Synegiodes expansus Cui, Jiang & Stüning, 2018

Cui, Le, Jiang, Nan, Stüning, Dieter & Han, Hongxiang, 2018, A review of Synegiodes Swinhoe, 1892 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4387 (2), pp. 259-274 : 266-267

Synegiodes expansus Cui, Jiang & Stüning sp. nov.

Figs 9–10 , 21 , 31, 40

Description. Forewing length: 12–14 mm in male; 14–15 mm in female. Head. Frons mostly white, sometimes brown or deep brown basally; vertex pure white. Thorax. Patagia pale yellowish brown, tegulae brownish at base and pale brown in other areas; dorsum yellowish brown; same coloration found in the abdomen. Wing pattern. Wings pale yellowish brown, suffused with brown spots; transverse bands brown. Costa of forewing slightly curved, apex of forewing acute; termen faintly projecting on vein M3 and even more strongly so on hindwing, with a shallow incision between M1 and M3; tornus and apex of hindwing rounded; antemedial line indistinct, indicated by three black vein-spots; medial line oblique and rather broad, expending near costa, often with an external tooth on origin of M3 from cell; postmedial line slightly curved outwards, consisting of black vein-spots, accompanied distally by a broad, dark brown band which can be expended to outer margin, the posterior part reaching tornus, but leaving smaller or larger patches of the yellowish-brown ground color included. Sometimes small, rather vague black spots are present between veins M2 and M3 and CuA2 and A, close to the postmedial line; discal spot on forewing very small, white, ringed black. Medial line on hindwing almost straight, homogenous in thickness; postmedial line as in forewing, but more strongly curved, rarely expanded to outer margin, more often leaving a band of the yellowish-brown ground-color along margin, the latter incurved between and dentate on vein-ends.

Discal spot on hindwing white centred and black on outer edge, more often inside the medial line than near its distal edge. Fringe yellowish brown on both wings, black on vein ends. Underside. Ground color lighter (rather yellowish-white), with less suffusion than on upperside, transverse lines distinct. Male genitalia ( Figs 21 , 31). Uncus long and stick-like. “Socii” developed, apically extended, forming a plate. Gnathos not developed. Valva broad at base, terminal part gradually becoming narrower, with rounded, setose apex; costa straight at basal half; sacculus small, with a pointed distal process. Juxta long, constricted in the middle and expanded sheet-like posteriorly. Anellus sclerotized, with posterior part broadened. Aedeagus large, vesica inflated basally, with two diverticula, the elongate cornutus situated more distally. Female genitalia ( Fig. 40 ). Papillae anales distally rounded. Apophyses anteriores short and stout, about one-third of the narrow apophyses posteriores in length. Lamella postvaginalis consisting of two sclerotized, longitudinal, terminally curved ridges, with a pair of small, round processes distally. Lamella antevaginalis formed as a U-shaped, laterally sclerotized ostial funnel. Colliculum well developed. Corpus bursae and ductus bursae proximally and distally almost of the same width, not separable, diverticulum short; signum with a longitudinal sclerite inside a slightly sclerotized plate, a pouch present distally.

Diagnosis. S. expansus is close to S. diffusifascia and S. obliquifascia externally, especially the transverse lines are similar, however, the number of the areoles is one in S. expansus and S. diffusifascia , but two in S. obliquifascia . The postmedial band on the hindwing is much wider than in S. obliquifascia , but all transverse lines are more strongly inclined in the latter. In the male genitalia the apical parts of the “socii” are flattened and extended plate-like, and the anellus is broadened in S. expansus , while in S. obliquifascia , the “socii” are almost in even width, just slightly bulbous and spinulose apically, and the anellus bears a posterior process. In the female genitalia, the signa in S. expansus and in S. obliquifascia are typical for the genus (in fig. 41 viewed laterally), the longitudinal sclerite in S. expansus is a little shorter. The lamellae ante- and postvaginales are distinctly different (compare figs 40, 41).

Type material. Holotype, 6, CHINA: Guangdong ( IZCAS): Shixing, Chebaling, 330 m, 1–2.VIII.2013, coll. Pan Xiaodan (slide No. 3465). Paratypes . CHINA: Guangdong ( ZFMK): 7 6 3♀, Lienping, S . China , coll. Wehrli, gen . slide No. 2320-DS; 2 6, "Lingping, Südchina, v. 22, coll. H. Höne ", gen. slide No. 2319-DS; 1 6, Canton, China; 1 6 , China mer. occ., Kwangtung sept., Lienping. Jiangxi ( IZCAS): 3 6, Jiulian Shan , 30.VII.1975, coll. Song Shimei (slide No. 3936) . Guangdong ( IZCAS): 1♀, Shixing, Chebaling, 330 m, 1–2.VIII.2013, coll. Xue Dayong (slide No. 3466) . Hainan ( IZCAS): 1♀, Baisha, Nankai, Nanmaola, 1261 m, 12–14.V.1991, coll. Chen Fuqiang (slide No. 3935) . Guangxi ( IZCAS): 4 6, Jinxiu, Luoxiang, 200 m, 14–15.V.1999, coll. Han Hongxiang (slide No. 3934); 1 6, Shangsi, Hongqi Linchang, 300 m, 29.V.1999, coll. Li Wenzhu ; 2 6, Napo, Defu, 1350 m, 18–19.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian & Li Wenzhu (slide Nos 3932 & 3933); 1 6, Napo, Nonghua, 1000 m, 14.IV.1998, coll. Wu Chunsheng ; 2 6, Longzhou, Nonggang, 330 m, 15.VI.2000, coll. Yao Jian; 1 6, Longzhou, Sanlian, 350 m, 14.VI.2000, coll. Li Wenzhu. Vietnam ( ZFMK): 1 6, N . Vietnam, Tam Dao , 60 km NW Hanoi, 950 m, 1– 5.IV.1995, leg. V. Sinjaev & E. Afonin, slide No. 2321-DS.

Distribution. China (Jiangxi, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi), Vietnam.

Etymology. The species is named on the basis of the Latin word expansus , which stands for the expanded apex of the “socii” in the male genitalia.

Figures

FIGURES 1–15. Adults. 1–2. S. sanguinaria; 1. Ƌ, China, Yunnan, 2. Ƌ, India, Arunachal Pradesh (ZFMK); 3. S. punicearia (holotype, IZCAS), Ƌ, China, Sichuan; 4–5. S. histrionaria; 4. Ƌ, China, Tibet, 5. Ƌ, N. India, Khasi Hills (paratype, ZFMK); 6–7. S. ornata (ZFMK); 6. Ƌ, China, Taiwan (dark form), 7. Ƌ, China, Taiwan (light form); 8. S. diffusifascia, Ƌ, N. India, Khasi Hills (paratype, ZFMK); 9–10. S. expansus 9. Ƌ, China, Guangdong (holotype, IZCAS); 10. ♀, (paratype, ZFMK), S. China, Guangdong; 11. S. obliquifascia, Ƌ, China, Tibet; 12. S.hyriaria, Ƌ, China, Tibet; 13. S. elasmlatus(holotype, IZCAS), Ƌ, China, Yunnan; 14–15. “S”. brunnearia, 14. Ƌ, China, Yunnan, 15. Ƌ, China, Sichuan.Scale bar = 10mm.

FIGURES 16–23. Male genitalia. 16. S. sanguinaria, China, Yunnan; 17. S. punicearia (holotype, IZCAS), China, Sichuan; 18.S. histrionaria, China, Tibet; 19. S. ornata, China, Taiwan; 20. S.diffusifascia (paratype, ZFMK), N.India,Khasi Hills; 21. S. expansus (holotype, IZCAS), China, Guangdong; 22. S. obliquifascia, China, Tibet; 23. S. hyriaria, China, Tibet.Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES36–44.Female genitalia.36.S.sanguinaria, China, Tibet;37.S.punicearia (paratype,IZCAS), China,Sichuan; 38. S. histrionaria, China, Yunnan; 39. S. ornata, China, Taiwan; 40. S. expansus (paratype, IZCAS), China, Guangdong; 41. S. obliquifascia, China, Tibet; 42. S. hyriaria, China, Tibet; 43. S. elasmlatus (paratype, IZCAS), China, Yunnan; 44. “S”. brunnearia, China, Sichuan. Scale bars = 1 mm.