Guatteria foliosa Benth. — Plate

Maas, P. J. M., Westra, L. Y. T., Guerrero, S. Arias, Lobão, A. Q., Scharf, U., Zamora, N. A. & Erkens, R. H. J., 2015, Confronting a morphological nightmare: revision of the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae), Blumea 60 (1), pp. 1-219 : 85-87

68. Guatteria foliosa Benth. — Plate 3f; Map 15

Guatteria foliosa Benth.(1843) 360; Murillo A.& Restrepo (2000) 94;S.A. Mori et al. (2002) 62, pl. 12e; Maas et al.(2007) 639. — Type: R.H.Schomburgk I 995 (holo K 3 sheets; iso B 3 sheets, BM, E, F 2 sheets, G 3 sheets, K, L, NY, P, U, US), Brazil,Amazonas, Rio Negro, anno 1837.

Tree 4–25 m tall, 5–50 cm diam; young twigs rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 5–15 mm long, 0.5–1 mm diam; lamina narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, or elliptic, 6–16 by 2–6 cm (leaf index 1.9–4) chartaceous, not verruculose, shiny above, dark brown above, pale brown below, glabrous or sometimes sparsely covered with appressed hairs above, but often with appressed to erect, brown hairs along the primary vein above, rather densely to sparsely covered with appressed, brown hairs below, base obtuse, rarely acute, the extreme base long-attenuate, apex acuminate (acumen 5–20 mm long), primary vein flat to impressed above, secondary veins distinct, 6–13 on either side of primary vein, often strongly raised above, smallest distance between loops and margin 2–3 mm, tertiary veins raised above, reticulate. Flowers in 1(–3)-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves; pedicels 10–30 mm long, 1–2 mm diam, fruiting pedicels to c. 3 mm diam, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, articulat- ed at 0.2–0.3 from the base, bracts 5–6, not seen; flower buds depressed ovoid; sepals free, broadly ovate-triangular, 3–5 by 3–5 mm, reflexed, outer side densely covered with appressed, pale brown hairs; petals green, maturing yellowish green or brown in vivo, narrowly oblong to narrowly obovate, 10– 25 by 4–10 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed, brown hairs; stamens 1–1.5 mm long, connective shield hairy to papillate. Monocarps 25–40, green, maturing black in vivo, black to brownish black in sicco, ellipsoid, 5–10 by 3–4 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous, apex apiculate (apiculum <0.5 mm long), wall 0.1–0.2 mm thick, stipes 10–25 by 0.5–1 mm. Seed ellipsoid, 7–8 by 3–4 mm, dark, shiny brown, smooth, raphe not distinct from rest of seed.

Distribution — Amazonian Colombia (Caquetá, Casanare, Vichada), Venezuela (Bolívar, Tachira), French Guiana, Peru (Loreto), Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz).

Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated forest, sometimes in campinara forest, or in periodically inundated forest; on sandy to sandy-clayey soil. At elevations of 0–500(–1300) m. Flower- ing: mainly in September and October; fruiting: February,April, August to October.

Vernacular names — Brazil: Envireira-da-casca-verde (D. Coêlho INPA 3872). Colombia: Cïbo dujecu (Muinane name), Carguero negro. Peru:Anonilla (J. Rodriguez 224), Carahuasca negra (J. Ruiz 1073). Venezuela:Aceituno negro (J.O. Ramirez & Paredes 46), Karaurinyek (Pemón language) (Ang. Fernández 4487), Majagua (Breteler 4752), Majagua verde (H.L. Clark 7244, Liesner 6067).

Notes — Guatteria foliosa is one of the species of this genus most easy to recognize by its long and slender petioles, a mostly obtuse leaf base that is abruptly and long-attenuate at the extreme base, and secondary veins which are strongly raised on the upper side of the lamina.

For differences with G. liesneri and G. maypurensis see under those species.

Castillo 4328 (MO) from Amazonian Venezuela is aberrant in having pedicels up to c. 45 mm long.

Cid et al. 8344 (U) from Amazonian Brazil deviates in having some of the youngest twigs covered with erect (instead of ap- pressed) to curly hairs.

Farney et al. 1838 (U) from Amazonian Brazil is somewhat aberrant in having sparsely verruculose leaves, a feature not met with in any other specimen of G. foliosa .

One collection, Glaziou 13504 ( P: ‘ Brazil, Minas Gerais, Mar d’Espanha , 8 May 1870 ’) falls quite far out of the distribution of this species. A similar case is that of Glaziou 13505 (see under G. inundata ). As Glaziou quite often used erroneous data (see Wurdack 1970), we have the suspicion that the locality data are incorrect .

Figures

Plate 3 a, b. Guatteria caribaea Urb. a. Flowering branch; b. mature flower. – c. Guatteria costaricensis R.E.Fr. Leaves and fruit. – d. Guatteria cuatrecasasii Sánchez S.Flowering branch.– e. Guatteria dolichopoda Donn.Sm.Flowering branch and leaves.– f. Guatteria foliosa Benth.Flowering branch.– g, h. Guatteria talamancana N.Zamora & Maas. g. Flowering branch; h. flower (a, b: Graveson et al. 3093; c: Maas et al. 9392; d: R. Cámara Leret & Copete Maturana 1743; e: Maas et al. 9462; f: Mori & Gracie 23929; g, h: Monro 6108). — Photos:a, b: R.H.J. Erkens;c,e: P.J.M. Maas;d: R. Cámara Leret;f: C. Gracie; g, h:A.K. Monro.