Heteropyge araguayensis ( Schubart, 1947 )

Iniesta, Luiz F. M., Bouzan, Rodrigo S. & Brescovit, Antonio D., 2019, On the millipede genus Heteropyge: description of the adults of H. araguayensis and revalidation of H. bidens (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Spirostreptidae), Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2019032) 109, pp. 1-13 : 2-8

Heteropyge araguayensis ( Schubart, 1947)

( Figs 1−26 )

Orthoporus araguayensis SCHUBART, 1947:27 . Five immature males and five immature females, all syntypes from Santa Terezinha [10°43’19.09”S; 50°39’13.74”W; formerly Barra do Tapirapé], Mato Grosso, Brazil, 23.XI.1939 – 15.III.1940, A. L. de Carvalho leg., deposited in MZSP, examined; SCHUBART, 1958:240.

Heteropyge araguayensis . HOffMAN, 1960:111, 113; KRABBE, 1982:333.

Additional material examined. BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: Pindaíba (14°58’14.72”S; 52°17’8.39”W), Fazenda Brasil , 17♂, 31♀ and 1 immature, 19-31.I.1998, M. E. V. Calleffo leg. ( IBSP 540 ) .

Diagnosis. The males differ from those of all other species of the genus by the elongated apicomesal process on the proplica (app; Figs 18 , 22, 23 ); distolateral metaplical process sinuous and birdhead-shaped (dmp; Figs 18 , 22, 23 ); a rounded mesal edge and an acuminate ectal tip directed distally ( Figs 18−20 ); first pair of male legs with a subtriangular process on prefemur and scattered setae at the base of the process ( Figs 12, 13 ); presence of ventral pads on femur, postfemur and tibia ( Fig. 12 ); telson of males and females with an elongated spiniform process on each

Heteropyge SILVESTRI, 1897a:651 . Type species: Odontopyge paraguayensis Silvestri, 1895 , by original designation.

Heteropyge ATTEMS, 1914:179 ; HOffMAN, 1960:111; 1980:93; DEMANGE, 1970:394, 402; MAURIÈS, 1975:1271; KRABBE, 1982:332.

Odontopyge (non Brandt) SILVESTRI, 1895:11 (syn. in part, for Odontopyge paraguayensis Silvestri ).

Orthoporus (non Silvestri) SCHUBART, 1947:27, 52 (syn. in part, for Orthoporus araguayensis and O. brasiliensis ).

Helicosolenus ATTEMS, 1950:247 . Type species: Helicosolenus lineolatus Attems, 1950 by original designation. Synonymized by HOffMAN, 1960:111.

Diagnosis. The genus differs from all others spirostreptid genera by the following gonopodal characters: metaplica with a rounded distolateral process ( Figs 18 , 22, 23 ); inner process of metaplica robust ( Figs 18 , 33 ) and elongated (1/2 length of proplica); telopodite with a large, broad, lamellar expansion ( Figs 21 , 24, 25 ); a short antetorsal

On the millipede genus Heteropyge : description of the adults... Iet al.

paraproct ( Figs 1 , 4, 5 ); collum subrectangular, rounded sides, and an evident diagonal sulcus ( Fig. 2 ).

Redescription. Immature males described by SCHUBART (1947). Additional data for adults here provided.

Male (IBSP 540). Total length: 48 mm. Maximum vertical diameter: 3 mm. Antennomere length: 4 mm.

General characteristics. Coloration (in 70% ethanol). Head and trunk reddish brown ( Figs 1−3 ). Prozonite lighter; metazonite with a lighter ochre band and a darker on dorsal region ( Fig. 1 ). Legs lighter brownish. Telson brownish. Head with 6 supralabral setae and 8 + 8 labral setae. Mandibles with superior and inferior stipital lobes. Mandibles with one external teeth and four internal teeth ( Figs 10, 11 ). Ten rows of pectinate lamellae; a small group of lateral fringe located close to the end of lamellae. Antennomeres 5 and 6 each with a group of small basiconic setae within an elliptical concavity ( Figs 6−9 ); antennomere 7 with numerous irregular sensilla basiconica ( Fig. 9 ); four sensory cones in a square-shaped membranous area ( Fig. 9 ). Collum subrectangular covering the basal part of the mandibular cardines; rounded sides, and an evident diagonal sulcus ( Fig. 2 ). Ozopores starting with body ring 6. Epiproct with a posterior rounded projection; convex paraprocts with 1+1 elongated spiniform process, each around 0.4 mm long ( Figs 4, 5 ); hypoproct triangular. Anterior sternum square; posterior sternum rhomboid, with shallow transverse sutures. Midbody legs with no modifications ( Fig. 17 ).

First pair of legs: Coxae rounded, with 8+8 setiform setae in a curved row in mesal region ( Fig. 12 ). Prefemur triangular; 2+2 distomesal setae ( Figs 12, 13 ); a subtriangular prefemoral process with a rounded tip; a group of small scattered setae at the base of the process ( Fig. 13 ). Femur, postfemur and tibia with membranous ventral pads ( Fig. 12 ); tarsus with four setiform setae on internal side. Second pair of legs: coxae with a rounded and large basal portion. Prefemur appressed to and contiguous with the distal portion of coxae; femur, postfemur and tibia with membranous ventral pads ( Fig. 14 ). Penis elongated and suboval (pn, Figs 14, 15 ).

Gonopod ( Figs 18−25 ). Sternum semi-circular. Paracoxite (px) rounded. Proplica short (pp); acuminate apicomesal process (app) and rounded ectal edge covered by the telopodite. Small setae scattered over distal region of proplica. Metaplica elongated (mp); distolateral metaplical process (dmp) sinuous; birdhead-shaped (mainly in posterior view), lateral tip with pointed aspect and slightly directed distally; inner process (ip) stout, triangular. Gonoschisma evident between coxal folds (gc, Fig. 20 ). Telopodite bulky; short antetorsal process; a large, lamellar, broad expansion starting after the torsotope (tt, Fig. 23 ). Solenomere (sl) in medial region with two complete 360° torsions (sls; Figs 21 , 24 ); partially covered by lamellar expansion; apex of solenomere triangular ( Fig. 25 ) and covered by lamellar expansion. Seminal sulcus (sg; Fig. 19 ) running along entire lamellar portion of telopodite.

Female (IBSP 540). Total length: 52 mm. Maximum vertical diameter: 4 mm. Antennomere length: 3.5 mm. Coloration (in 70% ethanol): head and trunk reddish brown. Somatic characters as in male, except as noted. Femur, postfemur and tibia of leg-pair 1 and 2 without membranous ventral pads. Vulva: appressed to base of coxae 2 and covered by extensive muscular tissues. Bursa poorly-sclerotized. Lateral valves covered by a thin membranous protrusion; a rounded lobe in apical region and a furrow (bf) along bursa ( Fig. 16 ).

Distribution. Known from the eastern areas of the state of Mato Grosso ( Fig. 26 ).

Remarks. The taxonomic identification of H. araguayensis was possible through the structure of the immatures, which was the only known developmental stage of this species. SCHUBART (1947) measured and described the species, based on ten immature specimens (five males and five females). After the examination of the adults, described in the present study for the first time, the elongated spiniform processes on paraproct (around 0.3-0.5 mm) is evident, as previously noted by SCHUBART (1947:28). In addition, the adults resemble with the immatures in sharing a brownish coloration and a yellow-ochre posterior band on each body

On the millipede genus Heteropyge : description of the adults... Iet al.

ring ( Fig. 1 ), as well as a curved furrow (set off the lateral margin) on the collum ( Figs 1 , 2 ) ( SCHUBART, 1947:28).

According to the general introduction provided by Schubart for the collection performed by A. L. de Carvalho ( SCHUBART, 1947:2), the greater sampling effort was focused on the banks of the Araguaia River, mainly in the indigenous area of “Barra do Tapirapé” (= Santa Terezinha). Indeed, based on the recent material and the records of H. araguayensis , we may expect that the species is distributed along the moist forest close to the Araguaia River. (see Fig. 26 ).

Figures

Fig. 1. Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947), stereoscopic images of a male specimen from Pindaíba, Mato Grosso, Brazil (IBSP 540). Habitus, lateral view. Scale bar: 2 mm.

Figs 2−5. Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947), stereoscopic images of the male specimen from Pindaíba, Mato Grosso, Brazil (IBSP 540). 2, anterior region; 3, frontal view; 4, posterior in lateral view; 5, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figs 6−11. Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947), SEM images of male specimen from Pindaíba, Mato Grosso, Brazil (IBSP 540): 6, antennae; 7, fifth, sixth and seventh antennomeres; 8, elliptical concavity on fifth antennomere in detail; 9, sixth and seventh antennomeres in detail (the arrow refers to the scattered basiconic setae); right mandible: 10, lateral view; 11, detail of the mandible with the lamellae pectinates. Scale bars: Fig. 6, 1 mm; 7, 250 µm; 8, 200 µm; 9, 200 µm; 10, 500 µm; 11, 300 µm.

Figs 12−17. Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947), SEM images of male and female specimens from Pindaíba, Mato Grosso, Brazil (IBSP 540): 12, first pair of legs of the male in anterior view; 13, detail of the prefemoral process (blue: distomesal setae, red: scattered setae on prefemur); 14, second pair of legs of the male in anterior view; 15, detail of the male gonopore; 16, vulva; 17, female mid-body leg in lateral view. Scale bars: Fig. 12, 1 mm; 13, 250 µm; 14, 1 mm; 15, 300 µm; 16, 400 µm; 17, 600 µm.

Figs 18−21. Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947), SEM images of the right gonopod of male specimen from Pindaíba, Mato Grosso, Brazil (IBSP 540): 18, anterior view; 19, mesal view (pink: seminal groove [sg]); 20, posterior view; 21, detail of the telopodite (orange: lamellar expansion, blue: spiral solenomere [sls]). Scale bars: Fig. 18, 1 mm; 19, 1 mm; 20, 500 µm; 21, 500 µm.

Figs 22−25. Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947), stereoscopic images of the left gonopod of male specimen from Pindaíba, Mato Grosso, Brazil (IBSP 540): 22, anterior view; 23, detail of the distal region in anterior view; 24, telopodite; 25, detail of the telopodite. Scale bars: 22, 500 µm; 23, 500 µm; 24, 500 µm; 25, 200 µm.

Fig. 26. Distribution map of Heteropyge araguayensis (Schubart, 1947) from Brazil. The cross refers to the type locality and the star to the new record in Pindaíba, Mato Grosso, Brazil (PA, Pará; TO, Tocantins; MT, Mato Grosso; GO, Goiás; MS, Mato Grosso do Sul).

Figs 33−38. Stereoscopic images of the gonopods. Figs 33-35, Heteropyge bidens (Schubart, 1945) male (MZSP 1014): 33, anterior view; 34, detail of the distal region in anterior view; 35, posterior view. Figs 36-38, Heteropyge cayennophilus (Silvestri, 1897) male (IBSP 636): 36, anterior view; 37, detail of the distal region in anterior view; 38, posterior view. Scale bars: 33, 200 µm; 34, 100 µm; 35, 200 µm; 36, 500 µm; 37, 200 µm; 38, 500 µm.