Thracides pavo Grishin, 2023

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, Insecta Mundi 2023 (26), pp. 1-115 : 82-83

Thracides pavo Grishin , new species

https://zoobank.org/ 14FC64FB-D37D-43E1-8764-08D112459C19

( Fig. 8 part, 201–202, 440–441)

Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that specimens from Mexico identified as Thracides phidon (Cramer, 1779) (type locality in Suriname) show prominent genetic differentiation from it in the Z chromosome ( Fig. 8) and, therefore, represent a new species. Curiously, despite the prominent differentiation in the Z chromosome, their COI barcodes differ by only 1.1% (7 bp). This new species keys to T. phidon (O.15.7) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by typically longer segments of stigma, by lacking or vestigial subapical white spots on ventral forewing (many T. phidon specimens have these spots), especially in males, yellower and more extensive overscaling at the forewing apex beneath, less extensive blue overscaling on dorsal hindwings ( Fig. 201–202), longer saccus, and broader rounded distal end of harpe ( Fig. 441). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly38.8.4:C87A, aly423.2.7:A162T, aly214.15.4:G34A, aly 1074.2.19:G51A, aly 1074.2.19:C66T, and COI barcode: T5A, T118T, 127A, T442T, A508G, T533T.

Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18114B07, GenBank OR837715, 658 base pairs: AACTCTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGAACATCTTTAAGATTATTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGTAACCCAGGATCTTTAATT

GGAGATGATCAAATCTATAATACTATTGTAACTGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTAATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTTCCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCCGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAATAATATAAGTTTTTGAATGCTACCCCCTTCATTAACTCTTTTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACAGGATGAACAGTTTACCCCCCTTTATCCTCTAATATTGCTCATCAAGGATCTTCAGTAGATTTA GCCATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCCGGAATTTCTTCAATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAATTTATCTT TCGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTGTGATCAGTAGGAATTACAGCTTTATTATTACTTTTATCTCTACCAGTATTAGCAGGTGCTATTACTATACTTCT TACAGATCGAAATTTAAATACATCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGAGGAGGAGATCCTATTCTTTATCAACATTTATTT

Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA ( USNM), illustrated in Fig. 201–202, bears the following seven rectangular labels, six white: [Teapa | Tabasco | Mexico], [March | 1913], [RMuller | Collector], [3708], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18114B07 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01531463], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Thracides | pavo Grishin ] . Paratypes: 2♀♀: Mexico: San Luis Potosi, Sierra Madre O., El Salto Falls, Roy O. Kendall and C. A. Kendall leg., larval foodplant: Heliconia latispatha Benth. [ TAMU]: NVG-19013C04 4-Feb-1976 and NVG-19013C05 14-Feb-1975.

Type locality. Mexico: Tabasco, Teapa.

Etymology. In Latin, pavo means peacock. The name is given for the colorful wings of this species and is a noun in apposition.

Distribution. Currently recorded from Tabasco and San Luis Potosi in Mexico.