Chlorotabanus crepuscularis ( Bequaert, 1926 )

Krolow, Tiago Kütter & Henriques, Augusto Loureiro, 2010, Taxonomic revision of the New World genus Chlorotabanus Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Tabanidae), Zootaxa 2656, pp. 1-40 : 5-9

Chlorotabanus crepuscularis ( Bequaert, 1926)

( Figure 1 A–I)

Tabanus crepuscularis Bequaert, 1926: 234 (key and Nom. nov.).

Tabanus (Chlorotabanus) crepuscularis, Kröber, 1930: 17 (diagnosis); 1934: 296 (catalog); Bequaert, 1940: 318 (citation).

Chlorotabanus crepuscularis, Kröber, 1934: 296 (catalog); Stone, 1938: 27 –28, fig. 9A (adult); Fairchild, 1940: 714 (key); Philip, 1947: 286 (catalog); Fairchild, 1969: 208 (classification); Goodwin, 1973: 6 –7, figs. 1,6 (immature); Pechuman, Webb & Teskey, 1983: 60, figs. 119, 153 (distribution); Henriques & Gorayeb, 1993: 8 (collection MPEG); Burger, 1995: 34 (catalog); Krolow & Henriques, 2008: 269 (citation); Krolow & Henriques, 2009: 209 (citation).

Chlorotabanus (Chlorotabanus) crepuscularis, Philip & Fairchild, 1956: 316 (revision).

Tabanaus flavus Macquart, 1834: 200 (preoccupied by Tabanus flavus Wiedemann, 1828 ); Knab, 1916: 97, fig. 1, 98 (diagnosis); Bequaert, 1924: 33 (citation); Kröber, 1930: 17 (diagnosis).

Tabanus tetrapunctus Thunberg, 1827: 57 (description); Kröber, 1934: 264 (catalog). n. syn.

Tabanus mexicanus , authors, not Linnaeus.

Tabanus sulphureus , authors, not Palisot de Beauvois.

Type locality: USA.

Diagnosis: Mid-sized (13 mm), body light yellow, yellow pilosity. Frons narrow and elongate, converging at base. Basal plate of the antenna with a slightly dorsally raised angle, stylus shorter than length of basal plate. Hyaline wing, with faint spots at the intersections of the transverse and longitudinal veins; the only species without a spot at the alular incision.

Redescription (Ψ several specimens): Body length 11.6–14.8 mm (X = 13 mm, N = 20) ( Fig. 1 A–B); wing length 9.8–11.7 mm (X = 11.4 mm, N = 20); wing width 3.1–3.9 mm (X = 3.5 mm, N = 20).

Head ( Fig. 1 C): Eyes dark red. Frons narrow and elongate, converging towards the base, F.I. 6.1–7.7 (X = 6.7, N = 20); D.I. 1.3–1.8 (X = 1.5, N = 20); yellowish-brown pruinosity and golden pilosity. Subcallus, gena, parafacialia and face with pruinosity as frons. Gena, parafacialia and face with dense yellow hairs, while subcallus has few hairs except near the parafacialia. Palpus yellow with yellow hairs. Proboscis, with yellowish theca, is subequal to the length of the palpus. Labella dark yellow. Antenna ( Fig. 1 D): scape and pedicel yellow with yellow hairs; flagellum yellow with hairs on the dorsal elevation of the basal plate and stylus. B.P.I. 1.2–1.6 (X = 1.4, N = 20), basal plate about 1.5x the stylus length. Flg.I. 1.3–1.7 (X = 1.5, N = 20).

Thorax: Scutum with orangish integument, white pruinosity (in all views) and yellow hairs; scutellum, post-pronotal lobe, notopleural lobe, post-alar callus and pleura identical to the scutum. Legs slender, coxa with pruinosity and pilosity as on thorax. Trochanters, femora and tarsomeres yellowish with yellow pilosity, also tibiae, except fore tibia with some dorsum-apical black hairs. Hyaline wings ( Fig. 1 E), except by the basal costal and costal cells yellowish and small poorly defined spots at the intersections of the transverse and longitudinal veins. Transverse veins are darker than the yellow longitudinal veins. Appendix present at the fork of vein R4+5. Pterostigma yellow and alular incision without spots.

Abdomen: Yellow, covered by yellow pilosity.

Male: Body length: 11.1–14.4 mm (X = 13.1 mm, N = 15); wing length: 9.7–11.2 mm (X = 10.4 mm, N = 15) ( Fig. 1 F–G); wing width: 3.0– 3.5 mm (X = 3.2 mm, N = 15). Similar to the female except for a few characters, such as holoptic eyes ( Fig. 1 H), where largest ommatidia occupy the upper 2/3 and the smallest ommatidia the lower 1/3. Ocellar tubercle absent with a ridge in this region. Porrect palpus, yellow, with yellow hairs. Antenna ( Fig. 1 I) with elongate stylus in comparison with the female, may be longer, shorter or equal to the length of the basal plate, B.P.I. 1.1–1.5 (X = 1.3, N = 15), Flg.I. 0.8–1.3 (X = 1.0, N = 15).

Distribution: Southeastern USA (Maryland, Delaware, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida).

Holotype Ψ? lost. Unknown collection according to Burger (1995). The synonym (current designation) T. tetrapunctus Thunberg (Holotype Ψ) was examined but was poorly preserved and the thorax and abdomen were damaged, but the wings were undamaged and so permitted identification.

Type-material examined: “Uppsala Univ. Zool. Mus.\ Thunbergsaml. nr. 22071\ Tabanus tetrapunctus \ Amer. Bosch. TYP”. (Holotype Ψ UUZM).

Additional material examined: UNITED STATES: Md[Maryland]: Worcester Co. (Pocomoke Cypress Swamp), 6–9.viii.1974 (J.F. Burger), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Bequaert) det. J.F. Burger, (NHM); Del[Delaware]: Dover, 11.vii.1937 (R. Traub), 1ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. C.B. Philip, ( CAS); N.C.[North Carolina]: Onslow Co. (Jacksonville, camp. Lejeune, Malaise trap CO2), 13.vi.1977 (J. Zimmerman), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. G.B. Fairchild 1988, ( MPEG); South Carolina: without location (ex. Coll. J. Bigot; ex. Coll. G.H. Verrall, B.M. 1914-500), 3Ψ, (NHM); idem (ex. Coll. J. Bigot; ex. Coll. G.H. Verrall, B.M. 1914-500), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. C.B. Philip [19]53, (NHM); Ga[ Georgia]: Billy’s Id Okefenokee Swamp, vi.1912 (unknown), 2Ψ, (NHM); idem, 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. L.L. Pechuman 1938, (NHM); idem, 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. L.L. Pechuman 1940, ( MZSP); idem, 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.N. Belkin 1941, ( CAS); idem, 1ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B. Philip, ( CAS); Okefenokee Swamp, v.6. [19]33 (P.W. Fatting), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. L.L. Pechuman 1954, (NHM); idem, v.6. [19]33, (P.W. Fatting), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.N. Belkin [19]40, ( LACM); idem, 30.vii.34 (R.H. Beamer), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B.

Philip, ( INPA); Okefenokee Clinch Co, 4–6.v.1935 (unknown) 1ɗ, 2Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. A. Stone, (NHM); idem, 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) without det., ( MZSP); Mimsville, 21.vii.1905 (unknown), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. J.E. Chainey 1976, (NHM); idem, 13.vi.06 (unknown), 1Ψ ( CAS); idem, 14.vii.06 (unknown), 1Ψ ( CAS); idem, 25.vii.06 (unknown), 2Ψ ( CAS); idem, 28.vii.06 (unknown), 1Ψ ( CAS); idem, 31.viii.06 (unknown), 1Ψ, Tabanus mexicanus L. without det., Tabanus crepuscularis B. det. C.B. Philip 1934, ( CAS); Tifton, v.28.1896 (unknown), 2Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. C.B. Philip 1952, ( FMNH, INPA); Waycross (18 mi. SE, Ware Co., at light), 24.vi.1955 (H.S. Dybas), 1ɗ, 1Ψ, ( CAS); Valdosta, 26.v.1936 (unknown), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.N. Belkin [19]40, ( LACM); Ala [Alabama]: Russell, undated (E.N. White), 1Ψ, Tabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) Det. J.m. Brennan, ( FMNH); Miss[Mississippi]: Ocean Springs, 18.v. [19]50 (unknown), 3Ψ, ( CAS); La[Louisiana]: Mound, 11.vii.1924 (H.E.Wallece), 1Ψ, Tabanus flavus Macq. Det. C.B. Philip , Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. C.B. Philip, ( CAS); Fla[Florida]: without location, undated (unknown), 1Ψ, Tabanus flavus Macq. Ψ, det. C.B. Philip, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) ɗ det. C.B. Philip, ( CAS); idem (M.C. VanDuzee Collection), 2Ψ, ( CAS); idem (M.C. VanDuzee Collection), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B. Philip [19]39, ( CAS); Apalachicola, 12.vi.1954 (Carl Mohr), 2Ψ, ( CAS); Fletcher, 6.vii.1948 (D.J. Taylor), 1Ψ, TM226, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. C.B. Philip 1948, ( CAS); idem, 1Ψ, D.J. Taylor, TM226, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. C.B. Philip 1949, ( CAS); Avon Park, v.1943 (R.H. Arnett Jr.), 2ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.N. Belkin [19]40, ( LACM); Archbold B. Sta. Lake Placid, 9.iv.1947 (J.G. Needham), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. L.L. Pechuman 1947, ( MZSP); idem, 23.iv.1947 (J.G. Needham), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. L.L. Pechuman 1954, (NHM); Archbold (Biol. Sta. Highlands Co., at ultraviolet light), 25–30.iv.1978 (L. Lester L. Lampert, Jr.), 1ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. G.B. Fairchild 1988, ( MPEG); idem (Biol. Sta. Highlands Co nr Lake Placid, black light), 10–16.v.1968 ( O.L. Cartwright), 3 Ψ ( USNM); Boynton, iv.1938 (unknown), 1Ψ, ( CAS); Everglades (Nat. Park, Dade Co.), 1.vi. [19]50 (E.L. Kessel), 2Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B. Philip 1950, ( CAS); idem (Hdgs), 14.vii. [19]53 (E.S. Ross), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. L.L. Pechuman, ( CAS); Gainesville, undated (unknown), 1ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. C.B. Philip [19]60, ( CAS); idem, 6.v.1922 (G.B. Merrill), 1ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. C.B. Philip 1948, ( MZSP); idem (U.V. Light trap), 30.iv to 3.v. [19]59 (L.A. Hetrick), 1ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. Anthony, ( CAS); idem ( Alachua Co. Austin Carey Forest , vic. Hatchett Creek, Co2 trap), 19.v.1976 (unknown), 1ɗ, G.B. Fairchild, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. G.B. Fairchild 1988, ( MPEG); idem, Malaise trap, 6–7.v.1975 (G.B. Fairchild), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. G.B. Fairchild 1981, ( INPA); idem, 5.i.1947 (unknown), 1ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B. Philip [19]50, ( CAS); idem (San Felasco Hammock, Flight trap), 26.v.1977 (G.B. Fairchild), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. G.B. Fairchild 1981, ( MPEG); Gulf Co.(St. Joseph Bay, 29.80°N; 85.33°W), 27.v.1982 (R. Lenczy), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Bequaert) det. J.F. Burger 2000 ( LACM); Glades Co. (Palmdale), 22.iv.1975 (W.L. Pulawaski), 1ɗ, ( CAS); Gulf Co. (1 mi. N. WhiteCity, at night, at UV light), 5.viii.1980 (C.W. O’Brien), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Bequaert) det. J.F. Burger 1995 ( CAS); Homestead, 13.6.[19]66 (unknown), 1Ψ, ( LACM); Indian River Co., 1.v.1957 (R.L. Blickle), 1ɗ, (NHM); Korisham St. Pk. (19Mi. S. of Fort Myers), 08.vi. [19]68 (Wood & Davidson), 5Ψ ( USNM), 2Ψ ( INPA); Leesburg (Univ. Fla. Exp. Sta. 7 mi. S. Leesburg Lake Co.), 4.v.1961 (C.H. Curran), 1ɗ, 1Ψ, ( CAS); idem, 5.v.1961 (C.H. Curran), 1ɗ, ( CAS); Lake Co., 14.v.1922 (T.P. Winter), 2Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B. Philip, ( CAS); Levy Co. (Bronson), 18.v.1977 (R.W. Duff), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Bequaert) det. J.F. Burger 1995 ( LACM); Panama City, 23.v.1940 (unknown), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.N. Belkin [19]40, ( LACM); Paradise Key, 30.v. [19]18 (C.A. Moster), 3Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.N. Belkin [19]40, ( LACM); Pinellas Co. (Passagrille), 23.iv.1929 (W.G. Fargo), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B. Philip, ( CAS); Punta Gorda (Charlotte Co.), 11.v. [19]53 (H. Ramstadt), 2ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B. Philip 1957, ( FMNH, INPA); Volusia Co (1.5 mi.e. Glenwood 50), 29.vii.1938 (Hubbell-Frisuf), 1ɗ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. C.B. Philip [19]42, ( CAS); idem (Enterprise), 14.may.1965 (J.E. Lloyd), 1Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (Bequ.) det. L.L. Pechuman, ( MZSP); Weekiwachee Springs, 29.v. [19]50 (E.L. Kessel), 3Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis Beq. (sic.) det. C.B. Philip 1950, ( CAS); W. Júpiter, iv.22.1896 (H.W. Cory), 1Ψ, Tabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.M. Brennan, ( INPA); idem, iv.25.1896 (A.T. Slosson), 4Ψ, Tabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.M. Brennan, ( FMNH); idem, v.13.1897 (H.W. Cory), 2Ψ, Tabanus crepuscularis (Beq.) det. J.M. Brennan, ( FMNH); Zolfo Springs (Hardee Co.), iv.21.1945 (A.G. Rueckert), 2Ψ, Chlorotabanus crepuscularis det. C.B. Philip 1952, ( FMNH).

Discussion: This species, found in southern U.S.A., has never been reported from Mexico, Central America or Caribbean Islands and so its range does not overlap that of any other species in the genus. Easily identified due to its yellow color with yellow pilosity, wing with four spots on the intersections of the transverse and longitudinal veins and the only species without a spot on the alular incision.

Tabanus tetrapunctus Thunberg, 1827 , previously treated as a synonym of C. mexicanus , here is transferred to a new synonym of C. crepuscularis . This rearrangement is because Philip and Fairchild (1956) did not study the holotype of T. tetrapunctus , but rather merely corresponded with Professor Kullenberg of the Uppsala Museum, and he affirmed that this species had “wing with spots at the intersections of the veins, but not very distinct.” As its name ( tetrapunctus ) suggests, the wing has only four spots, which differs from C. mexicanus . In Philip and Fairchild (1956), the only species with wing spots for South America was C. mexicanus , which probably caused the identification mistake (in that study the distribution for T. tetrapunctatus was stated as “ Brazil and South American islands”). However, examination of the T. tetrapunctus holotype found it to clearly be C. crepuscularis , and its label states its locality to be “Amer. Bosch.” rather than “ Brazil and South American islands”. Thus, we infer that this specimen was not collected in South America but problaby is in error, perhaps due to a misplaced label.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Chlorotabanus crepuscularis (A – E Ψ; F – I ♂): A – B, F – G, Body (dorsal and lateral views); C and H, Head (frontal view); D and I, Antenna (lateral view); E, Wing (dorsal view).