Guatteria guianensis (Aubl.) R.E.Fr.

Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), Blumea 60 (1), pp. 1-219 : 92-93

77. Guatteria guianensis (Aubl.) R.E.Fr. — Map 17

Guatteria guianensis (Aubl.) R.E.Fr. (1939) 505, f. 32a–c; Maas et al. (2007) 639; Maas & Westra (2011) 127, f. 11, 12, pl. 1d–f. — Aberemoa guianensis Aubl. (1775) 610, t. 245. — Guatteria aberemoa Dunal (1817) 126, nom. illeg. — Type: Aublet s.n. (lecto BM, selected by Fries 1939), French Guiana, ‘in silvis remotis Sinemariensibus’.

Guatteria aberemoa Dunal var. microcarpa DC. (1817) 502. — Type: not seen.

Guatteria multivenia Diels (1927) 171. — Type: Tessmann 5192 (holo B; iso F, G, NY), Peru, Loreto, Lower Río Itaya, Soledad , 110 m, 13 June 1925.

Guatteria excellens R.E.Fr. (1938) 721. — Type: Klug 1273 (holo F; iso NY, US), Peru, Loreto, Mishuyacu, near Iquitos , 100 m, Apr. 1930.

Guatteria calophylla R.E.Fr. (1939) 507, f. 32d–f. — Type: Krukoff 1534 (holo S; iso BM, F, G, K, NY, P, U, US), Brazil, Mato Grosso, source of Rio Jatuarana, Machado River region , 5 Dec. 1931.

Guatteria robusta R.E.Fr. (1957a) 328. — Type: Fróes 20788 (holo NY; iso IAN), Brazil,Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença, Apr. 1945.

Tree 3–25 m tall, 4–25 cm diam;young twigs and petioles densely covered with a velutinous indument of erect, often curly, brown hairs to c. 0.5 mm long, becoming glabrous in age. Leaves: petioles 0–10 mm long, 4–8 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic to narrowly elliptic-obovate, 20–63 by 6–21 cm (leaf index 2.6–4.5), chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, brown or green- ish to greyish brown and often somewhat shiny above, brown below, densely to rather densely verruculose, glabrous above, rather densely to sparsely covered with erect to appressed hairs below, base attenuate, extreme base a rounded lobule on each side, apex acuminate (acumen 5–30 mm long and ending in an acute tip), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins 20–35 on either side of primary vein, impressed above, form- ing a marginal vein, at a smallest distance of 1–7 mm from the margin, tertiary veins flat to raised above, percurrent. Flowers in 1(–2)-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves or on leafless branchlets; pedicels 12–25 mm long, 2–3 mm diam, fruiting pedicels to c. 35 mm long, c. 5 mm diam, densely covered with erect to appressed hairs, articulated at 0.3–0.5 from the base, bracts probably several, soon falling, the uppermost bract elliptic, 7–8 mm long; flower buds broadly ovoid, acute; sepals almost free, broadly ovate-triangular, 7–12 by 8–11 mm, spreading to reflexed, outer side densely covered with erect to appressed hairs; petals green, maturing cream, white or yel- low in vivo, elliptic, 20–35 by 12–17 mm, outer side densely covered with erect to appressed brownish grey hairs; stamens 2–3 mm, connective shield papillate to glabrous. Monocarps 20–75, green, maturing reddish black to black in vivo, brown in sicco, ellipsoid, 13–25 by 8–15 mm, rather densely to sparsely covered with erect to appressed hairs, apex rounded, extreme apex apiculate (apiculum 0.5–1 mm long), wall 0.5–1 mm thick, stipe 4–10 by 1.5–2 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 15– 25 by 6 – 9 mm, brown to reddish brown, rugulose, longitudinally and transversely grooved, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Colombia (Amazonas, Antioquia, Vaupés), French Guiana, Ecuador (Napo, Sucumbios), Peru (Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Martín ), Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia).

Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated forest, on clayey to sandy soil. At elevations of 0– 800 m. Flowering: March to December; fruiting: throughout the year.

Vernacular names — Brazil: Envira-da-mata (Fróes 20788), Invira (Krukoff 1534, Pires 51901). Colombia: Muecantokaro-riká (Makuna name) (García-Barriga 14374), Pö-ö-ká-no (Gwanano name) ( Schultes & Cabrera R. 19320), Pweé-ka-no (Tukano and Desano name) ( Schultes & Cabrera R. 19320). Ecua- dor: Moncapatamo (Huaorani name) (M. Aulestia & Bainca 3533, M. Aulestia & Omehuat 3209), Yaris (Shuar name) (Morales et al. 1466). French Guiana:Abéremou (Galibi), Mamanyaré (Cre- ole name), Pomme canelle (Creole name). Peru: Carahuasca (P. Díaz et al. 85, Vásquez et al. 5968), Churum yeis (Huashikat 832, 1046), Espintana (Rimachi Y. 7515), Wáshi yéis (Huashikat 665), Wasri yais (Shuar name) (Tunqui 857), Wuáshi yais (Shuar name) (Leveau 250).

Uses — Peru: Wood used for construction of houses (‘Se utiliza la madera para la casa’) (Huashikat 1046).

Notes — Guatteria guianensis is easily recognizable by a combination of often very large, verruculose leaves with a quite distinct marginal vein, and by young twigs covered with a velutinous indument of erect, mostly curly, brown hairs when young. It resembles G. decurrens , from which it differs by the indument of the young leafy twigs: erect, brown, soft, curly hairs to c. 0.5 mm long in G. guianensis vs erect to half-appressed, stiff hairs to c. 3 mm long in G. decurrens .

According to Maas et al. 8186 (U) from Peru the ripe fruit has a sweet, edible pulp.