Amara (Amara) congrua Morawitz, 1863

Kavanaugh, David H., Hieke, Fritz, Liang, Hongbin & Dong, Dazhi, 2014, Inventory of the carabid beetle fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, western Yunnan Province, China: species of the tribe Zabrini (Coleoptera, Carabidae), ZooKeys 407, pp. 55-119 : 63-65

2. Amara (Amara) congrua Morawitz, 1863 Figs 5 b–c, e, 6b, 7 e–f, 10, 22b, 27-30

Amara mongolica Motschulsky, 1844: 185, nomen oblitum. Type material: Number of syntypes not specified and unknown, a fragmentary male specimen in ZMMU ( Keleinikova 1976: 206) identified as holotype in that collection by Hieke. Type locality: "sur la frontière de la Mongolie", probably northeastern China, Outer Manchuria (now Primorsky Krai of Russia). Synonymy suggested by Morawitz 1863b: 63, synonymized by Hieke (1973: 116).

Amara (Amara) congrua Morawitz, 1863b: 62. Type material: Number of syntypes not specified, but at least several, with 5 syntypes in ZIN; lectotype male and 1 paralectotype designated by Hieke (1973: 25), the 3 other syntypes (paralectotypes) are adults of Amara chalcites Dejean. Type locality: Japan: Hakodate.

Amara zimmermanni Putzeys, 1875: LI ( röm. 51) [nec Heer, 1837: 38]. Type material: Number of syntypes not specified, but at least several, with 3 syntypes in IRSNB and 2 in DEI ( Döbler 1975: 148); two of those syntypes are adults of Amara chalcites Dejean, and the specimen from Kyoto in IRSNB, which has been considered as “Type”, is an adult of Amara congrua Morawitz. Type locality: Japan, Kyoto. Synonymized by Hieke (1973: 23), previously synonymized incorrectly with Amara chalcites Dejean by Bates (1876: 4).

Amara striatella Putzeys, 1875: LII ( röm. 52). Type material: Number of syntypes not specified, but 4 of them in IRSNB; lectotype male designated by Hieke (1973: 27); one of those syntypes is an adult of Amara chalcites Dejean. Type locality: Japan, Kyoto. Synonymized by Hieke (1973: 23), previously synonymized incorrectly with Amara chalcites Dejean (as "var. striatella") by Bates (1883: 242).

Amara (Amara) mandzhurica Lutshnik, 1935: 257. Type material: Holotype female (not a male as stated by Lutshnik) in ZIN. Type locality: China: Manchuria: “Ertzendjantzy”. Synonymized by Hieke (1973: 58).

Amara (Amara) ovatoides Baliani, 1943: 38. Type material: Holotype female (not a male as stated by Baliani, but as can be seen in his Fig. 1), in MCSNG. Type locality: China, Shanghai. Synonymized by Hieke (1978: 314).

Amara (Amara) abnormalis Jedlička, 1956: 213. Type material: Holotype and 1 paratype in ZFMK, 2 paratypes in NMPC. Type locality: China, Fujian, Kuatun. Synonymized by Hieke (1973: 2).

Diagnosis.

Adults of this species (Fig. 10) can be distinguished from those of all other species in the region by the following combination of character states: body length 9-10 mm; base of the pronotum evenly convex from one side to the other, outer basal impressions absent or only very faintly suggested; elytra with parascutellar pore puncture present; medial protibial spurs simple; tarsomere 5 of hind tarsi with two or (in a few specimens) three pairs of setae ventrally (Fig. 6b); last abdominal sternite of male with one pair (Fig. 5e) and female with two pairs (Fig. 5c) of setiferous punctures near hind margin; sclerites of internal sac of median lobe of male aedeagus with form as in Fig. 7 e–f.

Habitat distribution.

Specimens of this species were collected in daytime from under stones and other cover in open roadside areas with scattered grasses and shrubs (Fig. 22b), at the edges of agricultural fields, including wet and dry rice paddies, and on open banks of streams, and in these same habitats at night, when beetles were found active on bare substrate. Specimens were found at elevations ranging from 892 to 2000 m. The only other Amara species members of which were found syntopic with those of Amara congrua was Amara latithorax , with adults of both species found together at only one site at an elevation of 1223 m.

Geographical distribution within the Gaoligong Shan.

Fig. 10d. We examined a total of 33 specimens (17 males and 16 females) from the following localities: Fugong County: Lumadeng Township (Chihengdi village, 26.98749°, 98.86310°, 1230 m, 29 April 2004, D.H. Kavanaugh & H.B. Liang collectors [3 males and 2 females; CAS, IOZ]); Shangpa Township (road on west side of Nu Jiang S of Shangpa, 26.88952°, 98.86539°, 1223 m, 22 April 2004, D.H. Kavanaugh & C.E. Griswold collectors [1 male and 1 female; CAS]). Gongshan County: Cikai Township (27.27064°, 98.66557°, 1500 m, 28 June 2000, D.H. Kavanaugh & H.B. Liang collectors [1 male; CAS]); Heiwadi village (27.78594°, 98.60117°, 1880-2000 m, 28 June 2000, D.H. Kavanaugh & H.B. Liang collectors [1 female; IOZ]). Lushui County: Liuku Township (Laimo village, 25.82767°, 98.85120°, 892 m, 15 May 2004, H.B. Liang & X.Y. Li collectors [1 male and 1 female; CAS, IOZ]). Tengchong County: Hehua Township (3.8 km S of Hehua along Daying Jiang at Nangyan village, 24.93873°, 98.38444°, 1140 m, 2 June 2006, D.H. Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett & D.Z. Dong collectors [1 female; CAS]), (5.4 km S of Hehua along Daying Jiang at Dengma village, 24.92346°, 98.38612°, 1105 m, 2 June 2006, D.H. Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett & D.Z. Dong collectors [1 female; IOZ]; Jietou Township (stream 0.7 km N of Jietou, 25.43128°, 98.64773°, 1564 m, 22 May 2006, D.H. Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett & H.B. Liang collectors [3 males and 2 females; CAS, IOZ]); Qingshui Township (Liangyang village in Rehai area, 24.94919°, 98.44921°, 1450 m, 1 June 2006, D.H. Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett, H.D. Liang, D.Z. Dong & P. Hu collectors [1 female; IOZ]); Qushi Township (Longchuan Jiang at Qinqiao in Qinqiao village, 25.27250°, 98.60083°, 1464 m, 6 June 2006, D.H. Kavanaugh, R.L. Brett & D.Z. Dong collectors [7 males and 5 females; CAS, IOZ, ZMHB]); Shangying Township (Bawan-Tengchong Road KM 63, 25.02917°, 98.66917°, 1360 m, 19 October 2003, H.B. Liang & X.C. Shi collectors [1 female; IOZ]); Wuhe Township (west bank of Longchuan Jiang at Tongjiazhuang village, 24.89284°, 98.67439°, 1210 m, H.B. Liang collector 24 May 2005 [1 male; IOZ]).

Members of this species were collected from the northern to the southern parts of the study area (Core Areas 2, 3, 5 and 6), but they were found only on the eastern side of the mountain range in northern and central areas (Core Areas 2,3 and 5) and only on the western versant in the southern part (Core Area 6). This distribution pattern is most likely an artifact of inadequate sampling on the western slope of the mountain range, much of which is in Myanmar.

Overall geographical distribution.

Fig. 27. This species has been recorded from China (Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hongkong, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejian Provinces), Japan (southern half), Laos, North and South Korea, Myanmar (extreme north), Russia (Primorskij Krai), Taiwan and Vietnam (extreme north).