Cephalotes pinelii (Guerin-Meneville, 1844)

Oliveira, Aline Machado, Powell, Scott & Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado, 2021, A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes), Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 65 (3), No. e 20210028, pp. 1-52 : 36-37

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0028
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512327
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587E5-FFD7-FFE4-FFDF-FF0BD764FC64
treatment provided by	Carolina
scientific name	Cephalotes pinelii
status

Treatment

The pinelii View in CoL species group

( Figs. 40 View Figure 40 , 41 View Figure 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48)

Thepinelii group was first proposed byKempf (1952), including six species ( C. foliaceus , C. grandinosus , C.incertus , C. maculatus , C.pinelii , and C.scutulatus ). Later,De Andradeand Baroni Urbani (1999) separated it in two groups, grandinosus and pinelii . The species C. foliaceus , and C. grandinosus were included in the grandinosus group, and the other four species in thepinelii group, along with C.kukulcan andthree new species described by De Andrade in De Andrade and Baroni Urbani ( C. liepini , C. pileini and C. nilpiei ).

In the morphological phylogeny (De Andrade and Baroni Urbani, 1999, see their Fig. 24 View Figure 24 ), the grouppinelii isrecovered as monophyletic, with the species C. kukulcan , C. scutulatus and C. incertus forming a deeply nested grouping within the clade. In the molecular phylogeny (Priceet al., 2016, see their Fig.S3 View Figure 3 ), the relationshipsbetween C.kukulcan , C. scutulatus and C. incertus were supported, but they were recovered as sister group of the texanus and bimaculatus groups, not related with the other species of the pinelii group. The remaining species of the pinelii group were recovered as related to the grandinosus group ( Fig. 54 View Figure54 ), rendering the pinelii group proposed by De Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999) polyphyletic. Morphology and molecular data suggest that C. kukulcan , C. scutulatus and C. incertus might form an additional group within Cephalotes , but the first two species were not included in this study, since they not occur in Brazil. On the other hand, the species of pinelii that occur in Brazil and are closely related to the grandinosus group likely form a monophyletic group with it, as discussed under the grandinosus group section.

Diagnosis: In workers, body strongly flattened dorsoventrally. In dorsal view, dorsum of mesosoma continuous, with lamellar lateral expansions. In workers and soldiers, hind femora without crest, lamellae, or angles ( Fig. 2l View Figure 2 , 3l View Figure 3 ). Petiole and postpetiole with lamellar lateral expansions.

Brazilian species of pinelii group

Cephalotes incertus (Emery, 1906)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus incertus

Cephalotes liepini De Andrade, 1999

Cephalotes maculatus (Smith, 1876)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus maculatus

= Cephalotes grandinosusmagdalenensis (Forel, 1899) Obsoletecombination:Cryptocerus grandinosusmagdalenensis = Cephalotes maculatus nanus (Forel, 1912)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus maculatus nanus Cephalotes mariadeandrade new species

Cephalotes nilpiei De Andrade, 1999

Cephalotes pinelii (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)

Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus pinelii

Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the pinelii View in CoL group of Cephalotes View in CoL based on workers

( Figs. 40 View Figure 40 a-i)

1 Indorsalview, petiole andpostpetioleaslongasor longerthan wide (not including laterallamellar expansions) ( Fig.40e View Figure 40 )......................... C. incertus View in CoL

1’ In dorsal view, petioleand postpetiole wider than long (not including laterallamellar expansions) ( Fig.40d View Figure 40 )...............................................................2

2 In dorsalview, anterior portion of the lamellar expansions of the gaster bent dorsally, not continuouswith thegastraltergite ( Fig. 40g View Figure 40 )......... C. liepini View in CoL

2’ Indorsal view, anterior portion of the lamellar expansions of the gaster flat, continuouswiththegastraltergite ( Fig.40h View Figure 40 )................................3

3 In dorsal view, lamellar expansionsof propodeum presentonly on the declivousface, absent dorsally ( Fig. 40c View Figure 40 )............................................................ ......................................................................... C. mariadeandrade new species

3’ Indorsal view, propodeumentirely marginatedby lamellarexpansions ( Fig. 40f, i View Figure 40 ).................................................................................................................4

4 In frontal view, frontal carinae concave anteriorly the eyes ( Fig.40a View Figure 40 ). In lateral view, eyes occupying 1/3 of the length of the head................. ........................................................................................................... C. maculatus View in CoL

4’ In frontal view, frontal carinae straight anteriorly the eyes ( Fig. 40b View Figure 40 ). Inlateral view, eyesoccupyingless 1/3 of thelengthof thehead .........5

5 In dorsal view, propodealgroove deep, forminga depression ( Fig.40f View Figure 40 )... ............................................................................................................................. C. nilpiei View in CoL

5’ In dorsal view, propodeal groove weak, not forming a depression ( Fig. 40i View Figure 40 ).................................................................................................... C. pinelii View in CoL

Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the pinelii View in CoL group of Cephalotes View in CoL based on soldiers

( Figs. 41 View Figure 41 a-i, 43)

1 Cephalic disc full of many tubercular elevations ( Fig. 43 View Figure 43 ).................... ....................................................................... C. mariadeandrade new species

1’ Cephalic disc without tubercular elevations ( Fig. 41 View Figure 41 a-c).....................2

2 Cephalic disc with contiguous foveae ( Fig. 41a View Figure 41 ) .................... C. liepini View in CoL

2’ Cephalic disc with foveae separate by interspaces ( Fig. 41b, c View Figure 41 ).........3

3 In frontalview, posterior portionof the head with acircular depression ( Fig. 41b View Figure 41 )...................................................................................................... C. pinelii View in CoL

3’ In frontal view, posterior portion of head flat, without a depression ( Fig. 41c View Figure 41 )..........................................................................................................................4

4 Lateral expansions of pronotum with same color as the rest of the mesosoma ( Fig. 41d View Figure 41 ). Dorsal face of propodeummeeting the declivous face at an angle of almost 90° ( Fig. 41h View Figure 41 ).................................. C. maculatus View in CoL

4’ Lateral expansionsof pronotum lighter than the restof the mesosoma ( Fig. 41e View Figure 41 ). Dorsal face of propodeum continuous with the declivous face, not meeting at a distinct propodeal angle ( Fig. 41g View Figure 41 )........................5

5 In dorsal view, petiole and postpetiole as long as or longerthan wide (not including laterallamellar expansions) ( Fig. 41f View Figure 41 )............... C. incertus View in CoL

5’ In dorsal view, petioleand postpetiole wider than long (not including laterallamellar expansions) ( Fig. 41i View Figure 41 )........................................... C. nilpiei View in CoL