Rhagovelia danpolhemi Moreira, Pacheco-Chaves & Cordeiro

Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo, Pacheco-Chaves, Bernald, Springer, Monika & Cordeiro, Isabelle Da Rocha Silva, 2015, Two new species of Rhagovelia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) from Costa Rica, with a key and new records from the country, Zootaxa 3980 (4), pp. 477-500 : 478-483

Rhagovelia danpolhemi Moreira, Pacheco-Chaves & Cordeiro sp. nov.

( Figs 1–8 , 28 )

Apterous male ( Fig. 1 , Table 1 ). General color very dark brown to black, covered by silvery pubescence on head and body. Head with impressed longitudinal midline and pair of indentations on base shining black. Eyes dark red. Antenniferous tubercles dark brown. Buccula and base of rostrum dark brown; rostrum shining, becoming black apically. Antenna with base of article I white to pale yellow and remaining brown to dark brown, lighter on intersegmental pieces. Pronotum with transverse, centrally-interrupted, orange stripe between eyes. Mesonotum anteriorly with two oblique shining black areas. Proacetabulum with most of venter and margin yellowish brown; mesoacetabulum with margin yellowish brown; metacetabulum with posterior half yellowish brown. Abdominal tergites VI–VII centrally shining black, sometimes also with small central mark on tergite V; venter entirely dark bluish brown, or bluish black with central subquadrate area of last sternite dark brown to black. Genital segments shining dark brown to black. Fore and hind coxae yellow to yellowish brown; mid coxa brown to dark brown; fore trochanter light brown to black; mid trochanter dark brown with base sometimes lighter; hind trochanter yellow to yellowish brown; fore and hind femora entirely dark brown or with a small light brown area on base contrasting with rest of segment. Remainder of legs dark brown to black.

Head and body velvety. Head short, with a few long setae anteriorly to eyes and adjacent to inner eye margin; without denticles. Antenna covered by short brown setae, with additional stout erect setae on articles I–II. Antennomeres I–III cylindrical; IV fusiform; I thicker than others, arcuate, curving laterad; III slightly broader at apex than II and IV. Rostrum thick, reaching base of mesosternum.

Thorax dorsally covered by short, shining setae and longer light setae on posterior margin of meso- and metanota; laterally with long, dark, curved setae. Pronotum short, centrally flat, with posterior margin nearly straight, not covering mesonotum. Mesonotum slightly swollen centrally. Venter of thorax without denticles or other distinct features.

Abdomen dorsally covered by short, golden setae. Abdominal tergites I–V short and wide; VI longer; VII subquadrate. Posterior margins of abdominal tergites I–III slightly convex; of tergites IV–VII straight or nearly so. Connexiva horizontal to slightly elevated, subparallel from base to tergite IV, then tapering to apex. Sternites with posterior margins concave. Last sternite distinctly longer than others. Proctiger as in Fig. 2 . Paramere as in Fig. 3 .

Legs covered by short, brown setae and rows of longer, thicker setae on femora and tibiae. All legs without spines or denticles. Fore femur slightly arcuate. Fore tibia more strongly arcuate ( Fig. 4 ), slightly concave near apex of inner surface. Hind femur elongate, distinctly thinner than base of mid femur. Hind tibia without apical spur ( Fig. 5 ).

Macropterous male ( Table 2 ). Identical to apterous male except for structure of thorax and wing development. Pronotum subpentagonal, with posterior lobe developed and completely covering remainder of thorax; posterior corner rounded, without projections. Wings broken off approximately at middle. Forewings with two elongated proximal cells and two small rounded distal cells. Outer vein of forewing densely covered by brown setae, especially distally.

Apterous female ( Fig. 6 , Table 3 ). Similar in color and structure to apterous male, but larger and more robust. Light areas of acetabula sometimes more extensive and paler than in males. Fore and hind coxae pale yellow to yellowish brown; mid coxa brown to black; fore and hind trochanters pale yellow to yellowish brown; mid trochanter dark brown with base sometimes lighter; fore femur yellow to yellowish brown from base almost to middle, then dark brown; hind femur entirely dark brown or with a small light brown area on base contrasting with rest of segment. Remainder of legs dark brown to black. Shining black areas on abdominal tergites V–VIII. Connexiva horizontal to slightly elevated. Legs without spines, denticles or spurs. Fore femur and tibia less curved than in male ( Fig. 7 ). Hind femur elongated, thinner than middle femur at base ( Fig. 8 ).

Macropterous female ( Table 4 ). Identical to apterous female, except structure of thorax and wing development, which are like those of macropterous males.

Type material. COSTA RICA: Heredia —Sarapiquí, Sarapiquí River, 200–275 m a.s.l., III.1998, (P. Paaby): 1 apterous male [HOLOTYPE], 3 apterous males, 5 apterous females [PARATYPES] ( DZRJ). Sarapiquí, Tirimbina Road, Sarapiquí River, 03.X.2005, (M. Werner): 3 apterous males [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR). Sarapiquí, Horquetas, Puerto Viejo River, Hydropower Project Cubujuquí, 18.III.2012, (B. Pacheco): 1 apterous male, 3 apterous females [PARATYPES] ( DZRJ). Sarapiquí, InBio Station, Costa Rica River, 05.XI.2002, (A. Y. Jiménez): 1 male with broken wings [PARATYPE] ( DZRJ). Sarapiquí, 17.III.2006, (B. Pacheco): 1 apterous female [PARATYPE] ( MZUCR). Cariblanco, ICE Hydropower Project, 05.VII.2012, (B. Pacheco & F. Reyes): 1 apterous male, 1 male with broken wings, 3 apterous females, 1 female with broken wings [PARATYPES] ( DZRJ). Cariblanco, Cariblanco River, 05.VII.2012, (B. Pacheco & F. Reyes): 1 male with broken wings [PARATYPE] ( MZUCR). Alajuela —San Carlos, Balsa River, Hydropower Project before Tapesco, 04.VIII.2011, (R. Lara): 1 male with broken wings, 1 apterous female [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR). San Carlos, Venecia, Hidalgo Stream, 10o22.515’ N / 84o16.955’, 338 m a.s.l., (B. Pacheco): 1 apterous female [PARATYPE] ( MZUCR). San Carlos, Florencia, Río La Vieja, power house of Hydropower Project Chocosuela II, 04.XII.2011, (M. Springer): 2 apterous males, 1 apterous female [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR). San Carlos, Aguas Zarcas, Negritos River, 10o22.381’ N / 84o19.270’ W, 446 m a.s.l., 23.VIII.2008, (B. Pacheco): 2 apterous males [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR). San Ramón, Balsa River, 400 m a.s.l., 27.IV.2002, (M. Mug): 1 apterous male [PARATYPE] ( DZRJ). San Ramón, San Ramón Reserve, San Lorencito River, 860 m a.s.l., 16.II.1994, (M. Springer): 1 male with broken wings [PARATYPE] ( DZRJ) San Ramón, San Lorenzo River, (B. Pacheco & F. Reyes): 1 apterous male [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR). San Ramón, hydropower station, San Lorenzo, above dam, 300 m a.s.l., 20.V.2011, (D. Vásquez): 4 apterous males, 6 apterous females [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR); above dam, 330 m a.s.l., 20.V.2011, (B. Pacheco): 12 apterous males, 1 macropterous male, 17 apterous females, 1 macropterous female [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR). Cartago —Paraíso, Orosi River, 20.IX.1998, (X. Miranda): 1 apterous female [PARATYPE] ( MZUCR); Orosi River, 1400 m a.s.l., 20.IX.1998, (P. Ortiz): 1 apterous female [PARATYPE] ( DZRJ). Paraíso, Orosi, Quirí River, 1157 m a.s.l., 28.VIII.2005, (G. Vargas): 1 apterous male [PARATYPE] ( MZUCR). Tapantí, Orosi River, 23.X.2005 (M. Werner): 5 apterous males, 9 apterous females [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR). Turrialba, Atirro River, Reventazón Project, 586 m a.s.l., 25.VI.2011, (B. Pacheco & F. Reyes): 1 apterous male, 3 apterous females [PARATYPES] ( DZRJ). Turrialba, Jícotea River, 780 m a.s.l., 15.VII.1991, (M. Springer): 1 apterous female [PARATYPE] ( MZUCR). Limón —Pococí, Guápiles, Blanco River, strong current, 235 m a.s.l., 14.XI.2005, (C. Lizana): 1 apterous male, 2 apterous females [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR); Blanco River, 100 m a.s.l., 17.XI.2005, (E. Boza): 1 apterous male [PARATYPE] ( DZRJ). Pococí, Guápiles, Costa Rica River, under the bridge, 232 m a.s.l, 14.XI.2005, (C. Lizana): 1 apterous male, 1 apterous female [PARATYPE] ( MZUCR). Guápiles, Chirripó River, site 1, above CDP, 07.IV.2011, (B. Pacheco): 5 apterous males, 1 macropterous male, 6 apterous females, 1 macropterous female [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR); Chirripó River, site 2, inside CDP: 7 apterous males, 3 macropterous males, 13 apterous females, 2 macropterous females [PARATYPES] ( MZUCR).

Distribution. So far the species has been collected only on the Caribbean Slope of Costa Rica ( Fig. 28 ). Despite of all collecting efforts made on the Pacific Slope, this species has not been found in the area.

Etymology. Named in honor of Dr. Dan A. Polhemus for his great contributions to the taxonomy of the genus Rhagovelia .

Comments. Rhagovelia danpolhemi sp. nov. belongs to the angustipes complex sensu Polhemus (1997), based on apterous forms having the pronotal midline shorter than the dorsal length of an eye. Because macropterous specimens are available, which is uncommon in the complex, placement of the species in the bisignata group is possible due to the presence of four closed cells on the forewings, including two elongated proximal cells and two short distal cells. The wings of the macropterous specimens we observed are broken off near the middle; however, the cells are visible in all specimens.

The absence of spines on the relatively thin hind femur is a feature common in females of the angustipes complex; however, only five species have unarmed hind femora in both females and males: R. festae Kirkaldy, 1899 , R. imitatrix Bacon, 1948 , R. longipes Gould, 1931 , R. magdalena Padilla-Gil, 2011 , and R. danpolhemi sp. nov. In addition to the main differences among these species ( Table 5 ), the shape of the male parameres also differs between them (see Bacon 1956, Padilla-Gil 2011).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 8. Rhagovelia danpolhemi sp. nov. 1. Apterous male, dorsal view. 2. Male proctiger. 3. Male paramere, lateral view. 4. Detail of male left fore leg, ventral view. 5. Apex of male abdomen and left hind leg, ventral view. 6. Apterous female, dorsal view. 7. Detail of female left fore leg, ventral view. 8. Apex of female abdomen and hind legs, ventral view. Scale bar = 1.00 mm.

FIGURES 28 & 29. Geographical distribution of the collecting localities of Rhagovelia in Costa Rica. 28. Rhagovelia angustipes, R. danpolhemi sp. nov., R. calopa, R. spinosa, R. tenuipes, and R. tantilla. 29. R. springerae sp. nov.

Tables

TABLE 1. Descriptive measurements of apterous males of Rhagovelia danpolhemi sp. nov.

Structure	Specimen 1	Specimen 2	Specimen 3	Specimen 4	Specimen 5
BL	2.36	2.44	2.48	2.52	2.36
HL	0.29	0.30	0.34	0.39	0.31
HW	0.81	0.83	0.84	0.84	0.78
ANT I	0.78	0.82	0.97	0.87	0.86
ANT II	0.46	0.42	0.50	0.53	0.49
ANT III	0.48	0.50	0.59	0.56	0.53
ANT IV	0.48	0.50	0.51	0.53	0.49
EYE	0.27	0.29	0.29	0.23	0.26
PL	0.16	0.16	0.19	0.17	0.20
PW	0.75	0.84	0.81	0.86	0.91
FEM	1.00	1.14	1.00	1.06	1.06
TIB	1.04	1.20	1.12	1.08	1.12
TAR I	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
TAR II	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
TAR III	0.23	0.26	0.23	0.27	0.24
FEM	1.73	1.87	1.83	1.90	1.80
TIB	1.17	1.27	1.27	1.13	1.20
TAR I	0.11	0.07	0.09	0.07	0.07
TAR II	0.64	0.77	0.71	0.71	0.73
TAR III	0.71	0.79	0.79	0.74	0.76
FEM	1.06	1.33	1.30	1.33	1.25
TIB	1.46	1.80	1.75	1.63	1.63
TAR I	0.04	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
TAR II	0.07	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.09
TAR III	0.21	0.27	0.27	0.29	0.27

TABLE 2. Descriptive measurements of macropterous males of Rhagovelia danpolhemi sp. nov.

Structure	Specimen 1	Specimen 2	Specimen 3	Specimen 4	Specimen 5
BL	2.52	2.44	2.48	2.60	2.40
HL	0.30	0.27	0.33	0.31	0.24
HW	0.80	0.81	0.81	0.89	0.84
ANT I	0.91	0.89	0.89	0.91	0.86
ANT II	0.50	0.46	0.49	0.49	0.49
ANT III	0.54	0.54	0.53	0.57	0.51
ANT IV	0.46	0.49	0.50	0.54	0.53
EYE	0.27	0.29	0.29	0.29	0.27
PL	1.29	1.24	1.30	1.31	1.26
PW	1.37	1.40	1.39	1.44	1.30
FEM	1.06	1.02	1.04	1.02	0.98
TIB	1.12	1.10	1.12	1.10	1.04
TAR I	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
TAR II	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03
TAR III	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.27	0.23
FEM	1.90	1.83	1.77	1.87	1.70
TIB	1.13	1.13	1.20	1.17	1.10
TAR I	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.06	0.06
TAR II	0.64	0.63	0.64	0.61	0.61
TAR III	0.67	0.74	0.70	0.70	0.73
FEM	1.25	1.33	1.35	1.33	1.33
TIB	1.68	1.58	1.60	1.60	1.55
TAR I	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
TAR II	0.08	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.10
TAR III	0.26	0.30	0.29	0.29	0.30

TABLE 3. Descriptive measurements of apterous females of Rhagovelia danpolhemi sp. nov.

Structure	Specimen 1	Specimen 2	Specimen 3	Specimen 4	Specimen 5
BL	2.72	2.92	2.92	2.84	2.88
HL	0.29	0.33	0.29	0.37	0.35
HW	0.89	0.90	0.89	0.87	0.87
ANT I	0.86	0.93	0.83	0.91	0.84
ANT II	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.47	0.47
ANT III	0.53	0.59	0.55	0.50	0.50
ANT IV	0.50	0.51	0.52	0.47	0.49
EYE	0.24	0.27	0.27	0.30	0.27
PL	0.16	0.21	0.21	0.21	0.21
PW	0.86	0.90	0.87	0.99	0.91
FEM	0.96	1.04	1.08	0.92	0.94
TIB	0.98	1.06	1.10	0.94	1.00
TAR I	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
TAR II	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
TAR III	0.29	0.27	0.30	0.27	0.27
FEM	1.70	1.97	1.90	1.77	1.73
TIB	1.17	1.30	1.27	1.13	1.20
TAR I	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.09
TAR II	0.70	0.74	0.84	0.64	0.66
TAR III	0.79	0.83	0.86	0.79	0.81
FEM	1.24	1.35	1.35	1.18	1.28
TIB	1.42	1.60	1.63	1.53	1.48
TAR I	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.07	0.07
TAR II	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.11
TAR III	0.30	0.33	0.33	0.31	0.29

TABLE 4. Descriptive measurements of the macropterous female of Rhagovelia danpolhemi sp. nov.

Structure	Specimen	1
BL	3.04
HL	0.34
HW	0.87
ANT I	0.86
ANT II	0.44
ANT III	0.47
ANT IV	0.46
EYE	0.27
PL	1.41
PW	1.53
FEM	1.02
TIB	1.04
TAR I	0.04
TAR II	0.04
TAR III	0.29
FEM	1.70
TIB	1.17
TAR I	0.07
TAR II	0.63
TAR III	0.69
FEM	1.28
TIB	1.50
TAR I	0.06
TAR II	0.11
TAR III	0.31