Guatteria ferruginea A.St.-Hil.

Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), Blumea 60 (1), pp. 1-219 : 83

64. Guatteria ferruginea A.St.-Hil. — Plate 4a ; Map 15

Guatteria ferruginea A.St.-Hil. (1825) 38; R. E. Fr. (1939) 398. —

Type: A.F.C.P. de Saint-Hilaire 2 ( holo P ; iso S), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Nova Iguaçu (‘prope vicum Aguassu’) , July 1816 .

Guatteria glazioviana R.E.Fr. (1900) 19, t. 2, f. 1, 2. — Type: Glaziou 6856 (lecto B selected by Lobão in Maas et al. 2011; isolecto BR, C, G, K, P, S), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Novo Friburgo (‘ Alto da Boa Vista de Nova Friburgo’ ), 23 Jan. 1874.

Guatteria burchellii R.E.Fr. (1939) 398. — Type: Burchell 2698 (holo K; iso P), Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Magé (‘Frechal to Magé’), 25 Feb. 1826.

An often cauliflorous tree or shrub 3–10(–18) m tall, 6–18 cm diam; young twigs densely covered with erect, brown hairs. Leaves: petiole 6–12 mm long, 2–5 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic to narrowly obovate, 17–40 by 5–15 cm (leaf index 1.5–3.8), chartaceous to coriaceous, not verruculose, blackish green above, brown below, sparsely covered with erect hairs to glabrous above, densely covered with erect hairs to sometimes glabrous below, base obtuse to attenuate, apex acuminate (acumen 10–20 mm long), primary vein impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 10 –20 on either side of primary vein, raised or impressed above, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–4 mm, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Flowers solitary in axils of leaves or mostly in 1–2(–more?)- flowered, densely clustered inflorescences on the stem; pedicels 15–60 mm long, 1–3 mm diam, fruiting pedicels to c. 70 mm long, densely to sparsely covered with erect, brown hairs, articulated at 0.1–0.2 from the base, bracts 2–3, soon falling, 5–6 mm long; flower buds broadly ovoid; sepals free, broadly to shallowly ovate-triangular, 5–10 by 7 mm, reflexed, outer side densely covered with erect hairs to glabrous; petals cream or yellow in vivo, elliptic to ovate, 13–20 by 6–12 mm, outer side sparsely covered with erect, brown hairs; stamens c. 2 mm long, connective shield papillate. Monocarps 25– 55, green, maturing reddish to purple-black in vivo, black in sicco, ellipsoid, 8–12 by 5–7 mm, glabrous, apex apiculate (apiculum 0.5–1 mm long), wall 0.1–0.3 mm thick, stipes 10–25 by 1 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 8–12 by 5–7 mm, brown, pitted, raphe raised.

Distribution — Brazil ( Bahia, Espírito Santo, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro).

Habitat & Ecology — In periodically inundated or non-inun- dated forest, on clayey to sandy soil.At elevations of 0–1000 m. Flowering: throughout the year; fruiting: throughout the year.

Vernacular names — Not recorded.

Field observations — A. Rylands 30/1980 (U) from Una, Bahia, Brazil: ‘frutos maduros verde amarelados comidos por Callithrix e Leontopithecus ’.

Note — Guatteria ferruginea is the only cauliflorous representative of this genus in the Atlantic forests of Brazil. It is characterized by large leaves (17–40 by 5–15 cm), usually densely covered with erect, brown hairs on the lower side, and outer side of sepals and petals also often covered with erect, brown hairs. Guatteria ferruginea is similar to G. pogonopus . It shares the large leaves, but the pedicels in the latter are much shorter. However, G. pogonopus has glabrous leaves and, moreover, it is not cauliflorous.

Figures

Plate 4 a. Guatteria ferruginea A.St.-Hil. Stem with flowers and fruit. – b, d, e. Guatteria goudotiana Triana & Planch. b. Fruit; d. flowering branch; e. flower. – c, f. Guatteria heteropetala Benth. c. Fruiting branch; f. flowering branch. – g. Guatteria hirsuta Ruiz & Pav. Fruiting branch. – h, i. Guatteria inundata Mart. h. Flowering branch; i. fruiting branch (a: Amorim et al. 818; b, d, e: Sánchez S. et al. 4776; c: Stevenson et al. 1115; f: Berry s.n.; g: Clark et al. 5291; h: Croat 19234; i: Maas et al. 6288). — Photos: a, i: P.J.M. Maas; b, d, e: D. Sánchez S.; c: D.W. Stevenson; f: P.E. Berry; g: J.L. Clark; h: T.B. Croat.

Map 15 Distribution of Guatteria ferruginea (●), G. flabellata (£), G. flagelliflora (■), G. flexilis (P) and G. foliosa (u).