Guatteria citriodora Ducke

Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), Blumea 60 (1), pp. 1-219 : 57-59

36. Guatteria citriodora Ducke — Fig. 24c , 26 ; Map 10

Guatteria citriodora Ducke (1930) 104, t. 2, f. 3a–c; R.E.Fr. (1939) 467, f. 23a, b; Maas et al. (2007) 638. — Type: Ducke RB 19609 (holo RB; iso B, F, G, K, NY, P, S, U, US), Brazil, Amazonas, Maués, near Rio Curucá, 4 June and 17 Dec. 1927.

Guatteria paraensis R.E.Fr. (1939) 464, f. 22c–e, syn. nov. — Type: Ducke RB 17866 (holo S), Brazil, Pará , Belém (‘ Belém do Pará’), 7 Nov. 1922.

Guatteria duckeana R.E.Fr. var. subcordata R.E.Fr. (1948b) 10, pl. 4a. — Type: Ll. Williams 15777 (holo US 3 sheets; iso G, NY), Venezuela, Amazonas, Capibara (‘Capihuara’), Alto Casiquiare , 120 m, 3 June 1942.

Tree 2–33 m tall, 5–50 cm diam; young twigs densely covered with erect, brown hairs, finally glabrous. Leaves: petiole 2–7 mm long, 1.5–2 mm diam; lamina elliptic to ovate, mostly nar- rowly so, 7–19 by 2–6.5 cm (leaf index 2–5), chartaceous, not verruculose, dull, greyish green to brown, brown below, densely to rather densely covered erect to more or less appressed hairs above when young, soon becoming glabrous, densely covered below with erect hairs, hairs simple or in bundles of 2–4, often with brown cell content, base acute, attenuate, or obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long) to acute, primary vein flat to slightly raised above, secondary veins distinct, 10–15 on either side of primary vein, raised above, smallest distance between loops and margin 2– 5 mm, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Flowers in 1–2-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves or less often on leafless branchlets; flowering pedicels 5 –12 mm long, 1–2 mm diam, fruiting pedicels same length, rarely to c. 17 mm long, to c. 4 mm diam, densely covered with erect, brown hairs, articulated at 0.2–0.7 from the base, bracts 5–7, soon falling, the basal ones broadly elliptic-ovate, 1–2 mm long, the upper ones very broadly elliptic-ovate to elliptic, 5 –10 mm long, exceptionally foliaceous bracts developed, elliptic, to c. 10 mm long; flower buds broadly ovoid to ovoid-conical; sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular, 3–7 by 3–7 mm, soon completely reflexed, outer side densely covered with erect, brown hairs; petals green, maturing cream to yellow tinged with some reddish in vivo, narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly obovate, 10–20 by 3–9 mm, outer side densely covered with erect, brown hairs; stamens 1–1.5 mm long, connective shield densely hairy. Monocarps 2 –10, green, maturing red, purple to finally black in vivo, pale brown in sicco, ellipsoid to globose, 10–15 by 5 –10 mm, sparsely covered with erect hairs, apex rounded, sometimes apiculate (apiculum to c. 1 mm long), wall c. 0.5 mm thick, stipes 0–2 by 0–1 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 6–8 by 5–6 mm, brown, smooth, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Colombia (Antioquia, Vaupés), Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolívar), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru (Madre de Dios), Brazil (Acre?, Amapá,Amazonas, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rondônia, Roraima), Bolivia (Beni, Cochabamba, La Paz).

Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated forest, rarely in gallery forest or campinarana, on sandy to clayey soil. At elevations of 0–400 m, exceptionally to 1300 m (Antioquia, Colombia). Flowering : throughout the year; fruiting: throughout the year .

Vernacular names — Brazil: Amajo-preto (Krukoff 1753), Envira, Envira-amarela, Laranjinha (Ducke RB 19609, S. Silva & Martins 620), Laranjinha-da-terra-firme ( Cid et al. 4249), Maria-preta ( Miranda et al. IPB 14669). Peru: Grau anona amarilla (Hartshorn et al. 2858). Venezuela: Fruta de burro (Blanco 861), Majagua (Ll. Williams 15777).

Field observations — Ducke (1930) when describing this species noted a penetrating smell of Citrus leaves, even in dried material (‘Cette anonacée est remarquable par l’odeur pénétrante à feuilles de Citrus que répandent l’écorce et les feuilles; cette odeur persiste longtemps quoique moins forte, dans les échantillons secs.’). Also some more recent field re- ports of G. citriodora make mention of a noticeable fragrance, e.g., S. Silva & Martins 620 with a spicy, Eucalyptus -like smell in most of the parts (‘frutos imaturos e maturos con odor muito forte de eucalypto em quase toda a planta’), Cid et al. 4249 (‘folhas têm cheiro de capim-santo’) and Mori et al. 23673 (‘bark with spicy aroma’).

Notes — Guatteria citriodora together with G. duckeana , G. schomburgkiana and G. stipitata forms a group of four (as currently recognized) closely similar species that share short-pedicelled flowers and very shortly stipitate or sessile monocarps, or with stipes less than two times the length of the monocarp body ( G. stipitata ). The densely hairy connective shield also is a distinctive feature of this group (vs papillate or glabrous in most Guatteria species). In Fries’s (1939) revision these species constituted the sect. Cephalocarpus , then comprising eight species, four of them now reduced to synonymy. See also Table 4.

Guatteria citriodora can be recognized by the erect hairs best seen on the lower side of the leaf on the primary vein and the lamina surface along the primary vein, in contrast to G. schomburgkiana with appressed hairs. Note, though, that hairs on the lower leaf side in G. citriodora may become more or less appressed towards the margin; therefore the primary vein area should be examined. Many leaf hairs in G. citriodora are filled with brown cell content in sicco. Also there may be some bundled hairs intermixed with simple hairs. Guatteria citriodora when not in fruit may become difficult to distinguish from G. stipitata , see under that species.

Guatteria duckeana var. subcordata , only known from the type collection from Amazonian Venezuela, is aberrant in having a cordate leaf base. As the indument matches G. citriodora fairly well we have provisionally placed it here.

Figures

Fig. 24 a. Guatteria carchiana Maas & Westra. Flowers. – b. Guatteria chiriquiensis R.E.Fr. Fruit. – c. Guatteria citriodora Ducke. Fruit. – d, e. Guatteria conspicua R.E.Fr. d. Flowers; e. fruit. – f. Guatteria crassivenia N.Zamora & Maas. Detail of lower leaf surface. – g. Guatteria delicatula Maas & Westra. Flower pedicel with perianth and stamens gone. – h. Guatteria dotana N.Zamora & Erkens. Fruit (a: Vargas L. et al. 4242, isotype U; b: Zamora et al. 1461, U; c: Mori et al. 23673, U; d, e: Jonker-Verhoef & Jonker 494, U; f: Herrera C. & Chacón 2746, U; g: Solomon 9282, holotype U; h: Estrada & Solano 1817, MO).

Fig. 26 Guatteria citriodora Ducke. Flowering branch (Molino & Sabatier 1968, U).