Olindias sambaquiensis Müller

Nagata, Renato Mitsuo, Júnior, Miodeli Nogueira & Haddad, Maria Angélica, 2014, Faunistic survey of Hydromedusae (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) from the coast of Paraná State, Southern Brazil, Zootaxa 3768 (3), pp. 291-326 : 310-312

Olindias sambaquiensis Müller

( Figs 27–30 )

References consulted. Vannucci 1951: 72–73, figs 1–4. Kramp 1959a: 173. Kramp 1961: 227–228. Goy 1979: 291. Zamponi & Girolla 1989: 20–22, figs 3–9; Bouillon 1999: 432, fig. 3.137. Haddad 2006: 33–37, fig. 15. Nogueira & Haddad 2006a: 880, figs 1–16.

Material. Municipality of Pontal do Paraná, Shangrilá Beach (25°39–40’S; 48°21–26’W): 16/04/1998 — 1 specimen; 20/04/1998 — 16 specimens; 23/05/1998 — 5 specimens; 08/08/1998 — 1 specimen; 15/01/1999 — 1 specimen; 15/05/1999 — 3 specimens; 26/06/1999 — 4 specimens; 29/07/1999 — 3 specimens; 17/09/1999 — 190 specimens; 14/10/1999 — 77 specimens; 16/11/1999 — 17 specimens; 30/10/2005 — 25 specimens; 14/01/2005 — 1 specimen; 03/05/2005 — 12 specimens; 25/07/2005 — 29 specimens; Municipality of Guaratuba (25°54’S; 48°23’W): 21/04/2001 — 1 specimen; 20/05/2001 — 1 specimen; 29/07/2001 — 1 specimen; 27/10/2001 — 12 specimens; 23/11/2001 — 2 specimens; 18/01/2002 — 2 specimens; 23/02/2002 — 10 specimens; 31/05/2003 — 39 specimens; 08/08/2003 — 146 specimens; 20/09/2003 — 61 specimens; 01/11/2003 — 10 specimens; 01/12/2003 — 2 specimens; 16/01/2004 — 16 specimens; 27/02/2004 — 3 specimens; 14/04/2004 — 32 specimens; 12/05/2004 — 295 specimens; 20/06/2004 — 100 specimens; 23/07/2004 — 27 specimens; 18/08/2004 — 61 specimens; 22/10/2004 — 2 specimens; 25/11/2004 — 279 specimens; 15/12/2004 — 39 specimens; (25º53’S; 48º53’W): 03/09/2006 — 437 specimens; 23/09/2006 —1439 specimens; Barra do Saí Beach (25°58’– 26°01’S; 48°35’W): 22/07/2004 — 22 specimens; 30/08/2004 — 83 specimens; 21/10/2004 — 1 specimen; 25/11/2004 — 15 specimens; 17/12/2004 — 3 specimens; 20/04/2005 — 16 specimens; Munipality of Guaraqueçaba, Superagüi Island (25°20–27’S; 48°07’W): 29/10/2004 —2870 specimens; 15/01/2005 — 6 specimens; 23/07/2005 — 146 specimens; Municipality of Paranaguá, Mel Island (25°33–36’S; 48°07–17’W): 27/10/2004 — 337 specimens; 23/01/2005 — 2 specimens; 04/ 05/2005 — 2 specimens; 22/07/2005 — 72 specimens; Municipality of Matinhos (25°45–49’S; 48°24–30’W): 30/10/ 2004 — 25 specimens; 14/01/2005 — 1 specimen; 03/05/2005 — 47 specimens; 25/07/2005 — 86 specimens.

Reference specimens: MZUSP 900, 10 specimens. Dzoo-Cn 215, 2 specimens; Dzoo-Cn 198, 8 specimens.

World distribution. Endemic to subtropical and temperate southwest Atlantic coast, from Rio de Janeiro State (22°S) ( Brazil) to San Blas Bay, Province of Buenos Aires (42°S) ( Argentina) ( Mianzan 1989; Mianzan & Ramirez 1996; Genzano et al. 2008).

Distribution in Brazil. From north of the State of Rio de Janeiro (A.C. Morandini pers. comm. 2012) to Santa Catarina ( Nogueira et al. 2010).

Description. Almost hemispherical umbrella, 6–10 cm in diameter. Manubrium slightly quadrangular without peduncle, mouth margin sinuous ( Fig. 29 ), with 4 lips. 4 radial canals, 14–27 centripetal canals per quadrant, usually unbranched and ending blindly ( Fig. 27 ). Gonads with papilliform processes closely folded ( Fig. 30 ), on the radial canals, from the circular canal toward the middle part. About 60–100 primary hollow tentacles, reddish in living animals, originating on the exumbrella, just above the margin, with complete or incomplete nematocyst rings along their length, and with a nematocyst button at the tip ( Fig. 28 ). 150–300 hollow secondary tentacles; usually yellowish in living animals, originating at the umbrellar margin, with semicircles of nematocysts over their entire length, except in the most proximal region, which is strongly muscular, and also with a small nematocyst button at the tip. Also on the margin, 90–200 club-shaped protrusions. Statocysts in pairs near the base of primary tentacles.

Systematic remarks. Among the six valid species in the genus ( Bouillon & Boero 2000; Schuchert 2013), O. sambaquiensis is distinguishable mainly by the absence of adhesive pads at the tip of the tentacles, the number of primary structures (centripetal canals, tentacles, and clubs), and the shape and size of the umbrella (Vannucci 1951; Kramp 1961). According to Kramp (1959a), the other forms of Olindias Müller , except for O. singularis Browne , are distinguishable only by numerical characters and probably belong to a single species. However, the features mentioned above, the wide geographical separation, and the absence (at least apparently) of intermediate individuals are sufficient to consider them valid ( Vannucci 1951a). A wide variation in the pattern of radial and centripetal canals in this species occurs, such as individuals with between 2 and 5 radial canals ( Nogueira & Haddad 2006a).

Biological data. It is frequently associated with accidents with bathers in Brazil (Vannucci 1951; Haddad et al. 2002) and Argentina ( Zamponi & Facal 1987; Kokelj et al. 1995; Mianzan & Ramirez 1996; Mianzan et al. 2001), causing moderate to severe stings. In Brazil it can be found throughout the year, being more abundant during the winter off São Paulo (Vannucci 1951) and spring at Florianópolis ( Nogueira et al. 2010). In Argentina, by contrast, the species occurs only during the warmer months ( Vannucci & Tundisi 1962; Zamponi & Facal 1987; Chiaverano et al. 2004). Its life cycle, with a small, solitary polypoid phase, was described by Zamponi & Facal (1987).

Figures

FIGURE 27 – 32. Olindias sambaquiensis Müller: adult medusae in oral view (27), umbrellar margin with primary tentacles inserted on exumbrela, and secondary tentacles and club-shaped protrusions originating on umbrellar margin (28); mouth (29) and gonads with papilliform processes (30); Cunina octonaria McCrady: adult medusae (31) and marginal lobe with otoporpae (arrows) (32).