Guatteria megalophylla Diels

Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), Blumea 60 (1), pp. 1-219 : 110

96. Guatteria megalophylla Diels — Fig. 49 , 50 ; Plate 5g, h ; Map 22

Guatteria megalophylla Diels (1905) 127;R.E.Fr. (1939) 487,f. 26c; Maas et al. (1993) 84; Murillo A. & Restrepo (2000) 106, f. 31; Erkens et al. (2008) 502, f. 14. — Type: Ule 5630 (holo B; iso BM,G, L 2 sheets,MG,U), Brazil, Acre, Rio Jurua-Mirim, July 1901.

Guatteria melosma Diels (1927) 170; R. E.Fr. (1939) 485, f. 26a, b. — Type: Tessmann 5039 (holo B; iso F, G, NY), Peru, Loreto, Iquitos , 100 m, Feb. 1925 .

Guatteria megalophylla Diels var. deminuta R.E.Fr. (1939) 488, f. 26d, e. — Type: Krukoff 6388 (holo S; iso BM, BR, F, G, K, MO, NY, U, US), Brazil, Amazonas , Mun. Humaitá, Basin of Rio Madeira, Três Casas, 14 Sept. 1934.

Tree 3–15 m tall, to c. 25 cm diam; young twigs densely to rather densely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 15–50 mm long, 3–10 mm diam, often winged; lamina narrowly elliptic, 20–75 by 5–30 cm (leaf index 2.5–5.6), chartaceous, not verruculose, slightly shiny, greyish green to brown above and below, glabrous above, rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs to glabrous below, base acute to obtuse, often distinctly attenuate, apex acuminate (acumen 15–20 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 15–35 on either side of primary vein, strongly impressed above, forming a distinct marginal vein, at a smallest distance of 2–4 mm from the margin, tertiary veins inconspicuous, slightly raised above, reticulate to percurrent. Flowers in 1(–2)-flowered inflorescences on leafless branchlets or less often in axils of leaves; pedicels 5–10 mm long, 2–3 mm diam, fruiting pedicels 15–20 mm long, 3–6 mm diam, densely covered with appressed hairs, becoming glabrous, articulated at 0.3–0.4 from the base, bracts 6–7, soon falling, only basal bract rarely seen, very broadly ovate, c. 1 mm long; flower buds ovoid to broadly ovoid, slightly pointed; sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular, 6 –12 by 6 –12 mm, appressed, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; petals greenish yellow, yellow, orange or red in vivo, ovate, elliptic to rhombic, 15–27 by 10–15 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; stamens c. 2 mm long, connective shield papillate, sometimes umbonate. Monocarps 10–25, green, maturing purplish black to black in vivo, black to brown in sicco, ellipsoid, 15–40 by 8–18 mm, rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex rounded to apiculate (apiculum <0.5 mm long), wall c. 1 mm thick, stipes 1–7 by 1–4 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 12–25 by 7–14 mm, dark, shiny brown, longitudinally and transversely grooved to rugose, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Caquetá, Putumayo, Vaupés), S Guyana,Amazonian Ecuador (Morona-Santiago, Napo, Sucumbíos), Peru (Amazonas, Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Pasco, San Martín , Ucayali), Brazil (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima), Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Pando).

Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated or rarely periodi- cally inundated forest, on sandy to clayey soil. At elevations of 0–1500 m. Flowering: throughout the year; fruiting: throughout the year.

Vernacular names — Bolivia:Arbol de agua ( Solomon 6401). Brazil: Envira (Krukoff 6388). Colombia: Carguero (Murillo A. 532), Cherimoya ( Schultes 3645), Garapato (Vera-Sánchez et al. 229), Garapato negro (Vera-Sánchez et al. 445), Iyuku du- jeku (Muinane name) (Murillo A. 532), Majagua (Vera-Sánchez et al. 216). Ecuador: Cara caspi (Korning & Thomsen 58629), Yais (Shuar name) ( Neill et al. 16391). Peru: Anona (Rimachi Y. 2443), Anonilla (J.C. Ruiz 1313), Auca hicoja (Schunke V. 5889), Bara (McDaniel 17468, Rimachi Y. 907), Bara caspi (McDaniel 20201, Rimachi Y. 6110, 8523, 11765), Carahuasca (Díaz M. 42, Pariona & Ruiz 1002, Reynel R. 47, 407, 629, J.C. Ruiz 1313, Schunke V. 4990, Simpson & Schunke V. 756, Vásquez et al. 6614, 7508, 7992, 9503, 10384), Chiuanim (Kayap 649), Chiwanim (Ancuash 28, 364, 418), Espintana (Rimachi Y. 3763, 9286), Espintana de hoja ancha (Maas et al. 4531, Young & Grández 1042), Icoja blanca (Begazo 122), Sacha aguaja ( Daly 5702), Tintuk (Kayap 646), Tortuga caspi (Rimachi Y. 1064, 1156, 1300), Vara ( Vásquez et al. 7343, 7344, 7347), Washi yais (Huambisa name) (Tunqui 907), Yais (Kajekai 909), Yana baru (Rimachi Y. 3486).

Note — Guatteria megalophylla is a species very widely spread all over Amazonian America ( Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil and in Guyana), mostly at low elevations up to 600 m. It is easily recognizable by having very large leaves (of up to 75 by 20 cm!) with a very distinct and impressed marginal vein, rather long petioles, shortly pedicellate flowers (mostly produced from leafless branchlets) and shortly stipitate monocarps .

Figures

Plate 5 a, b. Guatteria jefensis Barringer. a. Flowering branch of dwarf tree; b. ripe flower (top), fruit (bottom). – c. Guatteria latifolia (Mart.) R.E.Fr. Flower bud. – d–f. Guatteria lucens Standl. d. Flowers; e. leaves; f. fruit. – g, h. Guatteria megalophylla Diels. – g. Flower; h. fruit. – i. Guatteria oblongifolia Rusby. Flowering branch (a: Maas et al. 9553; b: Cerro Jefe, Panama; c: Maas & Martinelli 3222; d; Maas et al. 9491; e: Maas et al. 9519; f: Chatrou et al. 705; g, h: Chatrou et al. 387; i: Homeier 4504). — Photos: a, c–e: P.J.M. Maas; b: J. Harrison; f–h: L.W. Chatrou; i: J. Homeier.

Fig. 49 Guatteria megalophylla Diels. Flowering branch (Van der Werff et al. 16592, U).

Fig. 50 Guatteria megalophylla Diels. Fruiting branch (Solomon 6401, U).