Nesonotus caeruloglobus Hugel, 2013

Hugel, Sylvain & Desutter-Grandcolas, Laure, 2013, New Pseudophyllinae from the Lesser Antilles (Orthoptera: Ensifera: Tettigoniidae), Zootaxa 3741 (2), pp. 279-288 : 284-285

Nesonotus caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp.

( Figs. 16–30 ; tab. 2)

Holotype. Male. [Caribbean, Lesser Antilles] Dominique [ Dominica], Springfield ATREC, Bee House Track, 15°20’53’’N, 61°22’07’’O, 394 m alt., 28.VII.2008, vue de nuit [sight by night], enregistré, Hugel S. leg., Dominique2008 070, MNHN (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3220). Female. [Caribbean, Lesser Antilles] Dominique [ Dominica], Springfield ATREC, 15°20’47’’N, 61°22’07’’O, 355 m alt., 26.VII.2008, ab larva, vue de nuit [sight by night], Hugel S. leg, Dominique 2008 113 , Allotype. MNHN (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3221) . Paratypes. Same as holotype, Springfield ATREC, river, 15°20’44’’N, 61°22’10’’O, 335 m alt., 26.VII.2008, vue de nuit [sight by night], Hugel leg, 1♂, Dominique 2008 083, DIC; same as allotype, 26.VII.2008, ab larva, vue de nuit [sight by night], Hugel S. leg, coll. SH, 2♂, Dominique 2008 111, Dominique 2008 112, 1♀, Dominique 2008 114; all coll. SH .

Diagnosis. N. caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp. is characterized by the following: Head brown, usually with black patterns below the eyes, below the scrobae, on face (impressed points), on occiput (figs. 16, 17); median ocellus of medium size, circular, not colored ( Fig. 16 ); face carina lateralis interna not forming a basal bulge (fig.16); scape with conspicuous spine ( Fig. 16–17 ); pro discus with transversal black pattern ( Fig. 17 ); T1 without dorsal denticles; fore wing costal field with fine reticulation ( Fig. 18 ); male left FW with narrow mirror (about half as wide as maximal height, Fig. 19 ); male subgenital plate with a shallow notch ( Fig. 22 ); T3 genicular lobe with a distinct spine on both side; male cerci up-curved, with a terminal spine, with a large basal bulge (figs. 22–24), without long projection; female subgenital plate longer than wide, with a narrow emargination ( Fig. 25 ); ovipositor wide, slightly up-curved ( Fig. 26 ).

Description. Head. Figs. 16, 17 . Antennae about twice as long as length of body, scape with a distinct spine. Head wide, slightly narrower than pronotum. Face carina lateralis interna distinct in the basal half of the frons, not bulging on the basis. Face carina lateralis externa distinct from below the eyes to the mandibles. Cuticle of head smooth, not wrinkled. Fastigium of vertex: from above with basal bulges harboring lateral ocelli separated by a furrow, apex pointing, hardly reaching the scrobae; apex up curved in side view. Space between eyes about 1.5 times as wide as the wider diameter of eye. Eyes rounded, salient. Thorax. Fig 17 . Pronotum with numerous tubercles in the discus; lateral lobes with shallow tubercles, lateral lobes mesozona wrinkled; anterior transversal sulcus shallow, distinct in the discus only; posterior transversal sulcus deep, well distinct in the discus and the lateral lobes; short deep sagittal sulcus crossing the posterior transversal sulcus in the middle; discus anterior margin convex; posterior margin of the discus with a shallow median concavity; lateral lobe ventral margin strongly rimmed. Thoracic auditory opening ovoid, well distinct. Prosternum with long divergent spines. Legs. Fore coxae dorsally with anteriorly directed long spine. F1: rounded dorsally; with distinct ventral carinae; inner (anterior) carina with 3–4 spines; outer (posterior) carina unarmed. F2 rounded dorsally; with distinct ventral carinae; outer (anterior) carina with 4 spines; inner (posterior) carina unarmed. F3 with 6–8 spines in the ventral carina. All genicular lobes armed on both sides except F1 outer (posterior) and F2 outer (anterior) genicular lobes. T1 squared in cross section, with well distinct carinae; tibia enlarged after the tympanal area; tympanal organ orifices equals, opened dorsally; both dorsal carinae unarmed; inner (anterior) ventral carina with 6–7 (usually 6) subapical spurs; outer (posterior) ventral carina with 6 subapical spurs. T2 with 6 subapical spurs on both ventral carinae. T3 squared in cross section; with 6–8 inner (posterior) ventral subapical spurs; with 9–10 outer (anterior) ventral subapical spurs; with 8–11 inner (posterior) dorsal subapical spines; with 3–5 outer (anterior) dorsal subapical spines. Wings. Well developed; exceeding distinctly the abdomen and hind knees. FW: large cells fully filled with fine veinlet nets except on the basis of the coastal area with middle sized cells free of veinlets ( Fig. 18 ). Abdomen: dorsal surface of tergites not modified.

Male. Wings. Figs. 19–21 . Left FW mirror opaque, with nets of veinlets in the distal posterior margin; about 1.7 times as high (maximal height) as wide (maximal width). File with ca. 125 lamellar teeth ( Fig. 21 ). Terminalia. Figs. 22–23 . Subgenital plate symmetrical, with parallel lateral sides; with shallow posterior V-shaped emargination; with long styli. Cerci up-curved, with a terminal spine, with a large basal bulge (figs. 22–24), without long projection.

Female. Terminalia. Figs. 25–26 . Ovipositor almost strait; regularly narrowing toward apex. Subgenital plate not modified, triangular; longer than wide, with a short narrow notch. Lateral sclerites ovoid, strongly concavous.

Color. Eyes blue in living specimens. Brown; head usually with black pattern below the eyes, on imprinted points, clypeus suture, occiput, pronotum carinae, lateral lobe mesozona, apex of spines and spurs (figs. 16, 17). FW veins and veinlets light brown, cells darkened, particularly large cells without veinlets on the costal field. HW: slightly infumated. Male anal field darkened, file black. Ovipositor apex darkened.

Bioacoustics. Fig. 27–30 . Nesonotus caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp. sings by night hours, from the undergrowth to the canopy. The call consists of long (> 1 min) relatively regular repetitions of verses. At 26°C, verses are repeated at a frequency of 0.99±0.1 verse/s (verse duration: 41.5±1.2 ms). Verses are formed by two syllables (first syllable duration: 7.9±0.3 ms with 4.7±0.1 trains of waves; second syllable duration: 24.3±1.2 ms with 12.9±0.1 trains of waves; inter syllable interval: 9.2±0.3 ms). The frequency peaks between 14–16 kHz. As N. reticulatus , N. caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp. produces tremulations independent to the song production (Stumpner et al. in press).

Biology. This species occurs on the hygrophilous forest of Dominica, in preserved and gardened forest.

Etymology. After blue eyes of living specimens.

Remark. N. caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp. is close to N. tricornis from Saint Barthélémy, and to N. reticulatus from Guadeloupe. N. caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp. can be distinguished from N. tricornis by: the size (much smaller in N. tricornis ); F3 genicular lobes (mostly without spines in N. tricornis ); the male left FW mirror (not as narrow in N. tricornis as in N. caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp.); the male cerci (narrower with an inconspicuous basal bulge in N. tricornis ). N. caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp. can be distinguished from N. reticulatus redescribed by Bonfils (1966) by: the costal field (with very wide reticulation in N. reticulatus ); the male left FW mirror (not as narrow in N. reticulatus as in N. caeruloglobus Hugel , n. sp.); the male cerci (with an inconspicuous basal bulge in N. reticulatus ).

Figures

FIGURE 16–26. Nesonotus caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp. 16, head (frontal view). 17, head and pronotum (dorsal view). 18, right FW, basis of costal field. 19, male left FW, anal field. 20, male right FW, anal field. 21, stridulatory file, SEM, ventral view. 22, male terminalia, ventral view. 23, male terminalia left side view. 24, male right circus, SEM, inner side view, note the terminal spine and the large basal bulge (arrows). 25, female terminalia, ventral view. 26, female terminalia, left side view. Scale bars: 21, 24: 1 mm; others: 5 mm.

FIGURE 27–30. Oscillogram of the calling song of Nesonotus caeruloglobus Hugel, n. sp. in natura. 28 is a detail of 27 (bracket). 29, 30 are details of 28 (brackets). A Neoconocephalus sings in the background. Dominica, Springfield, ATREC, Bee House Track, 28.VII2008, 21h10, 26°C.