Synegiodes elasmlatus Cui, Jiang & Han, 2018

Cui, Le, Jiang, Nan, Stüning, Dieter & Han, Hongxiang, 2018, A review of Synegiodes Swinhoe, 1892 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), with description of two new species, Zootaxa 4387 (2), pp. 259-274 : 269-270

Synegiodes elasmlatus Cui, Jiang & Han sp. nov.

Figs 13 , 24 , 34, 43

Description. Forewing length: 14–16 mm in both sexes. Head. Antennae white and gradually getting dark in terminal part, bipectinate with terminal 1/4 filiform, long brownish black rami arising from the base of the segment, with two rows of sensilla ventrally; antennae filiform in female. Frons yellowish brown and gradually getting darker dorsally, with steep lateral sides. Labial palpi yellowish brown, short and stout, usually slightly extending beyond frons. Vertex pure white. Thorax. Patagia yellowish brown, tegulae brownish at base and paler on other areas; dorsum and abdomen yellowish brown. Hind tibia with two pairs of spurs in both sexes; not dilated and without hair-pencil in male. Wing pattern. Wings yellowish brown, densely suffused with brown spots; marginal areas weakly irrorated with black, especially on costal area in forewing. Costa of forewing nearly straight; apex moderately pointed in forewing and rounded in hindwing; outer margin of forewing slightly protruding at vein M3, more apparent and pointed in hindwing; slightly rounded at tornus in forewing. Antemedial line indistinct, indicated by black spots on veins; medial and postmedial lines dark brown and slightly curved on forewing, sometimes indistinct; black spots present on veins at inner side of postmedial line; a black patch present between veins M1 and M3, a smaller and paler patch present in the same place on hindwing, sometimes with white scales around the patch. Discal spot of forewing small, white in centre and black on edge. Medial line of hindwing wider and clearer than on forewing; postmedial line indistinct, a chain of black spots present inside of postmedial line. Color of discal spot the same as on forewing, inserted into medial line and formed as a black ring around the center. Fringe yellowish brown on both wings and dark brown on vein ends. Underside. Ground color lighter and transverse lines distinct. Male genitalia. ( Figs 24 , 34). Uncus stick-like, slightly tapering. “Socii” developed, widesheeted with rounded apex. Gnathos absent. Valva narrow and rounded apically, terminal half rather broad on right valva, narrower on left valva, costa almost straight; ventral margin of basal half of valva concave at middle, sacculus densely setose, ending with a small pointed spur. Vinculum flattened at bottom. Juxta elongate and platelike. Anellus sclerotized and ring-like. Aedeagus small; cornuti appearing as a small, rounded process and two sclerotized patches or bands. Female genitalia ( Fig. 43 ). Papillae anales pointed. Apophyses anteriores about onehalf of apophyses posteriores in length. Lamella postvaginalis rudimentary, lamella antevaginalis a narrow, sclerotized, semicircular (but somewhat angled near colliculum) ring-like structure. Colliculum well developed. Ductus bursae distinctly narrower than corpus bursae, diverticulum short. Corpus bursae elongate, drop-shaped, signum (in figs 42 & 43 shown in lateral view) long, shape not typical for the genus: elongate sclerite present, but concave, the sclerotized plate formed like a v-shaped groove, apical pouch absent.

Diagnosis. S. elasmlatus shares some external characters with S. hyriaria , such as, deep yellowish brown wing color, brown transverse lines, black patches and two areoles on forewing. Compared to S. hyriaria , the transverse lines on the forewing are less developed, and the discal spot is smaller. In the male genitalia, the most distinctive difference between the two species is the shape of the “socii”: wide-sheeted and approximately rectangular in S. elasmlatus , but narrow and long (digitate) in S. hyriaria . In addition, the uncus of S. elasmlatus is shorter than in S. hyriaria ; the anellus in S. elasmlatus is strongly sclerotized, but weak in S. hyriaria . The female genitalia are similar; both species share the general structure of the lamella antevaginalis, ductus and corpus bursae and the deviant shape of the signum. However, the lamella antevaginalis is wider and more evenly curved in S. hyriaria , ductus and corpus bursae are wider, the diverticulum larger. Apophyses anteriores and Apophyses posteriores as well as signum are more delicate in S. elasmlatus .

Type material. Holotype, 6, CHINA: Yunnan ( IZCAS): Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 5–7.VIII.2007, coll. Wu Chunguang. Paratypes . Yunnan ( IZCAS): 12 6 2 ♀, Pingbian, Dawei Shan, 1500 m, 18–21.VI.1956, coll. Huang Keren; 1 6 1♀, Lushui, Yaojiaping, 2500 m, 21.VI.1981, coll. Zhang Xuezhong (slide No. 4185) ; 18 6 3 ♀, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 2020 m, 24–26.V.1992, 5–7.VIII.2007, coll. Xue Dayong (slide Nos 3310, 3311 & 3312); 4 6 1♀, Tengchong, Heinitang, 1930 m, 28–30.V.1992, coll. Xue Dayong ; 1♀, Tengchong, Danzha Linchang, 2500 m, 2–4.VI.1992, coll. Xue Dayong; 1♀, Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Makucun, 1228 m, 24.IV.2015, coll. Lin Meiying; 1 6, Yunlong, Tianchi, 2540 m, 17.VIII.1982; 1 6, Wulipo Linchang , 2100 m, 2.VIII.1980; 1 6 1♀, Jinping, Fenshuiling nature reserve, 24.VII.2016, coll. Ban Xiaoshuang & Xiang Lanbin.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Etymology. The species is named on the basis of the Latin words “ elasm- ” and “ latus ”, which refer to the wide, sheet-like “socii” in the male genitalia.

Figures

FIGURES 1–15. Adults. 1–2. S. sanguinaria; 1. Ƌ, China, Yunnan, 2. Ƌ, India, Arunachal Pradesh (ZFMK); 3. S. punicearia (holotype, IZCAS), Ƌ, China, Sichuan; 4–5. S. histrionaria; 4. Ƌ, China, Tibet, 5. Ƌ, N. India, Khasi Hills (paratype, ZFMK); 6–7. S. ornata (ZFMK); 6. Ƌ, China, Taiwan (dark form), 7. Ƌ, China, Taiwan (light form); 8. S. diffusifascia, Ƌ, N. India, Khasi Hills (paratype, ZFMK); 9–10. S. expansus 9. Ƌ, China, Guangdong (holotype, IZCAS); 10. ♀, (paratype, ZFMK), S. China, Guangdong; 11. S. obliquifascia, Ƌ, China, Tibet; 12. S.hyriaria, Ƌ, China, Tibet; 13. S. elasmlatus(holotype, IZCAS), Ƌ, China, Yunnan; 14–15. “S”. brunnearia, 14. Ƌ, China, Yunnan, 15. Ƌ, China, Sichuan.Scale bar = 10mm.

FIGURES24–25. Male genitalia. 24.S. elasmlatus(paratype, IZCAS), China, Yunnan; 25 S. brunnearia, China, Sichuan.26– 35. Aedeagi. 26. S. sanguinaria, China, Yunnan; 27. S. punicearia (holotype, IZCAS), China, Sichuan; 28. S. histrionaria, China, Tibet; 29. S. ornata, China, Taiwan; 30. S. diffusifascia (paratype, ZFMK), N. India, Khasi Hills; 31. S. expansus (holotype, IZCAS), China, Guangdong; 32. S. obliquifascia, China, Tibet; 33. S. hyriaria, China, Tibet; 34. S. elasmlatus (paratype, IZCAS), China, Yunnan; 35. “S”. brunnearia, China, Sichuan. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURES36–44.Female genitalia.36.S.sanguinaria, China, Tibet;37.S.punicearia (paratype,IZCAS), China,Sichuan; 38. S. histrionaria, China, Yunnan; 39. S. ornata, China, Taiwan; 40. S. expansus (paratype, IZCAS), China, Guangdong; 41. S. obliquifascia, China, Tibet; 42. S. hyriaria, China, Tibet; 43. S. elasmlatus (paratype, IZCAS), China, Yunnan; 44. “S”. brunnearia, China, Sichuan. Scale bars = 1 mm.