Guatteria blepharophylla Mart.

Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), Blumea 60 (1), pp. 1-219 : 48

24. Guatteria blepharophylla Mart. — Map 7

Guatteria blepharophylla Mart. (1841) 38; Maas & Westra (2011) 115, f. 1a, 2, 3a,pl. 1a, b. — Guatteriopsis blepharophylla (Mart.) R.E.Fr. (1934) 110, t. 6; Maas et al. (2007) 644. — Type: Martius s.n. (lecto M, selected by Erkens & Maas 2008), Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Coarí, Nov. 1819.

Annona sessiliflora Benth. (1853) 8. — Guatteria sessiliflora (Benth.) Saff. (1914) 6. — Guatteriopsis sessiliflora (Benth.) R.E.Fr. (1934) 109. — Type: Spruce 1668 (holo K; iso B, BM, FI, G 2 sheets, LE, M, NY, P, W), Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, towards confluence with Rio Solimões, May 1851.

Guatteria ucayaliana Diels (1924b) 138. — Guatteria dielsiana R.E.Fr. (1938) 719. — Type: Tessmann 3212 (holo B; iso G, S), Peru, Loreto, Yarina Cocha, Middle Río Ucayali, 155 m, 24 Sept. 1923.

Guatteria brevicuspis R.E.Fr. (1939) 491, f. 28e, f. — Type: Krukoff 5589 (holo S; iso BM, F, G, K, M, MO, NY 2 sheets, RB, S, U 2 sheets, US), Brazil, Acre, Rio Purus, near mouth of Rio Macauã (‘Macauhan’), tributary of Rio Iaco (‘Yacu’), 21 Aug. 1933.

Guatteria cylindrocarpa R.E.Fr.(1957b) 601, t. 2. — Type: Schultes & López 8949 (holo US), Brazil, Amazonas , Rio Negro, Tapurucuara, 11 Sept.1947.

Guatteria sp. 1 Chatrou et al. (1997) 109.

Shrub or tree, 2–13(–25) m tall, to c. 10(–30) cm diam; young twigs densely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 8–13 mm long, 2–4 mm diam; lamina narrowly obovate-oblong to narrowly ovate-oblong, rarely elliptic, 15–35 by 3.5–8.5(–12) cm (leaf index 3.5–5.5), chartaceous, densely to rather densely verruculose, dull greenish brown to brown above, pale brown to brown below, glabrous above, densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs to c. 1 mm long below, base long-attenuate, sometimes acute to obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 10–30 mm long), primary vein impressed to flat above, secondary veins distinct, 16– 22 on either side of primary vein, flat or slightly impressed above, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–3 mm, tertiary veins slightly raised above, reticulate. Flowers in 1– 2-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves; pedicels 4–10(–20) mm long, 1–3 mm diam, fruiting pedicels rarely to c. 40 mm long, densely covered with appressed hairs, articulated at 0.2–0.5 from the base, bracts c. 5, soon falling; flower buds ovoid to broadly ovoid; sepals free or almost so, broadly ovate to broadly ovate-triangular, 4–9 by 3–7 mm, appressed, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; petals greenish yellow, yellow, yellow-orange or cream in vivo, rhombic-ovate to elliptic, 8–20 by 5–10 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed, silvery hairs; sta- mens 1.5–2 mm long, connective shield papillate to glabrous. Monocarps 10– 25, green, maturing red to black in vivo, brown to dark brown in sicco, narrowly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 17–25 by 7–9 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, apex acute to apiculate (apiculum c. 0.5 mm long), wall 0.2–0.5 mm thick, stipes 5–13 by 1.5–2 mm. Seed narrowly ellipsoid, 18–22 by 6– 9 mm, brown, rugulose to rugose, longitudinally and transversely grooved, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Amazonian Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar), Guyana, French Guiana, Amazonian Ecuador (Napo, Sucum- bios), Peru (Huánuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martín , Ucayali), Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Bolivia (Beni).

Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated or periodically inun- dated (restinga, tahuampa) forest, on clayey or rarely on sandy soil. At elevations of 0– 800 m. Flowering: throughout the year; fruiting: throughout the year.

Vernacular names — Brazil: Envira-preta (H.C. & R. P. Lima 2718), Envireira (Rodrigues 534), Pindaíba-preta (Marimon 51). Peru: Anonilla (Freitas 7, Ruiz & Melendez 1344), Carahuasca amarilla ( Tello 2999), Hicoja (Schunke V. 7688), Hicoja negra (Schunke V. 4294, 8674), Huasca anonilla ( Vásquez 12285), Huasca hicoja (Schunke V. 7844), Icoja (Rimachi Y. 4175), Tortuga (Plowman 2537). Venezuela: Kunguate (Yekuana) (Aymard C. & Fernández 7324), Kunwatö (Yekuana) (Ang. Fernández 5266).

Notes — Guatteria blepharophylla is recognizable by shortly pedicellate flowers (pedicels generally up to c. 10 mm long) and by petals which are densely covered with apressed, silvery hairs.

Guatteria blepharophylla is a variable species. Characteristi- cally it has densely to rather densely verruculose leaves with a long-attenuate base, and it is found as such particularly in Amazonian Brazil and Venezuela. In Ecuador and Peru the leaves tend to have a shortly attenuate, acute or even obtuse base. Specimens from Jenaro Herrera, Loreto, Peru are very variable in leaf shape, particularly the leaf base which shows the whole variation range between long-attenuate and obtuse.