Togepsylla Kuwayama, 1931

Luo, Xinyu, Cai, Wanzhi & Qiao, Gexia, 2017, Half-jumping plant lice - a taxonomic revision of the distinctive psyllid genus Togepsylla Kuwayama with a reassessment of morphology (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), ZooKeys 716, pp. 63-93 : 64-66

Togepsylla Kuwayama, 1931

Togepsylla Kuwayama, 1931: 121. Type species: Togepsylla takahashii Kuwayama, 1931, by original designation.

Togepsylla Kuwayama: Li 2011: 213.

Hemipteripsylla Yang & Li, 1981: 182. Type species: Hemipteripsylla tibetana Yang & Li, 1981, by original designation. Synonymized by Hodkinson 1990: 716.

Diagnosis.

Body relatively flat. Vertex, thoracic dorsum and most of fore wing veins with symmetrical long and thick setae, which possess tiny spinules on the surface (Fig. 63, termed 'prickly setae’ below). Wings held flat over back. Fore wing lacking pterostigma. Hind wing with a single thick anal vein (A) which may result from the reduction of vein A1 or A2 or from the combination of them. Posterior aspect of male proctiger enveloped. Aedeagus uni-segmented. Female subgenital plate simple and situated much more proximal than proctiger. Valvula dorsalis of ovipositor lacking flag lobe. Fifth instar immature with symmetrical sectasetae on body dorsum, lacking tarsal arolium on legs.

Redescription.

Adult. Body flat, with abdomen significantly wider than tall. Body dorsum with symmetrical prickly setae on the surface, situated on bulges or projections, distribution as: 4+4 on vertex, 4+4 on pronotum, 1+1 on mesopraescutum, 4+4 (Fig. 53) or 5+5 (Fig. 52) on mesoscutum, 1+1 on mesoscutellum, 1+1 on tegula, 1+1 on humeral plates, 1+1 on metascutellum. Surface of vertex and thoracic dorsum sculptured with granular microscopic structures.

Head slightly inclined from longitudinal body axis. Vertex lacking median suture; two tubercles present along the median line, each bearing a pair of prickly setae. Base of lateral ocelli moderately bulging, each bearing two prickly setae. Vertex consistent with gena. Plane of torulus about perpendicular to that of the vertex. Frons completely fused with vertex and gena, only moderately raised from the surface. Gena not divided into two lateral parts, but firmly compact as one, with roughly symmetrical simple setae (Fig. 47); parts below torulus sometimes produced. Occiput smoothly connected with vertex, not folded below it. Plane of postocular sclerite about perpendicular to that of vertex, not nearly parallel with it. Antennae 10-segmented, surface sculptured with minute spinules arranged in transverse rows; at least six rhinaria present on apices of segments IV-IX, apex of segment III sometimes also with one; segments IV, VI and VIII sometimes possess extra rhinaria; rhinarium with closely packed minute spinules lining below, usually bearing horn-like projections. Clypeus rather short, with no extra seta except the apical pair of setae. Labium rather short, two-segmented, lacking 'conical sensoria’ (as termed by Liang et al. 2013) on the tip (Fig. 48).

Preepimeron significantly wider than preepisternum. Notopleural sulcus of prothorax well developed. Mesopraescutum near semicircular, not protruding forward to force pronotum to arch. Pleural sulcus of mesothorax reduced, with pleural apophysis relatively small; posterior margin of mesopleurite directed forward. Mesepisternum rather narrow and bulging (Fig. 57). Trochantinal apodeme shallow, present on anterior margin of mesopleurite (Fig. 57). Anapleural cleft of mesothorax widely split (Fig. 57). 1+1 extra sclerites present behind the base of mesothoracic furca (Fig. 59). Heel of mesepimeron swollen, bearing a small tubercle (Fig. 57). Metathoracic pleural sulcus reduced, pleural apophysis poorly developed; metepisternum and trochantin not completely divided (Fig. 57). Trochantinal apodeme of metathorax shallow, present on the anterior margin of metapleurite (Fig. 57). Katepisternum and trochantin of metathorax possess well developed ventral aspect which are convergent in the middle, forming a large and solid plate ventrally (Fig. 59). 1+1 extra sclerites present behind the base of metathoracic furca (Fig. 59) (in contrast with most other psyllids, e.g. Cacopsylla , Fig. 60).

Legs long and slender. The three sensory pores on femora ventrum arranged in a row. Plane of hind legs almost parallel with that of middle legs. Metacoxa with rather large tubercle above apical opening, and lacking meracanthus (Fig. 56). Metafemur without a cluster of thick setae on the outside of apex. Metatibia without genual spine, with 1-3 rows of thick setae; apical part often with a row of tightly packed setae dorsally; apical spurs relatively long and slender, sclerotized at different extents but never reaching the hard and black status as in most other psyllids, forming an open crown. Metabasitarsus lacking sclerotized spurs on the apex, but with one or two (in other psyllids there is only one) pairs of simple setae. Apical tarsus with a pair of short and tapered apical setae. Claws with rounded or rather narrow pulvilli.

Fore wing narrowest in the base and gradually becoming much wider apically, usually widest at subapex or apical 1/4. Costal break present. Pterostigma absent. Vein Rs reaching anterior margin instead of apical margin. Cell cu1 rather long and flat. Veins A1 and A2 touching in the middle. Anal break adjacent to the apex of vein Cu1b.

Hind wing with partially thickened anterior margin. Veins A1 and A2 combined or one is lost (probably A1), leaving a thickened vein A; cell a1 lost (Fig. 49).

Tergite of abdominal segment 1 better developed, with a median sclerite present (Fig. 50). Spiracles of segments 1 and 2 invisible. Sternites of segments 4-6 each with a pair of wax-secreting pore fields laterally, with shape variable.

Male terminalia: In natural status, proctiger, aedeagus and parameres all oriented caudally instead of upwards. Posterior aspect of proctiger enveloped. Aedeagus uni-segmented and simple, sometimes with tiny spines on dorsum. Sperm pump with only basal end plate, lacking apical end plate (Fig. 51).

Female terminalia: Subgenital plate placed much more proximal than proctiger and simple, lacking tip sometimes. Proctiger lacking rows of long setae on the dorsum. Valvula dorsalis of ovipositor without flag lobe. Median valve slender and placed more terminal, apex touching the subapex of ovipositor.

Fifth instar immature. Body dorsum with symmetrical sectasetae. Antennal 7- or 9-segmented, with three rhinaria. Compound eyes with 1+1 or 2+2 ocular setae. Postocular setae present in 2+2 or more. Fore wing pads simple, without humeral lobe. Legs long and slender, lacking specialized seta. Both tarsal segments differentiated. Tarsal claws with pulvilli and without arolium. Apical setae of tarsus both long and capitate. Abdominal sclerites firm, not broken in the middle. Abdominal apex with a pair of bulges. Circum anal pore field lacking additional rings.

Key to adults of Togepsylla

Key to the fifth instar immature of Togepsylla ( T. tibetana unknown)