den Niederlanden und den benachbarten Landeren gefundenen oder noch zu erwartenden Arten. I Band. Thallophytae, Equisetales, Sphenophyllales. - Mededeelingen van de Rijksopsporing van Delfstoffen, 3: 1 - 482.

Reed, F. D. (1952): Arthroxylon, a redefined genus of calamite. - Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 39: 173 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394522

Rossler, R., Noll, R. (2006): Sphenopsids of the Permian (I): the largest known anatomically preserved calamite, an exceptional find from the petrified forest of Chemnitz, Germany. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 140: 145 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2006.03.008

Rossler, R., Noll, R. (2007): Calamitea Cotta, the correct name for calamitean sphenopsids currently classified as Calamodendron Brongniart. - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 144: 157 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2006.08.001

Storch, D. (1981): Der Startpunkt der palaobotanischen Nomenklatur. - Taxon, 30: 209 - 218.