Zatypota maculata Matsumoto & Takasuka

Matsumoto, Rikio & Takasuka, Keizo, 2010, A revision of the genus Zatypota Förster of Japan, with descriptions of nine new species and notes on their hosts (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae), Zootaxa 2522, pp. 1-43 : 28-32

Zatypota maculata Matsumoto & Takasuka , sp. nov.

Female. Head ( Figs 8 , 21 ). Flagellum with 24–28 segments; frons polished, impunctate and polished; face and clypeus covered with pubescence, the former weakly separated from the latter by a very shallow supraclypeal suture, slightly convex in lateral view; face between antennal socket and supraclypeal suture 1.1 x its minimum width between eyes, finely and sparsely punctate; clypeus 1.8 x its length, with apical margin rounded and weakly truncate medially; eye bare, its inner margin almost straight, weakly concave a little above antennal socket; ocelli of moderate size, the distance between eye and lateral ocellus equal to the maximum diameter of the latter; mandible with upper tooth distinctly longer than the lower, strongly tapered, about half as wide as the basal width at the middle, outer face of mandible covered with rather long pubescence; palpi formula 4: 3; malar space 0.5–0.6 x basal width of mandible, granulate between the lower end of eye and upper end of mandible base; hypostomal carina distinctly lamellate between the lower articulation of mandible and junction of occipital and hypostomal carinae; vertex with inter-ocellar area weakly raised; outline of gena almost straight in dorsal view; occipital carina complete.

Mesosoma . Pronotum ( Figs 33 , 45 ) with anterior margin weakly reflexed, with anterior horizontal and posterior vertical parts, the latter weakly slant forward in lateral view, without a median bridge between anterior and posterior margin, lateral face polished with distinct epomia; mesoscutum in front of scutoscutellar groove 1.1 x as long as wide in dorsal view, bare and polished all over, with notauli almost straight and convergent to the middle of mesoscutum, moderately project forward in lateral view; mesopleuron ( Fig. 57 ) with a distinct epicnemial carina, its upper end surpassing the level of lower corner of pronotum and rather far from posterior margin of pronotum, polished with dense pubescence ventrally, with a short but distinct groove below speculum, mesopleural suture not foveolate; scutellum convex; propodeum ( Figs 67 , 81 ) covered with rather dense pubescence, very weakly granulate all over; areas basalis and superomedia, and areas posterialis and postero-externa fused respectively, carinae delimiting these combined areas distinct; pleural carina complete; propodeal spiracle touching or almost touching pleural carina; metapleuron ( Fig. 81 ) moderately punctate and striate; submetapleural carina complete, anterior end of the carina weakly expanded into a small round lobe to which a few irregular striae stretch.

Wings. Fore wing ( Fig. 93 ) with vein Rs+M basad of cu-a by 3 x the width of the vein, 2rs-m about one fifth as long as M between 2rs-m and 2m-cu; vein cu-a moderately inclined. Distal abscissa of Cu of hind wing ( Fig. 105 ) absent; vein Cu and cu-a slightly inclivous or perpendicular to vein 1A.

Legs. Legs relatively stout; fore femur 4.0 x as long as maximum width; hind femur 4.5–5.0 x as long as maximum width: hind tibia 7.7–8.0 x as long as apical width; first tarsal segment of hind leg as long as second and third segments combined; fifth segment as long as the third.

Metasoma ( Fig. 117 ). T1 finely coriaceous, with pair of posterolateral oblique impressions; with dorsomedian longitudinal carinae extending to 0.6 of its length; carinae convergent posteriorly in dorsal view but rather separated at posterior end; dorsolateral longitudinal carina usually distinct, reaching to the posterior margin, or sometimes indistinct posteriorly, with spiracle situated on it; T2 with distinct and very sharply impressed anterolateral and posterolateral oblique grooves, delimiting a central evenly convex coriaceous rhombic area; T3–4 similar to T2, with anterior oblique groove more transverse, making the central areas triangular; T5 with weak posterolateral oblique groove; T1 1.3 x as long as apical width; T2 as long as T1 and 0.9–1.0 x as long as apical width. Ovipositor straight, rather short projecting beyond apex of metasoma by 0.3 x length of hind tibia; upper valve thickened medially, rather strongly tapered to a very sharp point; lower valve without distinct basal swelling ventrally, weakly thinned around basal 0.4.

Coloration. Head mostly black with following parts yellowish white: pedicel and scape below, lower half of clypeus, mandible except tip, palpi and lower margin of gena, inner orbit; frontal orbital whitish stripe extended backwards with its upper end far behind lateral ocellus; flagellum light brown. Mesosoma reddish brown; propleuron and pronotum anteriorly dark brown; postero-dorsal corner of pronotum, tegula and subalar prominence yellowish white; mesopleuron darkened ventrally; mesepimeron, scutellum, postscutellum, marks at upper end of epicnemial carina and near the base of hind coxa yellowish white; axilla and propodeum dark brown; metapleuron darkened along submetapleural carina. Legs fulvous; coxa, trochanter and trochantellus of fore and mid leg paler; hind leg with trochanter, trochantellus, tip of femur and basal 0.6–0.7 of tibia paler, hind tibia with indistinct sub-basal band and apical dark brown; the latter occupy apical 0.3 of tibia; Wings hyaline, pterostigma brown. Metasomal tergites dark brown; T1–5 reddish brown behind posterior transverse groove; extreme margin of T2–4 narrowly blackish; Ovipositor brown, sheath black.

Length. Fore wing 3.5–5.7 mm.

Male. Similar to female but slightly smaller; flagellum 24–26 segmented.

Length. Fore wing 4.5–5.5 mm.

Cocoon ( Fig. 135 ). White to light brown, rather densely spun in a curled dead leaf that is suspended as a shelter by the host spider at the centre of three-dimensional spatial web, with one lateral side cling to the inner surface of the leaf, covered with whorls of looser silk, with a distinct caudal hole. An irregular emergence hole is made laterally near the anterior end of the cocoon when an adult emerges. The cocoons spun by reared larvae under an indoor condition are almost always white. In contrast, the cocoons found in the field are brownish.

FIGURES 142–143. Wintering females of Z. maculata . Photos taken at Yatacho, Yamato-Kouriyama, Nara Prefecture, on 28th February (142) and 26th February (143) in 2007.

Variation. Body color rather stable, black areas of mesosoma and metasoma sometimes reduced and become much paler in some specimens.

Host. Parasteatoda japonica (Böesenberg & Strand) (Theridiidae) .

Biological notes. This species is reared only from P. japonica . The larva ( Fig. 134 ) is located on dorsolateral to lateral surface of host abdomen between base and middle. Although the host spider is common and widely distributed throughout Japan, Z. maculata seems restricted to lowland of western Japan. This species is found not only in forest but also in grove of urban area such as Utsubo Park and Nagai Park in Osaka city. The percent parasitism was often high, for examples, 63.6% (7 of 11) of the host spider were attacked at type locality, 55.0% (11 of 20) at Arimafuji in Hyogo, 30% (15 of 50) at Utsubo in Osaka and 33.3% (9 of 27) at Shiroyama in Ehime.

The details of life cycle of this species are still unclear. Although the host spider was abundant and sufficiently grown up to raise the parasitoid in the summer, no attacked host spiders bearing the egg or larva of this species were found until end of August. There seems to be the second generation during the fall. Winter is passed in the stage of adult (Figs 142, 143). The wintering adults were resting under the leaf of broad-leaved evergreen tree, such as Castanopsis cuspidata , Ilex pedunculosa and Camellia japonica with their antenna stretched forwards and wings held on the abdomen. Sometimes multiple individuals are observed under the leaves of a single tree. All wintering specimens observed were female exclusively (n=48) and all of six dissected wasps with ovarian egg quite premature. It is not clear whether the females survive until the autumn after wintering or they switch the host to another spider in the first half of the year and their descendants appear in autumn.

Comments. A small ichneumonid, dark brown to black in color, with many parts yellow to reddish brown. This species resembles Nearctic Z. crassipes Townes & Townes and Costa Rican Z. solanoi Gauld and Australian Z. celer Gauld in having the upper end of the frontal orbital whitish stripe extended back beyond the ocelli and having lower half of face more or less darkened. It can be distinguished from Z. crassipes and Z. solanoi by having yellowish white marks on median rhombic area of T2–5 (abdominal tergite black or blackish brown, without marks in Z. crassipes and Z. solanoi ), and from Z.celer by short malar space (about 0.6 x basal width of mandible in Z. maculata and 1.1 x in Z. celer ). Apparently it resembles Japanese Z. elegans in having the upper end of the frontal orbital whitish stripe extended back beyond the ocelli, but can be easily distinguished from it by having lower half of face more or less darkened, finely coriaceous T1 and by small projection at anterior end of submetapleural carina.

Etymology. The specific name refers to extensively maculated body of the wasp.

Distribution records. Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu.

Specimens examined. Type series (All reared specimens were from P. japonica ). Holotype Ψ, 29.VIII.2005 (larva on host, cocooned 31.VIII., emer. 8.IX.), Satsukiyama (34°50’03”N, 135°25’50”E, (WGS 84), 250m a.s.l.), Ikeda, Osaka Pref., Japan, (R. Matsumoto), [OMNH, TI-392]. Paratypes: [Honshu] 2ΨΨ, 23.IX.2007, (larva on host, cocooned 26–27.IX., emer. X.), Arashiyama, Kyoto, Kyoto Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ2ΨΨ, 23.IX.2007 (cocoon, emer. 30.IX.–1.X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 12.IX.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 13.IX., emer. 22.IX.), Higashiikoma, Ikoma, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 1.X.2007 (cocoon, emer. 2.X.), Higashinabata, Ikoma, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 3ΨΨ, 7.II.2007 (wintering), Yata-cho, Yamato-Kouriyama, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 13.II.2007 (wintering), same locality, (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 12.III.2007 (wintering), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 31.VIII.2007 (cocoon, emer. 6.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 21.XII.2008 (wintering), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 23.XII.2008 (wintering), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 6.X.2008 (cocoon, emer. 16.X.), same locality, (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 10.X.2008 (cocoon, emer. 18–19.X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 12.X.2006 (cocoon, emer. X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 30.I.2009 (wintering), same locality, (R.M.); 2ɗɗ1Ψ, 29.IX.2009 (cocoon, emer. 5.X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 7.XI.2009 (wintering), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 30.XI.2009 (wintering), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 20.IX.2008 (cocoon, emer. 27.IX.), Ichibu-cho, Ikoma, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 19.X.2009 (cocoon, emer. 1.XI.), same locality, (R.M.); 3ΨΨ, 28.II.2007 (wintering), Tawaraguchi-cho, Ikoma, Nara Pref., (R.M.) (1Ψ BMNH); 1ɗ, 20.IX.2007 (cocoon, emer. 26.IX.), Ikomajinja, Ikoma, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 7.IX.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 8.IX., emer. 17.IX.), Teraguchi, Katsuragi, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 5ΨΨ, 4.X.2009 (cocoon, emer. X.), Miminashiyama, Kashihara, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 17.IX.2009 (larva on host, cocooned 19.IX., emer. 28.IX.), Amakashi-no-oka, Kashihara, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 4.X.2009 (cocoon, emer. 7.X.), Yainai, Sakurai, Nara Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ4ΨΨ, 13.X.2006 (cocoon, emer. 15–19.X.), Higashitoyoura-cho, Higashiosaka, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ, 24.IX.2009 (cocoon, emer. 27.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 3.X.2006 (cocoon, emer. 6.X.), Kodaijisan, Toyono, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 8.X.2006 (cocoon, emer. X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 23.IX.2003 (cocoon, emer. 28.IX.), Saigahara, Minoo, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 8.IX.2004 (larva on host, emer. 22.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 29.VIII.2005 (cocoon, emer. 1.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 14.X.2006 (cocoon, emer. X.), same locality, (R.M.); 3ɗɗ1Ψ, 8.IX.2007 (cocoon, emer. 8– 12.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 8.IX.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 11.IX., emer. 25.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 30.IX.2007 (cocoon, emer. X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 29.VIII.2005 (larva on host, cocooned 6.IX., emer. IX.), same locality as holotype, (R.M.); 1ɗ2ΨΨ, 7.IX.2006 (cocoon, emer. IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 7.IX.2006 (larva on host, emer. IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 7.IX.2006, same locality, (R.M.); 2ΨΨ, 2.X.2006 (cocoon, emer. 5– 6.X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 8.X.2006 (cocoon, emer. 16.X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 21.IX.2008 (cocoon, emer. 23.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 2ɗɗ3ΨΨ, 2.X.2008 (cocoon, emer. 9– 12.X.), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 29.XII.2008 (wintering), same locality, (R.M.); 1Ψ, 18.IX.2009 (cocoon, emer. 26.IX.), Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 2ɗɗ3ΨΨ, 18.IX.2009 (cocoon, emer. 28.IX.), Hattori-ryokuchi Park, Suita, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 4.IX.2005 (larva on host, cocooned 6. IX., emer. 13.IX.), Utsubo Park, Osaka, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 4.IX.2005 (cocoon, emer. 8.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 2ɗɗ3ΨΨ, 27.IX.2006 (cocoon on host web, emer. X.), same locality, (R.M.) (1ɗ BMNH); 1Ψ, 6.IX.2009 (cocoon, emer. 14.IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 19.IX.2005 (cocoon, emer. IX.), Nagai, Osaka, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 2ɗɗ1Ψ, 22.IX.2008 (cocoon, emer. 25–26.IX.), Izumikatsuragisan, Kaizuka, Osaka Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 15.IX.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 17.IX., emer. 25.IX.), Rokkodai, Kobe, Hyogo Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 23.IX.2008, Rokko-Yahata-jinja, Kobe, Hyogo Pref., (Y.Murakami.); 3ΨΨ, 25.IX.2007 (cocoon, emer. 29.IX.–1.X.), Mizune, Sayo, Hyogo Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 25.IX.2007 (larva on host, cocooned 28.IX.), Sakuto, Okayama Pref., (R.M.). [Shikoku] 6ΨΨ, 4.I.2009 (wintering), Kusukubo, Imabari, Ehime Pref., (R.M.) (1Ψ ELEU); 1ɗ, 7.IX.2005 (larva on host, emer. IX), Yokotani, Matsuyama, Ehime Pref., (R.M.); 1Ψ, 19.IX.2006, Dogo Park, Matsuyama, Ehime Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ, 19.IX.2006 (cocoon on host web, emer. IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 3ɗɗ, 7.IX.2005 (cocoon, emer. 14–15.IX.), Shiroyama, Matsuyama, Ehime Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ, 7.IX.2005 (larva on host, cocooned 8.IX., emer. 15.IX.), same locality, (R.M.) (ELEU); 2ɗɗ, 20.IX.2006 (cocoon on host web, emer. IX.), same locality, (R.M.); 1ɗ, 20.IX.2006 (larva on host, emer. 30.IX.), same locality, (R.M.). [Kyushu] 1Ψ, 28.IX.2003 (cocoon, emer. 7.X.), Kiuragi, Kobayashi, Miyazaki Pref., (R.M.); 1ɗ1Ψ, 29.IX.2003 (cocoon, emer. X.), Hamanose, Kobayashi, Miyazaki Pref., (R.M.).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 13. Scanning electon micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in anterior view (1 – 12) and lateral aspect (13). 1, Z. albicoxa; 2, Z. baragi (paratype); 3, Z. brachycera (paratype); 4, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 5, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 6, Z. elegans (paratype); 7, Z. grachilipes; 8, Z. maculata (paratype); 9, Z. percontatoria; 10, Z. sulcata (paratype); 11, Z. takayu (paratype); 12, Z. yambar (paratype); 13, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 14 – 25. Scanning electron micrography of head of Zatypota spp. (female) in posterior view. 14, Z. albicoxa; 15, Z. baragi (paratype); 16, Z. brachycera (paratype); 17, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 18, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 19, Z. elegans (paratype); 20, Z. grachilipes; 21, Z. maculata (paratype); 22, Z. percontatoria; 23, Z. sulcata (paratype); 24, Z. takayu (paratype); 25, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 26 – 37. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum and anterior part of mesoscutum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal aspect. 26, Z. albicoxa; 27, Z. baragi (paratype); 28, Z. brachycera (paratype); 29, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 30, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 31, Z. elegans (paratype); 32, Z. grachilipes; 33, Z. maculata (paratype); 34, Z. percontatoria; 35, Z. sulcata (paratype); 36, Z. takayu (paratype); 37, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 38 – 49. Scanning electron micrography of pronotum of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 38, Z. albicoxa; 39, Z. baragi (paratype); 40, Z. brachycera (paratype); 41, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 42, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 43, Z. elegans (paratype); 44, Z. grachilipes; 45, Z. maculata (paratype); 46, Z. percontatoria; 47, Z. sulcata (paratype); 48, Z. takayu (paratype); 49, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 50 – 61. Scanning electron micrography of mesopleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 50, Z. albicoxa; 51, Z. baragi (paratype); 52, Z. brachycera (paratype); 53, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 54, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 55, Z. elegans (paratype); 56, Z. grachilipes; 57, Z. maculata (paratype); 58, Z. percontatoria; 59, Z. sulcata (paratype); 60, Z. takayu (paratype); 61, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 62 – 73. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum of Zatypota spp (female) in dorsal view. 62, Z. albicoxa; 63, Z. baragi (paratype); 64, Z. brachycera (paratype); 65, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 66, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 67, Z. elegans (paratype); 68, Z. grachilipes; 69, Z. maculata (paratype); 70, Z. percontatoria; 71, Z. sulcata (paratype); 72, Z. takayu (paratype); 73, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 74 – 85. Scanning electron micrography of propodeum and metapleuron of Zatypota spp (female) in lateral view. 74, Z. albicoxa; 75, Z. baragi (paratype); 76, Z. brachycera (paratype); 77, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 78, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 79, Z. elegans (paratype); 80, Z. grachilipes; 81, Z. maculata (paratype); 82, Z. percontatoria; 83, Z. sulcata (paratype); 84, Z. takayu (paratype); 85, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 86 – 97. Fore wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 86, Z. albicoxa; 87, Z. baragi (paratype); 88, Z. brachycera (paratype); 89, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 90, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 91, Z. elegans (paratype); 92, Z. grachilipes; 93, Z. maculata (paratype); 94, Z. percontatoria; 95, Z. sulcata (paratype); 96, Z. takayu (paratype); 97, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 98 – 109. Hind wings of of Zatypota spp (female). 98, Z. albicoxa; 99, Z. baragi (paratype); 100, Z. brachycera (paratype); 101, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 102, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 103, Z. elegans (paratype); 104, Z. grachilipes; 105, Z. maculata (paratype); 106, Z. percontatoria; 107, Z. sulcata (paratype); 108, Z. takayu (paratype); 109, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 110 – 121. Scanning electron micrography of first and second metasomal tergite of Zatypota spp (female). 110, Z. albicoxa; 111, Z. baragi (paratype); 112, Z. brachycera (paratype); 113, Z. chryssophaga (paratype); 114, Z. dendrobia (paratype); 115, Z. elegans (paratype); 116, Z. grachilipes; 117, Z. maculata (paratype); 118, Z. percontatoria; 119, Z. sulcata (paratype); 120, Z. takayu (paratype); 121, Z. yambar (paratype). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 122 – 141. Host spider, larva and cocoon of Zatypota spp. 122 – 123, Z. albicoxa; 124 – 125, Z. baragi; 126 – 127, Z. brachycera; 128 – 129, Z. chryssophaga; 130 – 131, Z. dendrobia; 132 – 133, Z. elegans; 134 – 135, Z. maculata; 136 – 137, Z. percontatoria; 138 – 139, Z. sulcata; 140 – 141, Z. takayu.