Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933

Köhler, Frank, 2011, Descriptions of New Species of the Diverse and Endemic Land Snail Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 from Rainforest Patches across the Kimberley, Western Australia (Pulmonata: Camaenidae), Records of the Australian Museum 63 (2), pp. 167-202 : 169

Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933

Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933: 52 ; Solem, 1981: 147–320; Solem, 1988: 28–32; Solem, 1991: 187–202; Solem & McKenzie, 1991: 247–263; McKenzie et al., 1995: 251; Johnson, O’Brien & Fitzpatrick, 2010: 141–153; Köhler, 2010b: 217–284 . Type species Helix (Hadra) sykesi Smith, 1894 by original designation.

Tenuigada Iredale, 1939: 68 . Type species Tenuigada percita Iredale, 1939 by original designation.

Diagnosis

Rock or free sealer with medium sized (H = 8–23 mm, D = 15–30 mm, H/D = 0.5–1.1) shell, from thin and translucent to moderately thick, broadly conical to dome-shaped with moderately to strongly elevated spire. Umbilicus narrowly winding, entirely open to completely concealed by columellar reflection, frequently variable within species. Protoconch with weak to strongly developed radially elongated pustulations, transition to teleoconch inconspicuous. Teleoconch sculpture variable, ranging from presence of very weak axial growth lines only to presence of well-developed, regular radial lirae, which may be prominent on entire whorl surface or only on upper parts of whorls. Last whorl moderate to wide in cross-section, periphery well rounded to slightly angulated (often transitions are found within single populations). Shell colour variable, background often yellowish brown to horn, frequently banded, with brown sub-sutural and peripheral bands, or more rarely uniform with lighter base.

Mantle cavity extending between half and more than entire last whorl of shell; mantle roof with variably spotted or marbled, black pigmentation; kidney extending about half to two thirds of mantle cavity.

Genitalia typically camaenid with prostate and uterus being fused forming spermoviduct; development of gonads depending on seasonal activity and maturity. Penis with well-developed sheath, extending entire length, usually thin proximally, thick distally. Typically without well-developed epiphallus, rarely vas deferens reflecting as simple, elongated epiphallus. Penial retractor muscle attached at apex of penial complex, variable in length. Vas deferens entering penial sheath from halfway up to almost apically; entering penial chamber through variably developed verge. Inner penial wall supporting characteristic pustulation and basal pilasters (often species-specific); a main stimulatory pilaster may or may not be present, varying in development, shape and sculpture (often species-specific). Bursa copulatrix relatively simple, short, reaching or slightly extending base of spermoviduct; head usually well differentiated (inflated); inner wall of vagina and bursa copulatrix with longitudinal pilasters that vary in development and finer structure. Albumen gland elongated. Talon embedded in albumen gland within proximal portion of albumen gland. Hermaphroditic duct tightly undulating. Radula rectangular in shape, usually between 3.5 and 5.5 mm long with 120–170 rows of teeth. Tooth formula variable, C + 12–20 + 3–4 + 15–22. Central teeth with pointed triangular mesocones, shorter than base of tooth; ectocones vestigial. Lateral teeth with bluntly pointed triangular mesocones, length equal to base of tooth; vestigial to small ectocones; endocones vestigial. Marginal teeth multicuspid, mesocones and endocones similar in length, ectocones smaller than endocones, occasionally subdivided. Species aestivating as rock or free sealers.