Vexillifera

Van Wichelen, Jeroen, D’Hondt, Sofie, Claeys, Myriam, Vyverman, Wim, Berney, Cédric, Bass, David & Vanormelingen, Pieter, 2016, A Hotspot of Amoebae Diversity: 8 New Naked Amoebae Associated with the Planktonic Bloom-forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis, Acta Protozoologica 55 (2), pp. 61-87 : 74

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.4467/16890027AP.16.007.4942

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12538875

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0228D806-FFAD-FF81-FF77-FE93FA866276

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Vexillifera
status

 

Vexillifera View in CoL

The acanthopodial strain A18 WVB was placed in the monophyletic genus Vexillifera with V. multispinosa its closest relative ( Fig. 6A View Fig ), however the p -distance between these two strains was rather large (15.9%, 264 differing positions).

Locomotive amoebae of strain A18 WVB were highly variable. Their shape was either triangular, spherical, slightly elongated or irregular and pseudopodia were often dactylopodial-like (e.g. Figs 6B View Fig 3 View Fig , 7 View Fig ). Length without subpseudopodia was 13–43 µm (mean 22) and width 5–24 µm (11). About 9–22 (15) round-tipped subpseudopodia of maximally 11 µm long were present predominantly at the broader anterior side. A temporal, uroid-like, hyaline, bulbous or fasciculate structure (3–5 µm long) was sometimes seen posteriorly during locomotion (arrow in Fig. 6B View Fig 5 View Fig ). Usually one, rarely 2–3, small contractile vacuole(s) were visible posteriorly. The globular to elliptical vesicular nucleus was 2–5 µm in diameter and contained one slightly eccentrically located globular nucleolus of 1–2 µm. The cytoplasm always contained 10–40 small (1–2 µm), refractive spheroid granules. Floating amoebae ( Figs 6B View Fig 8 View Fig –11) were slightly elongated, about 15 µm long and 10 µm wide, displaying 5–17 sharply pointed pseudopodia that reached maximally 24 µm in length. No cyst stage was observed.

Vexillifera View in CoL currently contains 24 species of which two were most probably misclassified ( V. expectata belongs to Hartmannella View in CoL / Copromyxa and V. armata is probably Pseudoparamoeba pagei , see Dyková et al. 2011). Six of the remaining species were isolated from marine habitats, 1 from brackish waters and 4 from freshwater fish tissues (amphizoic species). The other species are all free-living amoebae from freshwater habitats, however none of these are represented in GenBank since it only contains the free-living marine species V. minutissima ( Bovee 1985) and the amphizoic Vexillifera species on fish ( Dyková et al. 2011). Our Microcystis View in CoL -associated strain showed some morphological similarities with V. telma and V. displacata , described from eutrophied stagnant freshwaters respectively muddy bottoms of slow-running streams in the US ( Bovee 1985), however it differed in having an irregular floating form with long radiating pseudopodia (in contrast to the globular one of V. telma with only very small radiating pseudopodia), in being much larger (in contrast to V. displacata that is 7–12 µm long and 6–8 µm wide) and in its specific ecology (planktonic Microcystis View in CoL colonies where it feeds on Microcystis View in CoL cells and associated biota). These differences warranted its description as a new species, Vexillifera westveldii .

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