Dibezzia Kieffer

Borkent, Art, 2014, The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera, Zootaxa 3879 (1), pp. 1-327 : 80-81

Dibezzia Kieffer

( Figs. 12B , 21A , 26E , 30J , 38A , 45G , 51A , 64B , 75I )

DIAGNOSIS: Only pupa of Ceratopogonidae with a well-developed prothoracic extension ( Fig. 26E ) and an elongate seta (D-5-IX) on the base of the terminal process ( Figs. 12B , 75I ).

DESCRIPTION: Habitus as in Fig. 12B . Total length = 4.03 mm (5.5 mm from Mayer 1934c). Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in Figs. 16B , 33B ). Ecdysial tear uncertain anteriorly; present along prothoracic extension. Head: Dorsal apotome ( Fig. 21A ), with partial ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in Fig. 13H ) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts ( Fig. 26E ) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna ( Fig. 38A ) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals ( Fig. 21A )—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals ( Fig. 26E )—2 slender setae; oculars ( Fig. 26E )—2 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum. Thorax: Prothoracic extension ( Fig. 26E ) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus but narrow dorsolaterally, extent to antenna uncertain; mesonotum without tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially ( Fig. 51A ); respiratory organ ( Fig. 45G ) length/width = 3.11–3.61, moderately elongate, with blunt apex, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface with plates with very fine spicules, without pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, plates to 3/4 length; wing ( Fig. 38A ) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in Fig. 33A ) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs ( Fig. 38A ) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in Fig. 33C ); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae (as in Figs. 31L–M ); anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae ( Fig. 30J )—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T setae, D-5-T broken or absent, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics ( Fig. 51A )—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax). Abdomen: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 ( Fig. 75I ) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting nearly posteriorly, elongate, slender, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 ( Fig. 51A ) with 6 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 ( Fig. 64B )—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short to moderately elongate setae, D-2-IV on short tubercle; D-8-IV, D-9-IV moderately elongate setae, D-5-IV, D-7-IV absent (or perhaps not visible); D-8-IV, D-9-IV on elongate, single tubercle, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; L-1-IV short seta without tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-2-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV moderately elongate setae on elongate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6- IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae, without tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 ( Fig. 75I )—with D-5-IX elongate seta, D-6-IX campaniform sensillum.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: The genus Dibezzia is known from five species in the Oriental and Afrotropical Regions ( Borkent 2014 , additional species below). The two species were reared from either "bamboo peat" ( Johannsen 1932) in Indonesia or a tree hole in Singapore ( Wirth & Ratanaworabhan 1981a).

TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: The pupae of this genus are known from two species ( Tables 2–3 ). Originally described as Johannsenomyia prominens by Johannsen (1932), Mayer (1934a:244, 1934c) described the pupa of this Indonesian species as (?) Homohelea prominens , based on the pupal exuviae from which the male holotype of this species was reared. Wirth (1973) placed the species in Mallochohelea as a new combination but did not identify it as such or give any justification for doing so and this is where it has remained since. The descriptions by Mayer (1934a, 1934c), however, clearly indicate the presence of the elongate seta at the base of the terminal process, a feature of Dibezzia and unique within the Ceratopogoninae . In addition, Mayer (1934c) noted the presence of "breiten Schuppen" (broad scales) on the surface of the respiratory organ, which is what the fine scales appear as in D. debenhamae . This feature is unique within the Heteromyiini + Sphaeromiini s. lat. + Palpomyiini + Stenoxenini . I therefore remove the name from Mallochohelea and consider it a member of Dibezzia as follows: Dibezzia prominens (Johannsen) 1932: 435 ( Johannsenomyia ). new combination.

Dibezzia prominens , as illustrated by Mayer (1934c), has D-5-IV represented as a small campaniform sensillum or perhaps a very small seta and D-7-IV located posterolateral to D-3-IV (like other members of Heteromyiini + Sphaeromiini s. lat. + Palpomyiini + Stenoxenini ; see character 64). I could not find either on the single, dirty, and distorted specimen of D. debenhamae I examined.

MATERIAL EXAMINED: D. debenhamae : 1 pupal exuviae (of allotype), Singapore, VI-1959 (USNM).

Figures

FIGURE 12. Habitus. A. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Debenham 1970). B. Dibezzia prominens, sex unknown, in dorsal view (form Mayer 1934c). C. Macropeza albitarsis, male, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007, modified). D. Mallochohelea munda, male, in ventral view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). E. Sphaeromias fasciata, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Mayer 1934a). F. Bezzia glabra, female, in ventral view (from Thomsen 1937). G. Palpomyia sp., male, in dorsal view (from Grogan & Wirth 1979). H. Paryphoconus oliveirai, female, in ventral view (modified from Ronderos et al. 2007).

FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada).

FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present.

FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified).

FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri.

FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes.

FIGURE 31. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces; anteromedial setae. A. Homohelea delanoe. B. Leehelea hispida. C. Sphaeromias longipennis. D. Xenohelea galatea. E. Bezzia nobilis. F. Clastrieromyia dycei. G. Pachyhelea pachymera. H. Palpomyia jonesi. I. Phaenobezzia mashonensis. J. Paryphoconus oliveirai. K. Echinohelea lanei, partial lateral view (distorted slide specimen). L. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsal view. M. Palpomyia (JAD685), dorsolateral view. N. Probezzia seminigra, dorsal view of left side.

FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa).

FIGURE 38. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Macropeza sp. (from Laos). F. Mallochohelea caudellii.

FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979).

FIGURE 51. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Dibezzia debenhamae. B. Hebetula tonnoiri (reconstructed from distorted specimen). C. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. D. Macropeza natalensis. E. Mallochohelea caudellii. F. Probezzia sabroskyi.

FIGURE 64. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Pellucidomyia leei. B. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted and dirty specimen). C. Hebetula tonnoiri.

FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979).